The principal decomposers of the biosphere are

  • amoeba
  • virus
  • fungi and bacteria
  • algae

The Ascaris, Entamoeba and Plasmodium are considered as examples of

  • endoparasite
  • ectoparasite
  • digestion parasites
  • synthetic parasites

Thunderstorms and lightning convert atmospheric nitrogen into

  • nitrates
  • nitrites
  • nitric acid
  • nitric oxide

To enable the materials locked up in dead organisms, the main role is played by

  • primary consumers
  • secondary consumers
  • decomposers
  • detritivores

Consumers that eat animal flesh, as well as plants and plant products, are called

  • omnivores
  • primary consumers
  • secondary consumers
  • top carnivores

The reservoir of gaseous nitrogen is classified as

  • atmosphere
  • biosphere
  • abiotic community
  • biotic community

The current level of urbanization in Pakistan is about

  • 0.3
  • 0.34
  • 0.35
  • 0.32

When the oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2) and sulfur (SO, SO2, SO3) interacts with water vapors then the acids produced are

  • acetic and citric acid
  • sulphuric and nitric acid
  • hydrochloric and nitric acid
  • sulphuric and citric acid

The interactions between different species members are known as

  • intraspecific interactions
  • interspecific interactions
  • co-dominance interactions
  • dominance interactions

The carbon dioxide (CO2) taken by the producers from the atmosphere is converted into

  • primary compounds
  • organic compounds
  • inorganic compounds
  • terrestrial compounds

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into the

  • hydro energy
  • chemical energy
  • mechanical energy
  • tidal energy

Reproduction is a basic survival for

  • nitrogen
  • nitrates
  • nitric acid
  • nitrites

The network of food chains that are interconnected with each other at different trophic levels is called

  • biogeochemical chain
  • food web
  • food chain
  • biomass chain

The cyclic pathways through which materials move back from the environment to organisms and organisms to the environment are called

  • chemical cycles
  • biosphere cycles
  • geological cycles
  • biogeochemical cycles

Pitcher plant, Sundew are common examples of

  • omnivores
  • carnivores
  • herbivores
  • scavengers

The carbon atom is the principal building block of many kinds of

  • bio nutrients
  • bio cells
  • bio cycles
  • biomolecules

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in

  • 1980
  • 1970
  • 1950
  • 1990

Pakistan developed the National conservation strategy in

  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1993
  • 1992

Predation helps to maintain balance in

  • community
  • population
  • ecology
  • ecosystem

The process of conversion of oxides of nitrogen into nitric acid and then into nitrates is classified as

  • atmospheric oxygen fixation
  • atmospheric nitrogen fixation
  • biological nitrogen fixation
  • biological oxygen fixation

The constant flow of energy is from producer to

  • consumer
  • producer
  • herbivores
  • carnivores

The process of nitrates utilization by organisms is classified as

  • assimilation
  • nitrification
  • denitrification
  • ammonification

The law which states that energy is only transformed from one state into another and it is never destroyed nor created is called

  • law of momentum
  • law of nuclear fission
  • law of kinematics
  • law of thermodynamics

The level at which an organism feeds in a food chain is called

  • trophic level
  • food level
  • food chain level
  • ecology niche

Since 1800 the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased

  • 0.2
  • 0.25
  • 0.5
  • 0.3

The tertiary consumers that are fed on primary carnivores are also known as

  • primary carnivores
  • tertiary carnivores
  • secondary carnivores
  • secondary herbivores

The substances that cause pollution are

  • chemicals
  • pollutants
  • gases
  • bad substances

The group of consumers in an ecosystem includes

  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • plants
  • animals

The fish aquarium is best classified as an example of

  • natural biosphere
  • artificial biosphere
  • artificial ecosystem
  • natural ecosystem

Considering the ecological organizations, the range between tops of the highest mountains and floor of oceans is classified as

  • biosphere
  • exosphere
  • troposphere
  • stratosphere
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