Look closely at the height of different plants. Are these plants shorter than you, as tall as you, or taller than you?
  • The height of the plants compared to the observer (shorter, as tall, or taller).
  • The color of the plants compared to the observer.
  • The number of leaves on the plants.
  • The type of soil the plants are growing in.
Is the stem brown or green? Touch and feel the stems and try to bend them gently. Can you bend the stem easily, or is it stiff? Take care that the stems do not break.
  • Stem color (brown or green) and whether the stem is easy to bend or stiff.
  • Leaf shape and whether the leaves are rough or smooth.
  • Root length and whether the roots are thick or thin.
  • Flower color and whether the petals are wide or narrow.
Observe from where the branches of the plants arise—whether they arise close to the ground or higher up on the stem. Fill in your observations in Table 2.3. A few examples are already given.
  • Branches arise close to the ground or higher up on the stem.
  • Branches arise only from the roots.
  • Branches arise only from the leaves.
  • Branches arise only from the flowers.
What differences do you observe among herbs, shrubs, and trees? How can you group plants as herbs, shrubs, and trees based on the data entered in Table 2.3?
  • Herbs are short with green, tender stems; shrubs are medium height with brown, hard, thin stems; trees are tall with brown, hard, thick stems. Plants can be grouped based on height, nature of stem, and appearance of branches.
  • Herbs are tall with thick stems; shrubs are short with green stems; trees are medium height with thin stems. Plants can be grouped based on leaf color.
  • Herbs, shrubs, and trees are grouped only by their flower color and fruit type.
  • Herbs are medium height with brown stems; shrubs are tall with green stems; trees are short with thin stems. Plants can be grouped based on root length.
Fill in the blank: The Mango plant is classified as a ______ based on its height and nature of stem in Table 2.3.
  • Tree
  • Shrub
  • Herb
  • Climber
Fill in the blank: The Rose plant is classified as a ______ based on its height and nature of stem in Table 2.3.
  • Shrub
  • Tree
  • Herb
  • Climber
Fill in the blank: The Tomato plant is classified as a ______ based on its height and nature of stem in Table 2.3.
  • Herb
  • Shrub
  • Tree
  • Climber
Which of the following plants has a thick, hard, brown stem and is tall in height?
  • Mango
  • Rose
  • Tomato
  • None of the above
What are shrubs?
  • Shrubs are plants with many brown woody stems that start branching very close to the ground. These stems are hard but not as thick as the stem of a tree.
  • Shrubs are plants with a single thick stem that grows very tall like a tree.
  • Shrubs are plants that have soft green stems and do not branch near the ground.
  • Shrubs are plants that grow only in water and have no stems.
What are herbs? For example, a tomato plant is a herb (Fig. 2.3c).
  • Herbs are typically small plants with soft and green stems.
  • Herbs are large trees with woody stems.
  • Herbs are aquatic plants found only in water bodies.
  • Herbs are plants with thick, hard stems like shrubs.
What are climbers?
  • Climbers are plants with weak stems that need support to climb and grow.
  • Climbers are plants with strong stems that can stand upright without support.
  • Climbers are animals that live in trees.
  • Climbers are plants that grow only in water.
What are creepers?
  • Creepers are plants that creep along the ground.
  • Creepers are animals that fly in the sky.
  • Creepers are machines used for digging.
  • Creepers are insects that live in water.
There is variation in the shape and structure of leaves collected from different plants during a nature walk.
  • Yes, there is variation in the shape and structure of leaves.
  • No, all leaves have the same shape and structure.
  • Leaves only vary in color, not in shape or structure.
  • Variation in leaves is only seen in flowers, not in plants.
The differences seen in the veins of leaves in Fig. 2.4a and Fig. 2.4b are:
  • Fig. 2.4a shows reticulate venation, while Fig. 2.4b shows parallel venation.
  • Fig. 2.4a shows parallel venation, while Fig. 2.4b shows reticulate venation.
  • Both figures show only parallel venation.
  • Both figures show only reticulate venation.
Which type of venation is shown in the hibiscus leaf in Fig. 2.4a?
  • Reticulate venation
  • Parallel venation
  • Palmate venation
  • Dichotomous venation
Which type of venation is shown in the banana leaf in Fig. 2.4b?
  • Parallel venation
  • Reticulate venation
  • Palmate venation
  • Pinnate venation
Which type of venation is shown in the grass leaf in Fig. 2.4c?
  • Parallel venation
  • Reticulate venation
  • Palmate venation
  • Pinnate venation
The roots in Fig. 2.5a (mustard plant) have one main root (taproot) with small side roots, while the roots in Fig. 2.5b (common grass) appear as a bunch of similar-sized thin roots (fibrous roots) arising from the base of the stem. What differences do you see in the roots of plants shown in Fig. 2.5a and Fig. 2.5b?
  • Fig. 2.5a shows a taproot system, while Fig. 2.5b shows a fibrous root system.
  • Both Fig. 2.5a and Fig. 2.5b show taproot systems.
  • Fig. 2.5a shows fibrous roots, while Fig. 2.5b shows taproots.
  • Both Fig. 2.5a and Fig. 2.5b show fibrous root systems.
Carefully observe the roots of a mustard plant in Fig. 2.5a. The roots of this plant consist of one main root and small side roots arising from it. What is the main root called?
  • Taproot
  • Fibrous root
  • Adventitious root
  • Prop root
The plant in Fig. 2.5b is a common grass plant. The roots of this plant appear as a bunch of similar-sized thin roots arising from the base of the stem. What are such roots called?
  • Fibrous roots
  • Tap roots
  • Adventitious roots
  • Prop roots
If your collection includes any other grasses, what kind of roots do they have?
  • Tap roots
  • Fibrous roots
  • Adventitious roots
  • Aerial roots
Fill in the blank: The type of leaf venation for Lemongrass is _______.
  • Parallel
  • Reticulate
  • Palmate
  • Pinnate
Fill in the blank: The type of root for Marigold is _______.
  • Tap root
  • Fibrous root
  • Adventitious root
  • Prop root
Fill in the blank: The type of leaf venation for Orchid is _______.
  • Parallel
  • Reticulate
  • Palmate
  • Pinnate
Do you observe any relation between the leaf venation and types of root in these plants?
  • True
  • False
Wheat has _______ roots and _______ venation in its leaves.
  • Fibrous roots and parallel venation
  • Tap roots and reticulate venation
  • Adventitious roots and net venation
  • Tap roots and parallel venation
Are they similar or different?
  • They are similar.
  • They are different.
  • They are the same.
  • They are alike.
The relation among leaf venation, root types, and the number of cotyledons in seeds of a plant is that dicot plants have reticulate venation and a taproot system, while monocot plants have parallel venation and a fibrous root system.
  • Dicot plants have reticulate venation and a taproot system, while monocot plants have parallel venation and a fibrous root system.
  • Dicot plants have parallel venation and a fibrous root system, while monocot plants have reticulate venation and a taproot system.
  • Both dicot and monocot plants have reticulate venation and a taproot system.
  • Both dicot and monocot plants have parallel venation and a fibrous root system.
Plants that have seeds with _______ cotyledons are called dicotyledons.
  • two
  • one
  • three
  • four
Dicot plants have reticulate venation and a taproot system while monocot plants have parallel venation and a fibrous root system.
  • True
  • False
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