What were the primary motivations for the Turkic and Afghan invasions of India starting in the 11th century?
  • To establish peaceful trade routes and cultural centers.
  • To learn from India’s administrative and scientific advancements.
  • For India’s reputed riches, territorial ambitions, and the desire to spread their religion.
  • To form an alliance with Indian kingdoms against the Mongols.
Which of these major political events occurred earliest during the medieval period described in the chapter?
  • Establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire
  • Timur’s attack on Delhi
  • Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate
  • Re-establishment of the Mewar Kingdom
The construction of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi involved repurposing materials from other structures. What was the source of these materials?
  • Imported marble from Persia and high-quality timber.
  • Materials from 27 destroyed Hindu and Jain temples.
  • Bricks and mortar made using a unique Mughal technique.
  • Sandstone from Rajasthan and granite from the Deccan.
Which one of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s ambitious schemes involved moving the capital from Delhi?
  • He moved the capital to Agra to be closer to the Taj Mahal.
  • He shifted the capital to Lahore to counter Mongol invasions.
  • He shifted the capital to Warangal after defeating the Telugu chieftains.
  • He moved the capital to Daulatabad, thinking its central location would offer better control.
What was the jizya tax imposed by some sultans?
  • A trade tax levied on merchants at port cities.
  • A pilgrimage tax paid by everyone visiting a sacred site.
  • A tax on all agricultural produce to fund the army.
  • A tax on non-Muslim subjects for protection and exemption from military service.
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century?
  • Two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, who rejected the Delhi Sultanate’s authority.
  • The Musunuri Nayakas after defeating the Tughlaqs.
  • Rana Kumbha and Rana Sanga of Mewar.
  • Krishnadevaraya and his son-in-law Ramaraya.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Talikota in 1565?
  • Krishnadevaraya led his forces to a decisive victory, securing the Deccan for centuries.
  • The Mughal Empire intervened and annexed both the Vijayanagara and Deccan Sultanate territories.
  • A coalition of Deccan Sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara forces, leading to the city’s destruction.
  • The Vijayanagara Empire defeated the Deccan Sultanates and expanded northwards.
How did Babur win the First Battle of Panipat in 1526?
  • He blockaded Delhi, forcing the Lodi army to surrender due to lack of supplies.
  • He used a much larger army and superior cavalry tactics.
  • He relied heavily on new warfare technologies like gunpowder, field artillery, and matchlock guns.
  • He formed a strategic alliance with the Rajput clans against Ibrahim Lodi.
What was the doctrine of sulh-i-kul promoted by Emperor Akbar?
  • A system of creating marriage alliances only with Central Asian rulers.
  • A military strategy of continuous conquest to keep enemies at bay.
  • A revenue system based on taxing non-Muslims heavily.
  • A policy of ‘peace with all’ or tolerance towards all faiths.
Under which ruler did the Mughal Empire achieve its greatest territorial expansion?
  • Shah Jahan
  • Akbar
  • Babur
  • Aurangzeb
What was the paik system of the Ahom kingdom?
  • A system where every able-bodied man provided state service in exchange for land rights.
  • A network of spies used to gather intelligence on the Mughal army.
  • A special type of riverboat used in naval warfare on the Brahmaputra.
  • A religious tax imposed on all non-Ahom people living in the kingdom.
Who was the military commander who led the Ahoms to victory against the Mughals in the Battle of Saraighat (1671)?
  • Lachit Borphukan
  • Rana Sanga
  • Rani Durgavati
  • Durga Das Rathore
Why was Guru Tegh Bahadur executed in Delhi on Aurangzeb’s orders?
  • He attempted to establish an independent Sikh empire in the Deccan.
  • He led a military rebellion against the Mughal forces in Punjab.
  • He supported Jahangir’s rebellious son and was accused of treason.
  • He refused to convert to Islam after being arrested for defending Kashmiri Pandits.
What was the iqta system in the Delhi Sultanate?
  • A hereditary system where nobles passed down their land and titles to their sons.
  • A council of ministers that had the power to elect the next Sultan.
  • A system where territories were assigned to nobles to collect taxes for the Sultan’s treasury.
  • A network of spies loyal to the Sultan who reported on provincial activities.
Under Akbar’s administration, who was the Mir Bakhshi?
  • The official responsible for justice and religious matters.
  • The minister who took care of the empire’s finances.
  • The official in charge of public works, trade, and industry.
  • The head of the military department.
What was the mansabdari system instituted by Akbar?
  • A system where villages governed themselves without any central oversight.
  • A judicial system where all cases were heard directly by the emperor.
  • A revenue collection system managed directly by the finance minister, Todar Mal.
  • A system of ranking officers who were required to maintain troops and animals for the state.
What was a hundi during the medieval period?
  • A written instruction for payment that served as a precursor to modern banking.
  • A type of tax collected from peasants in the form of agricultural produce.
  • A copper coin introduced by the Mughals to standardize currency.
  • A deed for land grants inscribed on a copper plate.
Why were Portuguese travellers well-treated in the Vijayanagara Empire?
  • Because they helped the Vijayanagara rulers in their wars against the Mughals.
  • Because they sold precious horses, and the king didn’t want them selling to enemy kingdoms.
  • Because they were experts in agriculture and helped improve crop yields.
  • Because they brought new architectural techniques for building temples.
What does the term iconoclasm mean?
  • A style of architecture that combines different cultural elements.
  • The rejection or destruction of religious images considered to be idolatrous.
  • The creation of elaborate statues and images for religious purposes.
  • The practice of worshipping many gods and goddesses.
Who wrote the epic poem Āmuktamālyada and was a great patron of art and literature?
  • Akbar
  • Shah Jahan
  • Ala-ud-din Khilji
  • Krishnadevaraya
What was a significant feature of the Kumbhalgarh Fort, built by Rana Kumbha?
  • It was built entirely of white marble in the middle of a lake.
  • It had one of the longest continuous walls in the world, stretching 36 kilometres.
  • It housed a large translation center for Sanskrit texts.
  • It was the first fort in India to use cannons for defense.
How did Maharana Pratap resist the Mughals after the Battle of Haldighati?
  • He formed a large coalition with the Deccan Sultanates to fight the Mughals.
  • He escaped into the Aravalli hills and waged guerrilla warfare for years.
  • He accepted Mughal suzerainty in exchange for control of his kingdom.
  • He entered into a marriage alliance with Akbar’s daughter.
What important administrative reform was introduced by Todar Mal, Akbar’s finance minister?
  • He abolished all taxes on the peasantry to improve their condition.
  • He created the mansabdari system to rank military officers.
  • He introduced a system of token currency using copper coins.
  • He initiated a systematic survey of land and determined crop prices for efficient revenue collection.
The military collaboration between the Rajputs of Mewar and a local tribal group was so significant it was commemorated on the kingdom’s official emblem. Which tribal group earned this respected place in Mewar’s military tradition?
  • The Gonds
  • The Ahoms
  • The Bhils
  • The Santhals
What major change occurred in Sikhism after the execution of Guru Arjan by Emperor Jahangir?
  • The next Guru, Hargobind, introduced martial training and formed a Sikh army for defense.
  • The Sikhs allied with the Mughals to avoid further persecution.
  • The movement split into several different factions and lost its unity.
  • The community abandoned its spiritual path and focused only on trade.
What did Aurangzeb do to his father, Shah Jahan, to secure the throne?
  • He sent him into exile in Persia.
  • He had him executed along with his brothers.
  • He allowed him to continue ruling as a nominal head.
  • He imprisoned him in the Agra Fort until his death.
In what way was the economy of India described during the 13th to 17th centuries, despite political instability?
  • India’s economy was completely dependent on plunder from military campaigns.
  • The subcontinent remained one of the wealthiest regions in the world due to agriculture, industries, and trade.
  • India’s wealth was evenly distributed among all classes of people.
  • The economy was in a constant state of decline due to continuous warfare.
Who was Rani Durgavati?
  • The founder of the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan.
  • The wife of Krishnadevaraya who ruled the Vijayanagara Empire after his death.
  • A Rajput queen who committed jauhar during the siege of Chittorgarh.
  • A valiant queen of the Gond kingdom of Garha who resisted Mughal invasion.
What was the main reason for the Portuguese to be well-treated in the Vijayanagara Empire?
  • They introduced new architectural styles.
  • They sold precious horses to the king.
  • They brought new agricultural techniques.
  • They provided military support against the Mughals.
What was the role of the Mir Bakhshi in Akbar's administration?
  • He oversaw military affairs.
  • He managed the empire's finances.
  • He was responsible for justice and religious matters.
  • He handled public works and trade.
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