According to the source, what was a key feature of Shivaji's civilian administration that distinguished it from the prevailing Mughal or Sultanate systems?
  • he paid government officials a salary from the state treasury instead of assigning them land
  • he establish the peshwa as the supreme authority, wielding power over the king
  • he granted large hereditary land assignment (jagirs) to all his top officials
Ahilyabai Holkar rebuilt the famous —
  • Qutub Minar
  • Kashi Vishwanath Temple
  • Red Fort
  • Sun Temple
What were the 'chauth' and 'sardeshmukhi' taxes levied by the Marathas?
  • Taxes paid by European merchants for permission to trade at Maratha ports.
  • Taxes collected exclusively from Maratha peasants to fund the navy.
  • Taxes levied on non-Maratha provinces in return for protection and non-interference.
  • An internal income tax and a religious tax imposed on all subjects within the Maratha kingdom.
What policy did Shivaji introduce towards widows of soldiers?
  • They were exempted from taxes
  • They received pensions and their sons were offered military posts
  • They were sent to royal ashrams
  • They were given land grants
Which Maratha leader recaptured Delhi in 1771 after the decline of Mughal power?
  • Tarabai
  • Nana Phadnavis
  • Mahadji Shinde
  • Baji Rao II
In the 14th century the Yadava dynasty was overcome by -
  • Shivaji
  • Afzal Khan
  • Mughal ruler Aurangzeb
  • Khilji Sultanate
The saints in Maharashtra who gained popularity at the time who helped translate important texts like the Upanishad were-
  • Dyaneshwar,Tukaram,rajaram,namdev
  • Dnhaneshwar,Tukaram,Namdev,Ramdas
  • Ramdas,Tukaram,shivaji,shahji
What weapon did Shivaji use to kill Afzal Khan?
  • Wagh claw
  • Tiger tail
  • Guns and spears
  • Wāgh nakh
Where is Gingee according to the present day ?
  • Kerala
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Maharashtra
  • Mughal
Which European groups are described as the “hat-wearers” engaged in trade in India around 1715?
  • English, Russians, Norwegians, Belgians, Poles
  • Portuguese, English, Dutch, French, Danes
  • Spanish, Germans, Italians, Swiss, Swedes
  • Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italians, Greeks
According to Ramachandrapant Amatya, which military elements were viewed as the chief weapons of the European traders?
  • Cavalry and archery
  • Fort walls and catapults
  • Navy and gunpowder
  • Elephants and spears
Why is Raigad Fort historically significant to the start of the Maratha Empire?
  • Shivaji was crowned there in 1674
  • It was founded by the British in 1757
  • It marked the fall of the Mughal Empire
  • It served as a European trading factory
Which question best reflects a big historical inquiry about Maratha governance raised in the chapter introduction?
  • Which crops grew fastest in Deccan soils?
  • How many forts existed in all of India?
  • Which monsoon months saw the most rainfall?
  • What were some features of their governance?
Which region is primarily associated with the origins of the Maratha people?
  • Coromandel coast in southeastern India
  • Deccan plateau in present-day Maharashtra
  • Thar desert in western Rajasthan
  • Indo-Gangetic plain in northern India
Which language is closely linked with Maratha identity and has a long literary history since the 12th century?
  • Telugu with classical drama schools
  • Marathi with continuous literary tradition
  • Gujarati with merchant guild writings
  • Kannada with early court poetry
During the 13th century, which dynasty ruled most of Maharashtra with Devagiri as its capital?
  • Khilji dynasty from Delhi
  • Mughal dynasty of Agra
  • Yadava dynasty of Devagiri
  • Bahmani dynasty of Gulbarga
In the 14th century, which power overcame the Yadava dynasty?
  • Khilji Sultanate from Delhi
  • Portuguese Estado da Índia
  • Vijayanagara Empire from Hampi
  • Maratha confederacy under Peshwas
What key feature of the Bhakti movement helped its messages spread widely across India?
  • Use of Sanskrit epics in royal courts
  • Composing songs in languages of the masses
  • Strict monastic rules for elite scholars
  • Focus on temple architecture competitions
Between which centuries did saints and seekers from several parts of India emphasize devotion over external ritualism?
  • 5th to 9th centuries across north India
  • 7th to 17th centuries across many regions
  • 10th to 12th centuries across the Deccan
  • 15th to 18th centuries across western India
Which statement best describes a central idea of Bhakti as practiced by many saints?
  • Political conquest ensures divine favor
  • Personal devotion leads to spiritual upliftment
  • Social status determines spiritual access
  • Ritual purity outweighs inner devotion
Which pair correctly matches a Bhakti saint depicted and their cultural contribution?
  • Kabir—court chronicles of Devagiri
  • Sant Ramdas—devotional poetry in Marathi
  • Tulsidas—Persian translations for Khiljis
  • Guru Nanak—Marathi grammatical treatise
Which term best describes Swarajya as envisioned by Chhatrapati Shivaji?
  • Military rule by mercenary leaders
  • Trade rule by merchant guilds
  • Rule by an external empire
  • Religious rule by temple councils
  • Self-rule under local chiefs
Who primarily shaped Shivaji’s early values and education while Shahaji served the Deccan sultanates?
  • His merchant patrons in Pune
  • His teachers from the Sikh Gurus
  • His mother Jijabai and officials
  • His military tutors and guards
  • His relatives from the Bhonsle clan
What situation in the Pune region made early campaigns by Shivaji strategically important?
  • Infighting among Deccan sultans
  • Mughal peace ensured stability
  • Trade wealth made cities defenseless
  • Portuguese controlled coastal forts
  • Famine reduced local resistance
At about what age did Shivaji begin launching military campaigns in the Pune region?
  • Age twelve with small raids
  • Age twenty-five after coastal wars
  • Age twenty after Shahaji’s death
  • Age eighteen after coronation
  • Age sixteen with planned moves
Which tactic best describes Shivaji’s early method to consolidate control over Pune?
  • Bribing rival chiefs to surrender
  • Capturing neglected forts and strengthening
  • Importing cannons from Europeans
  • Avoiding forts and focusing on ports
  • Building entirely new hill forts
How did saints like Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Tukaram and Ramdas indirectly support Maratha political rise?
  • They spread social and cultural foundations
  • They negotiated treaties with sultans
  • They trained soldiers in warfare
  • They collected taxes for the jagir
  • They formed a royal council of war
Which strategic need led to the formation of the Maratha Navy under Chhatrapati Shivaji?
  • Copy the Bijapur Sultanate’s merchant fleet
  • Compete with European sea explorers globally
  • Protect coastal trade routes and resources
  • Replace land armies with sea soldiers entirely
Compared to Bijapur and the Mughals, what was distinct about Shivaji’s naval approach?
  • He built a full-time coastal defense force
  • He banned all foreign merchant ships
  • He relied only on river boats for war
  • He ignored sea routes during campaigns
What best describes guerrilla warfare as used by Shivaji?
  • Small, fast groups using surprise and terrain
  • Large formations fighting prolonged sieges
  • Cavalry charges on open plains only
  • Naval blockades to starve coastal towns
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