Where did Shivaji arrange the fateful meeting with Afzal Khan?
  • Inside the palace at Raigad citadel
  • At a coastal fort near Sindhudurg
  • At the foot of Pratapgad fort in forests
  • On a bridge near the city of Bijapur
Which weapon is associated with Shivaji’s killing of Afzal Khan in close combat?
  • Wagh nakh or tiger’s claw
  • Double-curved talwar sword
  • Matchlock musket pistol
  • Heavy steel battle axe
What modern term closely matches Shivaji’s night raid on Shaista Khan’s camp with few soldiers?
  • Surgical strike with precise targeting
  • Open-field decisive battle
  • Prolonged urban siege warfare
  • Naval embargo and blockade
Why was the sacking of Surat significant for the Mughal Empire?
  • It destroyed the city for decades
  • It ended all Mughal maritime trade
  • It insulted imperial prestige and wealth
  • It forced Aurangzeb to abdicate power
Which careful action did Shivaji take during the raid on Surat?
  • Avoided harming religious places and Parekh’s house
  • Burned all temples to intimidate rivals
  • Collected taxes but spared the treasury
  • Confiscated only European property
What diplomatic message did Shivaji send to European agents in Surat?
  • Invite them to settle in Raigad
  • Request alliance against Bijapur
  • Offer peace in exchange for ships
  • Demand immediate presents of money
What was the outcome of Jai Singh’s campaign leading to the Treaty of Purandar for Shivaji?
  • He defeated Jai Singh in open battle
  • He conquered Agra and captured Aurangzeb
  • He ceded territory and Sambhaji served Mughals
  • He annexed Surat permanently to his realm
Who persuaded Shivaji to visit the Mughal court at Agra?
  • Aurangzeb invited personally
  • Jai Singh urged the visit
  • A Mughal general insisted
  • Sambhaji requested audience
What clever method did Shivaji and Sambhaji use to escape house arrest in Agra?
  • Bribed the palace guards
  • Scaled the outer walls
  • Hid inside gift baskets
  • Disguised as monks leaving
In which year was Shivaji formally crowned at Raigad with full Vedic rites?
  • 1674 at Raigad fort
  • 1664 at Raigad fort
  • 1681 in Pune city
  • 1670 at Pratapgad
What was Shivaji’s formal royal title adopted after coronation?
  • Shri Raja Shiva Chhatrapati
  • Samrat Shivaji Maharaj
  • Maharajadhiraj Shivaji
  • Chatrapati Raja Shahu
What does the term dakshina-digvijaya refer to in Shivaji’s campaigns?
  • Eastern maritime raids
  • Defense of Deccan homelands
  • Northern mountain conquests
  • Conquest of the southern direction
Which regions were included in Shivaji’s southern expansion after coronation?
  • Malwa plateau and Bundelkhand
  • Bengal delta and Assam hills
  • Present-day northern Tamil Nadu and parts of Karnataka
  • Gujarat and Sindh coast
Which feature most explains why many Maratha forts were built in the Western Ghats region shown along the western edge of the territory?
  • Dense deserts hide supply caravans easily
  • Wide plains allow rapid cavalry movement
  • Steep hills provide natural defense lines
  • High rainfall prevents enemies from marching
Based on the legend, which symbol correctly identifies a coastal fort on the Konkan shoreline near Sindhudurg and Vijaydurg?
  • Black star with thick outline
  • Purple circle with thin border
  • Orange square filled completely
  • Blue triangle pointing upward
Which statement best compares coastal forts like Sindhudurg with inland hill forts like Raigad?
  • Coastal forts controlled sea routes and ports
  • Hill forts protected fishing zones offshore
  • Coastal forts guarded mountain passes inland
  • Hill forts managed ocean trade and docking
Which neighboring power is indicated on the southeastern coast around Puducherry and Porto Novo, adjacent to Ekoji’s territory?
  • Foreign power enclaves along the coast
  • Maratha hill forts concentrated inland
  • Independent Rajput states of the west
  • Mughal capitals in the Deccan plateau
Which river system helps explain the southern limit of the main Maratha heartland around Pune and Kolhapur on the map?
  • Ganga basin flowing northeast
  • Krishna basin flowing eastward
  • Indus basin flowing northwest
  • Brahmaputra basin flowing east
Who became the Chhatrapati immediately after Chhatrapati Shivaji’s death?
  • Sambhaji, the elder son of Shivaji
  • Shahu, grandson of Shivaji
  • Rajaram, the younger son of Shivaji
  • Baji Rao I, the Peshwa
Which Mughal emperor invaded the Deccan, captured Sambhaji, and seized Raigad, the Maratha capital?
  • Aurangzeb, the last great Mughal
  • Akbar, the tolerant emperor
  • Bahadur Shah I, the successor
  • Shah Jahan, the builder king
After Sambhaji’s death, who became Chhatrapati and fled to Gingee in present-day Tamil Nadu?
  • Tarabai, who became Chhatrapati
  • Shahu, who ruled from Satara
  • Nana Phadnavis, who led councils
  • Rajaram, who escaped to Gingee
What was a key outcome of the prolonged Mughal-Maratha conflict during Aurangzeb’s later years?
  • Marathas emerged as a strong contender
  • Mughals fully subdued the Deccan
  • Sikhs controlled most southern forts
  • Portuguese gained coastal supremacy
During rapid expansion after Rajaram, who led large-scale inroads into Mughal territories?
  • Hyder Ali, the Mysore ruler
  • Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa
  • Shahu, the grandson of Shivaji
  • Tarabai, the queen of Rajaram
How did Maratha governance change from Shivaji’s time to the Peshwa era?
  • Became fully centralised under one monarch
  • Shifted toward a more decentralised structure
  • Adopted Mughal mansabdari without change
  • Turned into a theocracy led by priests
What was the role of the Peshwa in the Maratha state during the 18th century?
  • Local tax collector with minor duties
  • Foreign envoy managing diplomacy
  • Prime minister wielding great influence
  • Temple head supervising rituals
Which Peshwa pair was instrumental in pan-Indian expansion of the Marathas?
  • Baji Rao I and Nanasaheb Peshwa
  • Baji Rao II and Nana Phadnavis
  • Balaji Vishwanath and Madhavrao II
  • Mahadji Shinde and Holkar Malhar
What major event in 1761 temporarily set back Maratha northward expansion?
  • Defeat at Panipat against the Afghans
  • Siege of Gingee by the Mughals
  • Revolt in Bengal led by zamindars
  • Annexation of Raigad by the British
Who led the recapture of Delhi in 1771, keeping it under Maratha control until the British seized it three decades later?
  • Ranjit Singh, the Sikh leader
  • Mahadji Shinde, also Mahadji Scindia
  • Sir Eyre Coote, the British officer
  • Hyder Ali, the Mysore general
Which best describes Chhatrapati Shivaji’s administrative style for his kingdom?
  • Military governors holding full power
  • Relatively centralised with paid officials
  • Feudal councils controlling provinces
  • Highly decentralized with local autonomy
What financial support did Shivaji provide for soldiers’ families?
  • Land grants to all veterans
  • Loans for buying farm tools
  • Pensions to widows of fallen soldiers
  • Tax exemptions for entire villages
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