Which coinage action signified Shivaji’s sovereignty and cultural identity?
  • Using only copper with foreign seals
  • Minting coins in his own name
  • Banning all private coin circulation
  • Minting coins with Persian script only
Shivaji’s letter about cutting trees mainly shows what value as a ruler?
  • Strict punishment for disobedience
  • Care for people and environment
  • Preference for rapid shipbuilding
  • Reliance on forced labor for forests
What was the purpose of the ashta pradhana mandala?
  • A cavalry training regiment
  • A guild of naval merchants
  • A council of eight ministers
  • A tax collection network
Who among the following matched correctly with role in the ashta pradhana?
  • Sachiv — Intelligence Minister
  • Pradhan — Commander-in-chief
  • Nyayadhish — Chief Justice
  • Senapati — Chief Justice
Which pair correctly matches minister and portfolio?
  • Panditrao — Foreign Affairs
  • Mantri — Land Revenue Minister
  • Amatya — Finance Minister
  • Sumant — Head of Religious Affairs
What were chauth and sardeshmukhi in Maratha administration?
  • Titles given to provincial governors
  • Taxes levied on external provinces
  • Military ranks within the cavalry
  • Temple donations to village councils
How much was typically collected as chauth from certain provinces?
  • Half of the entire produce
  • Twenty-five per cent of assessed revenue
  • A fixed tribute unrelated to revenue
  • Ten per cent of assessed revenue
What did provinces receive in return for paying chauth and sardeshmukhi?
  • Direct Maratha rule and officials
  • Freedom from any military duties
  • Protection without internal interference
  • Permanent exemption from all taxes
Into which three parts were the Maratha armed forces divided?
  • Infantry, cavalry, navy
  • Artillery, archers, scouts
  • Guards, militia, artillery
  • Engineers, marines, scouts
How did bargirs differ from shiledars in the cavalry?
  • Shiledars recruited from foreign lands
  • Bargirs’ horses funded by the state
  • Shiledars paid by the state
  • Bargirs supplied their own horses
Which statement about Maratha weaponry in the 18th century is accurate?
  • Artillery was banned by edicts
  • European weapons were ignored
  • Only swords and lances were used
  • Guns and rockets were also used
Which leader is noted for raising a large European-style army?
  • Nana Phadnavis
  • Mahadji Shinde
  • Hyder Ali
  • The Nizam of Hyderabad
Which statement best explains why forts were central to Maratha power?
  • They stored surplus grain during poor monsoons
  • They controlled key routes and sheltered mobile armies
  • They displayed royal art collected from conquered lands
  • They trained elephants for use in ceremonial parades
Who emphasized that forts are the core of the state and ensure survival against invasions?
  • Kanhoji Angre in naval dispatches
  • Ramachandrapant Amatya in Adnyapatra
  • A European envoy in travel notes
  • A local kotwal in city records
What was Kanhoji Angre’s key advantage despite Maratha ships being less advanced?
  • Smaller crews trained in desert warfare
  • Alliances with Dutch land armies
  • Superior geography use and battle tactics
  • Heavy cannons with longer firing ranges
What did European powers require Indian ships to purchase for safe passage?
  • Cargo seals checked at customs
  • Naval trade passes called cartaz
  • Harbor taxes issued by governors
  • Guild permits from local merchants
How did the Marathas respond to the European cartaz practice?
  • They banned all European traders from ports
  • They ignored passes and avoided sea routes
  • They demanded passes from Europeans themselves
  • They adopted the cartaz at a lower price
In 1665, how did the ruler of Muscat react upon learning the size of Shivaji’s navy?
  • He launched a surprise coastal assault
  • He surrendered his ships for inspection
  • He retreated into the harbor with ships
  • He signed a permanent trade treaty
Which feature best describes the Maratha judicial system of the period?
  • Severe punishments used for most offenses
  • Efficient justice noted for moderation
  • Verdicts final with no right to appeal
  • Trials conducted only by royal priests
What was the panchayat in the Maratha context?
  • A military unit guarding forts
  • A naval office issuing sea passes
  • A local body of officials and notable men
  • A tax on bridges and ferries
If a party found a verdict unsatisfactory, what could be done in the Maratha system?
  • Request a European judge to arbitrate
  • Pay a fine to reopen the case
  • Transfer the case to the kotwal’s court
  • Appeal to a Maratha chief for review
Which statement accurately describes Maratha foreign trade under Shivaji?
  • Trade was limited to rivers due to piracy fears
  • Gold and textiles were banned from export on state ships
  • Only private merchants could sail to nearby Indian ports
  • Officials owned ships trading to Mocha, Muscat, and Malacca
What transport infrastructure supported commerce in regions like Odisha in the 18th century?
  • Rail lines linking inland capitals
  • Networks of ferries for riverine transport
  • Stone highways reserved for nobles
  • Tunnels under major waterways
What cultural policy reduced Persian loanwords in Maratha diplomacy?
  • Adopting Portuguese as the court language
  • Commissioning Rajya-Vyavahara-Kosha with Sanskrit terms
  • Mandating Arabic inscriptions on royal seals
  • Replacing Marathi with Sanskrit in all schools
Who was the Maratha warrior queen who led armies northward after the death of her husband Rajaram?
  • Jijabai
  • Rani of Jhansi
  • Tarabai
  • Ahilyabai Holkar
What strategic situation prompted Tarabai to send large Maratha armies to the north?
  • Alliance between Portuguese and Mughals
  • Vacuum in north India due to Deccan focus
  • Weakness of Rajput kingdoms in Rajasthan
  • Famine across the Ganga plains
Which title best describes Tarabai’s contribution to Maratha expansion?
  • Mediator of Mughal–Maratha treaty
  • Founder of Maratha naval power
  • Guardian of southern forts
  • Architect of northward Maratha expansion
Ahilyabai Holkar belonged to which influential Maratha family line?
  • Shinde dynasty of Gwalior
  • Bhosle dynasty of Nagpur
  • Holkar dynasty of Indore
  • Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda
For how long did Ahilyabai Holkar govern after losing her husband and son?
  • Twenty years
  • Ten years
  • Thirty years
  • Forty years
Which pair of temples did Ahilyabai Holkar famously rebuild?
  • Brihadeeswara and Meenakshi
  • Kashi Vishwanath and Somnath
  • Konark and Jagannath
  • Khajuraho and Dilwara
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