Why did many saints and seekers prefer bhakti over merely external ritualism?
  • It focused on spiritual upliftment
  • It increased temple revenues
  • It required complex ceremonies
  • It enforced strict caste rules
Which pair correctly matches figure and description seen in the material?
  • Sant Tukaram on a postal stamp
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji on a coin
  • Sant Ramdas on a mural
  • Yadava king on a statue
In which year was Shivaji born into the Bhonsle clan to Shahji and Jijabai?
  • 1645
  • 1605
  • 1627
  • 1630
While Shahji served the Deccan sultanates, where did young Shivaji grow up under Jijabai’s guidance?
  • In his jagir at Pune
  • At a fort near Goa
  • In Bijapur city
  • On ships along the coast
What situation in the Pune region during Shivaji’s childhood caused hardship for common people?
  • Severe drought and famine
  • Loss of trade along silk routes
  • Infighting among Deccan sultans
  • Foreign invasions from Europe
At age sixteen, how did Shivaji first consolidate control over the Pune region?
  • By forming a naval fleet
  • By taxing village councils
  • By capturing neglected forts
  • By signing treaties with Mughals
What term best describes Shivaji’s vision of a sovereign kingdom that grew to include political, economic, and cultural aspects?
  • Rajputana
  • Swarajya
  • Pratapgad
  • Samrajya
Why did Shivaji establish a navy as his kingdom expanded to India’s west coast?
  • To secure coastal resources
  • To patrol rivers in the Deccan
  • To imitate European powers
  • To transport pilgrims inland
Which tactic did Shivaji use to defeat larger armies by leveraging speed, surprise, and terrain knowledge?
  • Guerrilla warfare
  • Open-field charges
  • Mercenary pike squares
  • Siege bombardment
Which Bijapur general met Shivaji near Pratapgad and was killed during their encounter?
  • Shaista Khan
  • Afzal Khan
  • Mir Jumla
  • Aurangzeb
Which Mughal noble led a three-year invasion into Shivaji’s territories before being raided at night?
  • Shaista Khan
  • Aurangzeb
  • Jai Singh
  • Afzal Khan
What tactic did Shivaji use when attacking Shaista Khan’s camp that resembles a modern-day ‘surgical strike’?
  • A naval blockade
  • A swift night raid
  • A prolonged siege
  • A daytime ambush
Why was the sacking of Surat a major insult to the Mughal Empire?
  • It struck a wealthy port city
  • It toppled the emperor
  • It destroyed Mughal Delhi
  • It captured Rajput lands
During the Surat raid, how did Shivaji treat religious places and the house of Mohandas Parekh?
  • He seized the house
  • He looted every shrine
  • He burned all temples
  • He carefully spared them
What demand did Shivaji reportedly send to European agents in Surat, as noted by the London Gazette?
  • Secret maps of forts
  • Support for a treaty
  • Immediate presents of money
  • Safe passage to Agra
Which treaty forced Shivaji to cede territories and send Sambhaji into Mughal service?
  • Treaty of Chittor
  • Treaty of Purandar
  • Treaty of Salbai
  • Treaty of Panipat
At Agra, what humiliation provoked Shivaji to leave the court before his house arrest?
  • Being denied an audience
  • Being accused of treason
  • Being made to stand before Aurangzeb
  • Being forced to bow to Khan
How did Shivaji and Sambhaji escape house arrest in Agra?
  • Digging a secret tunnel
  • Hiding in gift baskets
  • Scaling outer walls
  • Disguised as soldiers
Where and when was Shivaji formally coronated with full Vedic rites?
  • Purandar in 1676
  • Pratapgad in 1659
  • Panhala in 1660
  • Raigad in 1674
What formal title did Shivaji adopt after coronation, alongside beginning the Rajyabhisheka Shaka era?
  • Samrat of Hindustan
  • Maharajadhiraj of Deccan
  • Shri Raja Shiva Chhatrapati
  • Swarajya Peshwa Shivaji
Which regions were key targets in Shivaji’s dakshina-digvijaya after coronation?
  • Northern Tamil Nadu and parts of Karnataka
  • Sindh and Baluchistan plains
  • Bengal delta and Assam hills
  • Punjab plains and Kashmir valley
What small claw-shaped weapon is noted for Shivaji’s close-quarters combat with Afzal Khan?
  • Wagh nakh, or tiger’s claw
  • Talwar, curved sword
  • Katar, a push dagger
  • Bichuwa, a leaf dagger
Which physical feature best explains why many Maratha forts like Raigad and Pratapgad were built as hill forts?
  • Riverbanks provided easier food supplies
  • Coastal sands absorbed cannon fire better
  • Hills offered natural defense and visibility
  • Plains allowed faster cavalry deployments
On the map, which sea most directly influenced Maratha coastal forts such as Sindhudurg and Vijaydurg?
  • Arabian Sea to the west coastline
  • Bay of Bengal to the east coast
  • Laccadive Sea near Sri Lanka
  • Red Sea beyond the Arabian desert
Which city appears within the core Maratha region around 1680 and served as a major inland center?
  • Pune within the inland plateau
  • Puducherry on the east coast
  • Muscat across the Arabian Sea
  • Porto Novo in southeast India
The legend distinguishes territory under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj from territory under Ekoji. What pattern does the map show for Ekoji’s area?
  • Continuous control across the Deccan plateau
  • A narrow strip along the Konkan coastline
  • Scattered dots north of Mumbai region
  • A separate block in the southeast around Thanjavur
Considering ports like Dabhol and Rajapur shown on the Konkan coast, what strategic advantage did coastal forts give the Marathas?
  • Access to freshwater from large rivers
  • Control of maritime trade and sea routes
  • Easier cultivation of inland farmlands
  • Direct command of Himalayan passes
Who held the title of Chhatrapati immediately after Chhatrapati Shivaji’s death?
  • Sambhaji became the Chhatrapati
  • Bajirao became the Chhatrapati
  • Rajaram became the Chhatrapati
  • Shahu became the Chhatrapati
Which Mughal ruler invaded the Deccan and captured Bijapur and Golconda during the early Maratha struggle after Shivaji?
  • Shah Jahan led the Deccan invasions
  • Aurangzeb led the Deccan invasions
  • Akbar led the Deccan invasions
  • Bahadur Shah led the Deccan invasions
During Maratha expansion, their administration shifted from a centralised system to which arrangement?
  • A more decentralised structure
  • A theocratic monarchy
  • A feudal Mughal system
  • A military dictatorship
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