To make vinegar from glacial acetic acid, you should:
  • Dilute glacial acetic acid with water to about 4-8% concentration.
  • Heat glacial acetic acid to increase its acidity.
  • Mix glacial acetic acid with sugar to form vinegar.
  • Add salt to glacial acetic acid to create vinegar.
Based on the solubility curves for compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’ as solutes in water, predict which compound will dissolve more in a given amount of water at a given temperature.
  • Compound ‘A’ will dissolve more than compound ‘B’.
  • Compound ‘B’ will dissolve more than compound ‘A’.
  • Both compounds will dissolve equally at all temperatures.
  • Neither compound will dissolve in water at any temperature.
Observe Fig. 5.6 and fill in the blanks of the following statement: (i) The solubility of compound ‘A’ in water at 20 °C is ________ (less than/more than/similar to) its solubility at 60 °C.
  • less than
  • more than
  • similar to
  • equal to
The solubility of compound ‘B’ at 20 °C is ________ (less than/more than/similar to) its solubility at 60 °C.
  • less than
  • more than
  • similar to
  • not related to
Observe Fig. 5.6 and fill in the blanks of the following statement: (iii) The solubility of ________ increases more than that of ________ with an increase in the temperature.
  • compound B; compound A
  • compound A; compound B
  • compound C; compound B
  • compound A; compound C
What is the process of forming crystals from a saturated solution called?
  • Evaporation
  • Crystallization
  • Filtration
  • Condensation
Which of the following is toxic and should not be touched with bare hands during the experiment?
  • Sugar
  • Rock salt
  • Copper sulfate
  • Water
Fill in the blank: The principle of purification by ________ is based on the differences in the solubility of a substance at different temperatures.
  • crystallization
  • filtration
  • distillation
  • sublimation
Sulfuric acid is required for the crystallization of only some salts.
  • True
  • False
The purpose of adding a drop of dilute sulfuric acid to the copper sulfate solution during the experiment is:
  • to prevent the precipitation of copper hydroxide
  • to increase the concentration of copper ions
  • to neutralize the solution
  • to make the solution blue
Which step involves filtering the hot solution to remove insoluble impurities?
  • Step 1
  • Step 2
  • Step 3
  • Step 4
Fill in the blank: Allow the solution to cool slowly without disturbing it, resulting in the formation of larger, shiny, well-shaped and ________ crystals.
  • blue-coloured
  • irregular
  • opaque
  • tiny
Name two types of crystals you might observe in everyday life as mentioned in the worksheet.
  • Salt and sugar crystals
  • Diamond and emerald crystals
  • Ice and quartz crystals
  • Gold and copper crystals
What do you observe? Did you get crystals? If yes, is this a good way to experiment? Explain.
  • Crystals are observed, and this is a good way to experiment.
  • No crystals are observed, and this is not a good way to experiment.
  • Crystals are observed, but this is not a good way to experiment.
  • No crystals are observed, but this is a good way to experiment.
To test the hypothesis that cooling a hot, saturated solution of copper sulfate rapidly in ice-cold water produces smaller and less well-formed crystals than cooling it slowly at room temperature, which experimental design should be used?
  • Prepare two identical hot, saturated solutions of copper sulfate; cool one rapidly in ice-cold water and the other slowly at room temperature, then compare the crystals formed.
  • Prepare a single solution and cool it only in ice-cold water, then observe the crystals.
  • Prepare two solutions and cool both rapidly in ice-cold water, then compare the crystals.
  • Prepare two solutions and cool both slowly at room temperature, then compare the crystals.
If equal masses of hot, saturated solutions of compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’ are cooled from 80°C to 60°C, which solution is likely to deposit more solid?
  • Compound ‘A’ is likely to deposit more solid.
  • Compound ‘B’ is likely to deposit more solid.
  • Both solutions will deposit equal amounts of solid.
  • Neither solution will deposit any solid.
Will there be any change in the size of common salt crystals if the rate of evaporation is increased or decreased? Explain.
  • Yes, the size of the crystals will change depending on the rate of evaporation.
  • No, the size of the crystals will remain the same regardless of the rate of evaporation.
  • The size of the crystals will only change if the temperature is altered.
  • The size of the crystals will decrease if evaporation is slowed down.
The process can be described as:
  • A sequence of steps to achieve a specific outcome.
  • A random collection of unrelated actions.
  • A single action performed repeatedly.
  • An undefined set of events with no purpose.
Which method was used to obtain panga salt?
  • Evaporation of sea water
  • Boiling concentrated sea brines
  • Freezing sea water
  • Mixing salt with sand
When we allow a solvent to evaporate to get a solute, such as salt from a salt solution, the solvent disappears. However, we may also want to recover the solvent. What should we do then? (Fill in the blank) To recover the solvent, we can use the process of _______.
  • distillation
  • filtration
  • crystallization
  • sublimation
A homogeneous mixture of two miscible liquids can be separated by heating the mixture until the liquid with the lower boiling point vaporises. The vapour is then cooled, turning back into liquid. This process is known as:
  • Filtration
  • Distillation
  • Evaporation
  • Chromatography
In the distillation process, what happens to the vapour after it is formed from heating the liquid?
  • It is discarded
  • It is cooled and turns back into liquid
  • It is absorbed by another substance
  • It remains as vapour
Which part of the distillation set-up is used to cool the vapour and turn it back into liquid?
  • Distillation flask
  • Water condenser
  • Thermometer
  • Burner
A mixture of acetone and water can be separated by distillation because their boiling points differ sufficiently. What is the boiling point of acetone?
  • 100°C
  • 56°C
  • 25°C
  • 78°C
A mixture of acetone and water can be separated by distillation because their boiling points differ sufficiently. What is the boiling point of water?
  • 78°C
  • 100°C
  • 25°C
  • 56°C
What is the name of the traditional distillation method used in Kannauj to make Mitti ka Ittar?
  • Fractional distillation
  • Deg-Bhapka method
  • Steam distillation
  • Simple distillation
India's Scientific Contributions: The process of distillation has been used for a long time for various purposes, including extraction of fragrances from flowers to make perfumes. What is the natural perfume called that is made from the earth fragrance in Kannauj?
  • Rose water
  • Mitti ka Ittar
  • Jasmine oil
  • Sandalwood oil
Ready to Go Beyond: Crude petroleum is extracted from the Earth's crust and separated into different fractions using the process of _________?
  • fractional distillation
  • filtration
  • crystallization
  • sublimation
What is the process of separating components of a mixture with relatively small differences (less than 25°C) in their boiling points called?
  • Fractional distillation
  • Simple distillation
  • Filtration
  • Chromatography
Two products obtained from fractional distillation of crude petroleum are:
  • Petrol and Diesel
  • Kerosene and Water
  • Petrol and Sugar
  • Diesel and Oxygen
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