GLOF and its impact are best described as.
  • A sudden release of water from a glacial lake when its natural dam fails, causing destructive flash floods downstream
  • A gradual increase in lake level due to evaporation, reducing river discharge
  • An oceanic tide that inundates coastal plains twice a day
  • A dust storm generated by katabatic winds on ice sheets
Which layer of the atmosphere is primarily responsible for weather phenomena like heavy rainfall described in the case study of a small Himalayan town that experienced continuous rain and a massive landslide?
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
Before the monsoon in the case study, unusually high temperatures could have intensified rainfall. Which reason best supports this?
  • Warmer air holds more moisture, leading to greater condensation and heavier rainfall
  • High temperatures drive strong offshore winds that prevent cloud formation
  • Warm air reduces evaporation from land and water surfaces
  • Heat causes the stratosphere to mix with the troposphere, stopping convection
Assertion–Reason: Mark your answer according to the codes. Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct. Assertion (A): The outer core of the Earth is in a liquid state. Reason (R): The outer core is composed mainly of molten iron and nickel.
  • (a)
  • (b)
  • (c)
  • (d)
Assertion–Reason: Mark your answer according to the codes. Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct. Assertion (A): Weathering and erosion are the same processes. Reason (R): Weathering breaks rocks in situ, while erosion involves transportation of materials.
  • (a)
  • (b)
  • (c)
  • (d)
Assertion–Reason: Mark your answer according to the codes. Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct. Assertion (A): Most earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. Reason (R): Plate movements cause stress to build up in rocks, which is released in the form of seismic waves.
  • (a)
  • (b)
  • (c)
  • (d)
Assertion–Reason: Mark your answer according to the codes. Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct. Assertion (A): Avalanches commonly occur in mountainous regions during winter. Reason (R): A large amount of accumulated snow becomes unstable and slides down steep slopes.
  • (a)
  • (b)
  • (c)
  • (d)
Which force is responsible for the formation of mountains and plateaus?
  • Running water
  • Wind
  • Internal (Endogenic) forces
  • Sea waves
Which of the following is an example of an external (Exogenic) force?
  • Earthquakes
  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Running water
  • Plate movement
The wearing away of the Earth's surface by natural agents is called:
  • Deposition
  • Erosion
  • Folding
  • Faulting
Which natural agent is mainly responsible for the formation of sand dunes?
  • Rivers
  • Glaciers
  • Wind
  • Sea waves
Which process involves the breaking down of rocks without transporting them?
  • Erosion
  • Weathering
  • Deposition
  • Sedimentation
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