The Rig Veda is one of the four Vedas. Which Veda is considered the earliest?
  • Rig Veda
  • Yajur Veda
  • Sāma Veda
  • Atharva Veda
The term 'janapada' literally means:
  • Where a people (jana) first set its feet
  • A republican assembly
  • A capital city
  • A trade route
Historical sources usually speak of how many mahājanapadas?
  • Twelve
  • Fourteen
  • Sixteen
  • Eighteen
Which mahājanapada gradually emerged as the most powerful, located in present-day Bihar?
  • Kosala
  • Magadha
  • Avanti
  • Vatsa
The Vedic texts, particularly the Rig Veda and Atharva Veda, refer to three assemblies. These were:
  • Sabhā, Samiti, Vidhata
  • Sabhā, Samiti, Parishad
  • Vidhata, Gana, Sangha
  • Sabhā, Gana, Samiti
According to Kautilya, the seven constituents of the state (king, ministers, territory, forts, treasury, army, allies) are together known as:
  • Saptāṅga / सप्ताङ्ग
  • Aṣṭhāṅga / अष्टाङ्ग
  • Chaturāṅga / चतुराङ्ग
  • Pañchāṅga / पंचाङ्ग
The Junagadh Rock Inscription near Girnar (Gujarat) bears inscriptions of rulers from how many different dynasties?
  • Two / दो
  • Three / तीन
  • Four / चार
  • Five / पांच
The 'ballot pot' system used for electing members of village assemblies, described in the Uttaramerur inscription, was known as:
  • Kudavolai / कुदवोलै
  • Variyam / वारियम्
  • Sabhā / सभा
  • Nāḍu / नाडु
The Uttaramerur inscription of Parantaka I belongs to the period of which dynasty?
  • Chola / चोल
  • Pallava / पल्लव
  • Chālukya / चालुक्य
  • Pāṇḍya / पाण्ड्य
The Purūṣasūkta, which contains the earliest reference to the four varṇas, appears in Book 10 of which text?
  • Yajur Veda / यजुर्वेद
  • Ṛig Veda / ऋग्वेद
  • Atharva Veda / अथर्ववेद
  • Sāma Veda / सामवेद
Which of the following is NOT one of the four āśramas (stages of life)?
  • Brahmacharya / ब्रह्मचर्य
  • Gṛhastha / गृहस्थ
  • Sannyāsa / संन्यास
  • Vīrāṭa / विराट
The Alvars were twelve saint-poets of the Bhakti tradition who composed hymns in praise of:
  • Lord Shiva
  • Lord Vishnu
  • Lord Brahma
  • Lord Indra
The sixty-three Nayanmars composed devotional hymns in praise of which deity?
  • Vishnu
  • Shiva
  • Surya
  • Ganesha
Which ancient centre of learning was established in 427 CE, as per the timeline in the chapter?
  • Takshashila
  • Nalanda
  • Vikramshila
  • Vallabhi
The Grand Anicut (Kallanai), a major irrigation structure that is still in use today, was built by:
  • Rajaraja I
  • Karikala Chola
  • Rajendra I
  • Nedunjeral Adan
The 'tri-partite struggle' for control of Kannauj involved which three powers?
  • Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, Rashtrakutas
  • Mauryas, Guptas, Cholas
  • Chalukyas, Pallavas, Pandyas
  • Satavahanas, Kushanas, Shakas
Which title did the Chola ruler Rajendra I adopt to commemorate his conquest of regions along the Ganga?
  • Gangaikondachola
  • Gangaputra
  • Gangaikonda
  • Ganga Samrat
Who among the following was known as the 'Chakravarti' among the Chola rulers?
  • Chakravarti / चक्रवर्ती
  • Gangakonda / गंगाकोंडा
  • Adhirāja / अधिराजा
  • Samrāt / सम्राट
The Tolkappiyam, which refers to a four-fold division of society based on occupation, belongs to which literary tradition?
  • Sanskrit / संस्कृत
  • Pali / पाली
  • Tamil Sangam / तमिल संगम
  • Prakrit / प्राकृत
In the Chola village administration, the small committees that managed tasks such as irrigation and temple management were called:
  • Ur / उर
  • Sabhā / सभा
  • Variyam / वारियम
  • Nāḍu / नाडु
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