Q.1
The goal of database security is to ensure that only authorized users can perform authorized activities at authorized times.
Q.2
A phantom read occurs when a transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds modifications or deletions caused by a committed transaction.
Q.3
A transaction is a series of actions to be taken on the database so that either all of them are performed successfully or none of them are performed at all.
Q.4
A point of synchronization between the database and the transaction log is generally referred to as a stop point.
Q.5
An exclusive lock locks the item from change but not from read.
Q.6
Two transactions that run concurrently and generate results that are consistent with the results that would have occurred if they had run separately are referred to as serializable transactions.
Q.7
The lost update problem is when User A reads data that have been processed by a portion of a transaction from User B.
Q.8
When one transaction reads a changed record that has not been committed to the database a filthy read occurs.
Q.9
The size of a lock is referred to as lock sizing.
Q.10
The transaction log contains a copy of every database record (or page) after it has changed. These records are called before images.
Q.11
Database administration refers to a function that applies to the entire organization.
Q.12
When two transactions are being processed against the database at the same time they are termed concurrent transactions.
Q.13
Locks placed by the DBMS are explicit locks.
Q.14
In optimistic locking, the assumption is made that conflict will occur.
Q.15
Locks placed by command are implicit locks.
Q.16
Resource locking is a process to prevent multiple applications from obtaining copies of the same record when the record is about to be changed.
Q.17
The overall responsibility of the DBA is to facilitate the development and use of the database.
Q.18
The size of the lock is referred to as the lock granularity.
Q.19
A durable transaction is one in which all committed changes are permanent.
Q.20
An ACID transaction is one that is atomic, consistent isolated, and durable.
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