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Q.1
Vital capacity of lungs is .... [ CBSE 2008 ]
0%
a) Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume
0%
b) inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume
0%
c) Total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve volume
0%
d) Total lung capacity minus residual volume
Explanation
The amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration.Emphasis on completeness of expiration. Or The maximum volume of air that can be voluntarily moved in and out of the respiratory system is called Vital capacity (VC) Total lung capacity the volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration; also equals vital capacity plus residual volume. Answer : (d)
Q.2
In which disease, due to flattening of tracheal vessels, alveoli are deprived of oxygen ...[ GUJ CET 2007 ]
0%
a) Pneumonia
0%
b) Emphysema
0%
c) Asthma
0%
d) Bronchitis
Explanation
Asthma: A common lung disorder in which inflammation causes the bronchi to swell and narrow the airways, creating breathing difficulties that may range from mild to life-threatening. It is usually connected to allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity. The muscles surrounding your bronchial tubes are thin and smooth, and they allow air to flow easily. If you have a respiratory problem, such as asthma, these muscles can contract and narrow by flattening of tracheal muscles and alveoli air way. When that happens, it’s called a bronchial spasm or Spasm of tracheal muscle Answer : (c)
Q.3
Body tissues obtain oxygen from haemoglobin because of its dissociation in tissues caused by .... [ MPPMT 1995 ]
0%
a) Low oxygen concentration and high carbon dioxide concentration
0%
b) Low oxygen concentration
0%
c) Low carbon dioxide concentrtion
0%
d) High carbon dioxide concentrtion
Explanation
Body tissue in which the partial pressure of oxygen is less, the hemoglobin releases the oxygen into the tissue because the hemoglobin cannot maintain its full bound capacity of oxygen in the presence of lower oxygen partial pressures. Answer : (b)
Q.4
At the time of inspiration, the diaphragm ...[MPPMT 1996 ]
0%
a) Expands
0%
b) Contracts
0%
c) Relaxes
0%
d) Does not undergo any change
Explanation
When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and is drawn further down into the abdominal cavity until it is flat. Answer : (b)
Q.5
In Bohr's effect, the curve shifts to right when ...[ Bih PMT 2006 ]
0%
a) pCO2 decreases and pO2 increases
0%
b) pCO2 increases and pO2 increases
0%
c) pCO2 increases and pO2 decreases
0%
d) pCO2 increases and pO2 increases and pH increases
Explanation
Bohr Effect decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen caused by an increase of carbon dioxide; the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is displaced to the right because of higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and lower pH Answer : (c)
Q.6
Concentration of carbonic acid does not increase in blood due to presence of ...[BHU 1999 ]
0%
a) Na+
0%
b) Mg2+
0%
c) Ca2+
0%
d) K+
Explanation
When the blood starts to become too acidic and the supply of alkaline buffers in the blood is insufficient to neutralize this acidity, however, the blood automatically seeks out other ways to reach pH balance. Since calcium is a very alkalizing mineral, the body will start drawing calcium from the bones and teeth in an effort to balance the blood’s pH levels. Answer : (c)
Q.7
Myoglobin is found in ....[ CPMT 1991 ]
0%
a) Lungs
0%
b) Blood
0%
c) Muscles
0%
d) Red blood corpuscles
Explanation
Myoglobin is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals Answer : (c)
Q.8
During expiration diaphragm becomes ...[ KCET 2003 ]
0%
a) Flattened
0%
b) Dome-shaped
0%
c) Oblique
0%
d) Normal
Explanation
During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and becomes Dome-shaped, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out. Answer : (b)
Q.9
When oxygen supply to tissue is inadequate, the condition is ... [ WB 2011 ]
0%
a) Dyspnoea
0%
b) Asphyxia
0%
c) Hypoxia
0%
d) Apnoea
Explanation
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. Answer : (c)
Q.10
A large proportion of oxygen is left unused in the human blood even after uptake by the body tissue. This oxygen ....[ CBSE 2011 ]
0%
a) Is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin saturation at 96%
0%
b) Helps in releasing more oxygen to epithelial tissues
0%
c) Acts as reserve during muscular exercise
0%
d) Raise pCO2 of blood to 75 mmHG
Explanation
Excess oxygen also keeps our haemoglobin saturated to about 96% and act as reservoir To be used at any moment if the muscles require oxygen for performing some work. When such oxygen gets exhausted our breathing rate and heat beats increases for supply of more and more oxygen and glucose to muscles Answer : (c)
Q.11
People migrated from planes to hills six months back ... [ CBSE 2012 ]
0%
a) Possess more RBCs with haemoglobin of low O2 binding affinity
0%
b) Possess same RBCs with haemoglobin of high O2 binding affinity
0%
c) Lose physical fitness to play games like football
0%
d) Suffer from altitude sickness with nausea and fatigue
Explanation
At higher altitude pressure is low and availability of oxygen in air decreases. The body compensates low oxygen availability by increasing red blood cell production, decreasing the binding affinity of haemoglobin and by increasing breathing rate. Answer : (a)
Q.12
Fish brought out of water dies because of ... [ CET Chd. 2000 ]
0%
a) Absence of pressure
0%
b) Inability to respire
0%
c) Inability to feed
0%
d) Rise in temperature
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.13
Lungs have a large number of alveoli for ...[MPPMT 1995 ]
0%
a) Having spongy texture and proper shape
0%
b) More surface area for diffusion of gases
0%
c) More space for increasing volume of inspired air
0%
d) More nerve supply
Explanation
A typical pair of human lungs contain about 700 million alveoli, producing 70m2 of surface area Answer : (b)
Q.14
Dead space is ... [ Manipal 2003 ]
0%
a) Upper respiratory tract
0%
b) Nasal chambers
0%
c) Alveolar space
0%
d) Lower respiratory tract
Explanation
Dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it remains in the conducting airways, or reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused. Answer : (a)
Q.15
CO2 concentration is ... [ ODisha 2004 ]
0%
a) More in expired air than in alveolar air
0%
b) More in alveolar air than in expired air
0%
c) More in inspired air than in alveolar air
0%
d) More in inspired air than in expired air
Explanation
During expiration oxygen in dead space gets mixed with CO2 from alveolar air Answer : (b)
Q.16
Rate of breathing is controlled by ....[ kerala 2005 ]
0%
a) Amount of freely available oxygen
0%
b) Carbon dioxide in blood
0%
c) Stress
0%
d) Muscular functions of the body
Explanation
Increased in CO2 concentration in blood shall causeFaster and deeper breathing. Or amount of freely available oxygen. Answer : (a)
Q.17
Which of the following is a correct statement about the gaseous exchange occurring in man?
0%
a) The inspired air reaching the alveoli of the lung receives the blood supply of the coronary circulation.
0%
b) At the alveoli, the carbon dioxide of the inspired air is taken in by the blood, and oxygen is released for respiration.
0%
c) The respiratory membrane has no role in gaseous exchange between alveoli and pulmonary blood.
0%
d) At a particular pressure difference, the diffusion of CO2 across the respiratory membrane is 20-25 times faster than oxygen.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.18
Oxygen binding to haemoglobin is .... ... [ AIIMS 2012 ]
0%
a) Directly proportional to CO2 concentration
0%
b) Directly proportional to CO concentration
0%
c) Inversely proportional to CO2 concentration
0%
d) Independent of CO concentration
Explanation
Bohr Effect decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen caused by an increase of carbon dioxide; the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is displaced to the right because of higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and lower pH. Answer : (c)
Q.19
Dead space air in man is ... [ JKCET 2011 ]
0%
a) 1.5 L
0%
b) 500 ml
0%
c) 250 ml
0%
d) 150 ml
Explanation
Dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it (1) remains in the conducting airways, or (2) reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused. tidal volume is of 500 ml, about 30% of this air is "wasted" in the sense that it does not participate in gas exchange about 150 ml Answer : (d)
Q.20
There are two statements Statement 1 : Carbonic anhydrase is present in erythrocytes Statement 2: In erythrocytes, CO2 combines with H2O and is transported
0%
a) Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is wrong
0%
b) Statement 1 is correct is responsible for statement 2
0%
c) Statement 1 is not correct but statement 2 is correct
0%
d) Both the statement are wrong
Explanation
An enzyme present in red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase, aids in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. CO2 enters red blood cells (RBC) where it combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) which is found in RBC's. Carbonic acid then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+). Answer : (b)
Q.21
A higher CO2 concentration of blood causes ... [ AMU 2001]
0%
a) Slow diffusion of O2 from blood
0%
b) Slow transport of O2 in blood
0%
c) Quick diffusion of O2 from blood
0%
d) Both A and B
Explanation
Oxygen and carbon dioxide move from where there is a large concentration to where there is a lower concentration. This movement is called diffusion. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli, into the blood in the capillaries. Similarly, carbon dioxide from the blood moves out of the capillaries into the alveoli Bohr Effect decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen caused by an increase of carbon dioxide; the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is displaced to the right because of higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and lower pH. A rightward shift indicates that the hemoglobin under study has a decreased affinity for oxygen. Correct answer is Quick diffusion of O2 from blood Answer : (c)
Q.22
Presence of large number of alveoli around alveolar ducts opening into bronchioles in mammalian lungs is ....[CBSE 1995 ]
0%
a) Inefficient system of ventilation with little of residual air
0%
b) Inefficient system of ventilation with high percentage of residual air
0%
c) An efficient system of ventilation with no residual air
0%
d) An efficient system of ventilation with little residual air
Explanation
Alveoli is a characteristic feature of mammalian lungs. The pulmonary alveoli form the terminal ends of the respiratory tree and from these the branches out the alveolar sacs and ducts which act as efficient sites for gaseous exchange. These air sacs provide the total surface area of about 75 m2 Besides the epithelial layer and extracellular matrix, these contain collagen and elastic fibers. which stretch as the alveoli are filled with air and spring back to expel carbon dioxide during exhalation. So, the correct answer is option d. Answer : (d)
Q.23
Blue copper protein complex contained in some Mollusca in their plasma for oxygen transport is ... [ HPPMT 2001 ]
0%
a) Haemocyanin
0%
b) Chlorocruorin
0%
c) Bilirubin
0%
d) Haemoglobin
Explanation
Mollusca is invertebrate animals Haemocyanins are proteins that transport oxygen throughout the bodies of some invertebrate animals. These metalloproteins contain two copper atoms that reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule (O2). They are second only to hemoglobin in frequency of use as an oxygen transport molecule. Answer : (a)
Q.24
Approximate normal composition of alveolar air is ... [ Odisha 2003 ]
0%
a) 14% O2, 6% CO2, 80%N2
0%
b) 16% O2, 3% CO2, 81%N2
0%
c) 21% O2, 2% CO2, 77%N2
0%
d) 10% O2, 8% CO2, 82%N2
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.25
The covering of lung is called ...[AFMC 2005 ]
0%
a) Pericardium
0%
b) Perichondrium
0%
c) Pleural membrane/ pleura
0%
d) Peritoneum
Explanation
The pleural membranes enclose a fluid-filled space surrounding the lungs. The membranes and associated fluid serve to protect the lungs and to provide lubrication. Answer : (c)
Q.26
In anaerobic respiration of muscles, pyruvic acid is changed to ... [ BHU1990 ]
0%
a) Alcohol
0%
b) Acetaldehyde
0%
c) Acetyl CoA
0%
d) Lactic acid
Explanation
In anaerobic respiration of muscles, pyruvic acid is changed toLactic acid Answer : (d)
Q.27
Lungs are not affected by the disease ... [ RPMT 2006 ]
0%
a) Pneumonia
0%
b) Bronchitis
0%
c) Polio
0%
d) Asthma
Explanation
Polio is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. Answer : (c)
Q.28
Amount of CO 2 in expired air is about ... [ JKCET 2011 ]
0%
a) 0.04%
0%
b) 0.03%
0%
c) 21%
0%
d) 4.5%
Explanation
Approximate normal composition of alveolar air is 14% O2, 6% CO2, 80% N2 Answer : (d)
Q.29
Trachea is lined with incomplete rings of .... [ AFMC 2002 ]
0%
a) Fibrous cartilage
0%
b) Calcified cartilage
0%
c) Elastic cartilage
0%
d) Hyaline cartilage
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.30
Residual volume is ... [ KCET 2007 ]
0%
a) Greater than vital capacity
0%
b) Greater than tidal volume
0%
c) Lesser than tidal volume
0%
d) Greater than inspiratory volume
Explanation
Tidal Volume (TV)
0.5L
Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV)
2 to 3L
Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV)
1 to 1.1L
Residual Volume(RV)
1.1to 1.2L
Functional Residual Capacity(FRC) (ERV + RV)
2500 mL
Vital Capacity (VC) [T.V. + I.R.V. + E.R.V.]
3.5 to 4.5L
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) [RV+VC]
6000 mL
Minimal Volume (MV)
500 mL
inspiratory capacity (IC = IRV + VT)
6 L
Answer : (b)
Q.31
Respiratory centre of brain is stimulated by ... [ AIIMS 2000 ]
0%
a) Carbon dioxide content in venous blood
0%
b) Carbon dioxide content in arterial blood
0%
c) Oxygen content in venous blood
0%
d) Oxygen content in arterial blood
Explanation
In healthy individuals the presence of elevated carbondioxide levels in the arterial blood is the stimulant that the Respiratory centre of brain responds to in order to signal the respiratory muscles to breathe. Answer : (b)
Q.32
At high altitude, RBCs of human blood will ...[AFMC 2011 ]
0%
a) Increase in number
0%
b) Decrease in number
0%
c) Decrease in size
0%
d) Increase in size
Explanation
Visitor from plains , will have increased in size of RBS, but natives will have more RBC Answer : (a)
Q.33
How much pulmonary air is expired normally? [ Har PMT 2005]
0%
a) 7%
0%
b) 25%
0%
c) 32%
0%
d) 20%
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.34
What is correct ... [ Odisha 2003 ]
0%
a) Pulmonary ventilation is equal to alveolar ventilation
0%
b) Alveolar ventilation is less than pulmonary ventilation
0%
c) Alveolar ventilation is more than pulmonary ventilation
0%
d) The two are variable
Explanation
Dead space makes alveolar ventilation less than pulmonary ventilation Answer : (b)
Q.35
Vital capacity of lungs is ... [ MPPMT 1997 ]
0%
a) 4.5 - 5.5 l
0%
b) 3.5 - 4.5 l
0%
c) 2.5 - 3.9 l
0%
d) 1.5 - 2.5 l
Explanation
Tidal Volume (TV)
0.5L
Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV)
2 to 3L
Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV)
1 to 1.1L
Residual Volume(RV)
1.1to 1.2L
Functional Residual Capacity(FRC) (ERV + RV)
2500 mL
Vital Capacity (VC) [T.V. + I.R.V. + E.R.V.]
3.5 to 4.5L
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) [RV+VC]
6000 mL
Minimal Volume (MV)
500 mL
inspiratory capacity (IC = IRV + VT)
6 L
Answer : (b)
Q.36
Decrease in pH causes O2 dissociation curve of haemoglobin to shift to ... [ HPPMT 2007 ]
0%
a) Left
0%
b) Right
0%
c) Remain unchanged
0%
d) Oscillate erratically
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.37
Which one has the lowest value? .... [ BHU 1996]
0%
a) Tidal volume
0%
b) Vital capacity
0%
c) Inspiratory reserve volume
0%
d) Expiratory reserve volume
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.38
Which can bind several hundred times more strongly to haemoglobin than oxygen .... [ AMU 2011 ]
0%
a) CO2
0%
b) CO
0%
c) H2CO3
0%
d) SO2
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.39
Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas are suffering from respiratory disorder causing wheezing due to ... [NEET 2019]
0%
a) benign growth on mucous lining of nasal cavity
0%
b) inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles
0%
c) proliferation of fibrous tissues and damage of the alveolar walls
0%
d) reduction in the secretion of surfactants by pneumocytes.
Explanation
Air pollution exposure is thought to potentially cause asthma, asthma causes airway inflammation Answer:(d)
Q.40
What percentage of CO2 is transported by RBCs .... ...[ MPPMT 2011 ]
0%
a) 70%
0%
b) 20 -25%
0%
c) 7%
0%
d) 97 %
Explanation
About 5-7% of all carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma. The remaining 93% diffuses into RBC (where 70% exist as bicarbonate ions and 23% binds to hemoglobin forming Hb-CO2). This affinity to RBC is explained by the abundance of carbonic anhydrase enzyme there. The latter one catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and H2O. Answer : (b)
Q.41
increased body temperature makes oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve to .... [ BHU 2012 ]
0%
a) Shift right
0%
b) Shift left
0%
c) Become parabolic
0%
d) Become hyperbolic.
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.42
At a given O2 concentration, dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin will increase if ....[ Manipur 2007]
0%
a) pH of blood rises
0%
b) pH of blood falls
0%
c) CO2 concentration of blood falls
0%
d) Free fatty acid concentration of blood falls
Explanation
Decrease in pH of blood increases dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin Answer : (b)
Q.43
Skin is an accessory organ of respiration in ...[ CBSE 1990 ]
0%
a) Humans
0%
b) Frog
0%
c) Rabbit
0%
d) Lizard
Explanation
The frog has three respiratory surfaces on its body that it uses to exchange gas with the surroundings: the skin, in the lungs and on the lining of the mouth. While completely submerged all of the frog's respiration takes place through the skin. Answer : (b)
Q.44
Enzyme essential for transport of CO2 as bicarbonate in blood is ...... [ kerala 2012 ]
0%
a) Caboxypeptidase
0%
b) Succinic dehydrogenase
0%
c) Carbonic anhydrase
0%
d) Thrombokinase
Explanation
Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the following reaction: H2O + CO2 ⇌ H+ + HCO32-- Answer : (c)
Q.45
If the CO2 concentration in the blood increases, the breathing shall...[AMU 1999 ]
0%
a) Increase
0%
b) Decrease
0%
c) Stop
0%
d) No effect
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.46
Congestion of lungs in one of the main symptoms in ... ... (kerala 2011 ]
0%
a) Hypertension
0%
b) Angina
0%
c) Heart failure
0%
d) Coronary artery disease
Explanation
Congestion of lungs is pulmonary edema, is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, usually because the heart's left ventricle does not pump adequately. Heart Failure: It's a serious condition that starts when your heart doesn't pump as strongly as it should. When that happens, blood and fluid can back up in your lungs or Congestion of lungs Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia. Answer : (c)
Q.47
Amount of oxygen carried by 100 ml arterial blood while passing through tissues is ......[WB 2012 ]
0%
a) 0.4 -0 .5 ml
0%
b) 4 - 6 ml
0%
c) 14 -15 ml
0%
d) 19 -20 ml
Explanation
0.3 ml of dissolved O2/100 ml of arterial blood + 20.4 ml of Hb-bound O2/100 ml of arterial blood = ~21 mL of O2/100 mL of arterial blood Answer : (d)
Q.48
Partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air is ... [ AMU 2010 ]
0%
a) 45 mmHg
0%
b) 125 mm Hg
0%
c) 100 mmHg
0%
d) 104 mmHg
Explanation
Location
pO2 (mmHg)
Alveoli
80-100 (PaO2)
Arterial blood
80-100 (PaO2)
Venous blood
40-50
Lung Capillaries
20-40
Ambient air
160
Answer : (d)
Q.49
If the thoracic wall but not lungs is punctured ....
0%
a) The lungs get inflated
0%
b) The man dies as the lungs get collapsed
0%
c) The breathing rate decreases
0%
d) The breathing rate increases
Explanation
If the chest wall, is punctured, blood, air or both can enter the pleural space. Air/blood rushes into the space in order to equalise the pressure with that of the atmosphere. As a result, the fluid is disrupted and the two membranes no longer adhere to each other. When the rib cage moves out, it no longer pulls the lungs with it. Thus the lungs cannot expand, the pressure in the lungs never drops and no air is pulled into the bronchi. Respiration is not possible. The affected lung, which has a great deal of elastic tissue, shrivels in what is referred to as a collapsed lung. Thus the man dies as the lungs get collapsed Answer : (b)
Q.50
Inner alveolar surface area of human lungs is .....[ PMT 2000 ]
0%
a) 1 m2
0%
b) 10 m2
0%
c) 100 m2
0%
d) 1000 m2
Explanation
A typical pair of human lungs contain about 700 million alveoli, producing 70m2 of surface area. Answer : (c)
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