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Q.1
Percentage of chromophobe cells in pituitary is …[ MHTCET 2007] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) 15%
0%
b) 25%
0%
c) 35%
0%
d) 50%
Explanation
three pituitary (histochemocal) types of cells: basophils (10%), acidophils (40%), and chromophobes (50%) Answer : (d)
Q.2
Which one is correct …[ DPMT 2007] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) αcell-glucagon, βcell-insulin, δcell-somatostatin
0%
b) αcell-insulin,βcell-glucagon, δcell-somatostatin
0%
c) δcell-insulin, αcell-somatostatin, βcell-glucagon
0%
d) α-somatostatin, β-insulin, δ-glucagon
Explanation
Alpha cells that produce glucagon and make up 15–20% of total islet cells. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to convert its glycogen into glucose. Beta cells that produce insulin and amylin and make up 65–80% of the total islet cells. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating cells to take up glucose out of the blood stream. Amylin slows gastric emptying, preventing spikes in blood glucose levels. Delta cells that produce somatostatin and make up 3–10% of the total islet cells. Somatostatin is a hormone that suppresses the release of the other hormones made in the pancreas. Answer : (a)
Q.3
The hormones controlling secondary sexual characters include … [MPPMT 1999] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thyroxine
0%
b) FSH and LH
0%
c) GH and FSH
0%
d) Testosterone and Estrogen
Explanation
The Leydig cells produce testosterone, which also is responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics of males. The primary function of estrogens is development of female secondary sexual characteristics. These includes breasts, endometrium, regulation of the menstrual cycle etc Answer : (d)
Q.4
Pituitary gland is under the control of ...[ CPMT 1990] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thyroid gland
0%
b) Adrenal gland
0%
c) Adrenal medulla
0%
d) Hypothalamus
Explanation
The hypothalamus sends signals to thepituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production, thus Hypothalamus control pituitary gland Answer : (d)
Q.5
Enlargement of lower jaw occurs in …[ MHTCET 2011] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Acromegaly
0%
b) Gigantism
0%
c) Simmonds disease
0%
d) Cushing disease
Explanation
Acromegaly is a disorder that results from excess growth hormone (GH) after thegrowth plates have closed. The initial symptom is typically enlargement of the hands and feet. There may also be enlargement of the forehead, jaw, and nose Gigantism is a growth defect, similar to acromegaly, the difference between the two diseases being the period in which they occur: gigantism (or giantism) occurs during childhood and acromegaly appears in adulthood. Answer : (a)
Q.6
Which of the following is related to obesity, low plasma Na+, high K+ and increased blood pressure? [ CPMT 1999] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Growth hormones
0%
b) Cortisol
0%
c) Thyroxine
0%
d) Adrenaline
Explanation
In Addison's disease, adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and often insufficient levels of aldosterone as well causes, low plasma Na+, high K+ and increased blood pressure Answer : (b)
Q.7
Tadpoles will undergo metamorphosis if they are Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Fed on Frog eggs
0%
b) Provided with suitable environment
0%
c) Injected thyroxine
0%
d) Injected gonadotrophic hormones
Explanation
Metamorphism in frogs is controlled by the hormone called thyroxine. The hormone produced by the gland called thyroid. For the production of thyroxine, thyroid gland needs iodine. Frogs need to live in water bodies where sufficient iodine is present for thyroxine production. Hence, deficiency of iodine can retard the growth of a larva to become an adult frog. Metamorphism in insects is also a result of hormonal activity in them. Answer : (c)
Q.8
A person excessive urine and drinking much water but his glucose level is normal. It is due to … [ AIIMS 2003] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Increased secretion of glucagon
0%
b) Fall in glucose released in urine
0%
c) Reduction in insulin secretion
0%
d) Reduction in vasopressin secretion in posterior pituitary
Explanation
Reduction in vasopressin secretion in posterior pituitary causes person excessive urine and drinking much water but his glucose level is normal. Answer : (d)
Q.9
Exophthalmic goiter is due to ... ..[ MPPMT 1991] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Hyposecretion of thyroxine
0%
b) Hypersecretion of thyroxine
0%
c) Hyersecretion of thyrocalcitonin
0%
d) Hyposecretion of thyrocalcitonin
Explanation
Exophthalmic goiter is enlargement of the thyroid gland accompanied by exophthalmos, usually due to hyperthyroidism or Hyper-secretion of thyroxine Answer : (b)
Q.10
Choose the incorrect statement:
0%
a) In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from testis.
0%
b) The thyroid gland is the only endocrine gland that stores its secretory product in large quantities.
0%
c) Neurohypophysis stores two hormones secreted by hypothalamic neurons.
0%
d) Glucocorticoids regulate salt water balance.
Explanation
Correct
Q.11
Which one is a gonadotrophic hormone? [ CPMT 2005] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Collip’s hormone
0%
b) Prolactin
0%
c) Oxytocin
0%
d) Luteinizing hormone
Explanation
Gonadotropin This family of hormone includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and placental/chorionic Answer : (d)
Q.12
A substance ADH is …[ Manipur 2006] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) High energy compound formed by glycogenesis in liver cells
0%
b) Pituitary secretion which promotes reabsorption of water from glomerular filtrate
0%
c) Hormone that promotes glycogenesis in liver cells
0%
d) Enzyme secreted by cells of intestinal wall which hydrolyses dipeptides into amino acids
Explanation
Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH) It is released from the posterior pituitary in response to hypertonicity and causes the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation from the tubules of the nephron, thus returning the tonicity of the body fluids toward normal. An incidental consequence of this renal reabsorption of water is concentrated urine and reduced urine volume. AVP released in high concentrations may also raise blood pressure by inducing moderate vasoconstriction. Answer : (b)
Q.13
During summer season hormone concentration maintained at high level is …[ HPPMT 2011] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Glucagon
0%
b) ADH
0%
c) Insulin
0%
d) Relaxin
Explanation
ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in blood. During summer large quantity of water is wasted as sweat Answer : (b)
Q.14
Find the correct answers about body coordination 1.Nervous system 2.Circulatory system 3.Endocrine system 4.Excretory system Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) 1,2,3 correct
0%
b) 1,2 correct
0%
c) 2,4 correct
0%
d) 1,3 correct
Explanation
Circulatory system and Excretory system have no role in coordination hence 2 and 4 is wrong Answer : (d)
Q.15
Hormone involved in discharge of pancreatic juice is ... [ Pb. PMT 1999] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Cholecystokinin
0%
b) Secretin
0%
c) Enterogastrone
0%
d) Gastrin
Explanation
Cholecystokinin hormone involved in discharge of pancreatic juice Answer : (a)
Q.16
Which one is not a steroid hormone? [ CPMT 2009] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Aldosterone
0%
b) Androgen
0%
c) Testosterone
0%
d) Vasopressin
Explanation
Examples of steroid hormones are Testosterone, Aldosterone,Estrone,Progesterone,estradiol, androstenedione, Cortisol, human growth hormone (HGH), Triiodothyronine, Sex steroids, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estriol Vasopressin is a peptide hormone formed in the hypothalamus Answer : (d)
Q.17
Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes …[ HPPMT 2010] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Goiter
0%
b) Cretinism
0%
c) Diabetes mellitus
0%
d) Hypoglycemia
Explanation
Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes Goiter Answer : (b)
Q.18
Which one is not produced by basophils of pituitary… … [ MHTCET 2010] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) LTH
0%
b) TSH
0%
c) FSH
0%
d) LH
Explanation
The basophils secrete FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Thymus gland is related to …[ AFMC 2011] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Na+, K+ balance
0%
b) Immune system
0%
c) Glucose level
0%
d) Ca2+ level
Explanation
The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. T cells defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi Answer : (b)
Q.20
Diabetes insipidus can be cured by administration of ...[ MPPMT 1991] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Insulin
0%
b) Glucagon
0%
c) Antihistamine
0%
d) ADH
Explanation
Diabetes insipidus is a lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), treatment is usually with a synthetic hormone called desmopressin. You can take desmopressin as a nasal spray, as oral tablets or by injection. Answer : (d)
Q.21
At the time of interview, heart beat increases due to …[ BHU 2012] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) ADH secretion
0%
b) Secretion of renin
0%
c) Secretion of adrenaline
0%
d) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Explanation
Adrenaline is a "stress hormones" cause several changes in the body, including an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Answer : (c)
Q.22
Epinephrine is … … [CPMT 1997] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Adrenergic
0%
b) Cholinergic
0%
c) Both a and b
0%
d) None of the above
Explanation
Epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Strong emotions such as fear or anger cause epinephrine to be released into the bloodstream, which causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. adrenergic relating to or denoting nerve cells in which adrenaline, noradrenaline, or a similar substance acts as a neurotransmitter Answer : (a)
Q.23
A mineralocorticoid is … [ MPPMT 1996] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Testosterone
0%
b) Aldosterone
0%
c) Androgen
0%
d) Progesterone
Explanation
Mineralocorticoid are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones. Mineralocorticoid are produced in the adrenal cortex and influence salt and water balances. Answer : (b)
Q.24
hich one exclusive comprises endocrine glands Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Pituitary, Salivary, Adrenals, Ovary, Testis
0%
b) Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenals, Ovary, Testis
0%
c) Salivary, Thyroid, Adrenals, Ovary, Testis
0%
d) Adrenals, Ovary, Testis, Salivary, Liver
Explanation
endocrine glands examples are hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid’s, adrenal glands.pineal body, reproductive glands (which include the ovaries and testes), pancreas. Salivary gland is not endocrine gland Answer : (b)
Q.25
Which hormone controls growth, mental faculties and tissue differentiation? [ Bih PMT 1996] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Glucagon
0%
b) Parathormone
0%
c) Thyroxine
0%
d) Cortisone
Explanation
Thyroxine is thyroid hormones play vital roles in regulating the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones. Answer : (c)
Q.26
Pineal gland is located …[ JKCET 2012] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) On kidney
0%
b) In brain
0%
c) In pancreas
0%
d) Near thyroid
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.27
Which is incorrect …[ W.B. 2012] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Glucagon is produced by pancreas
0%
b) Androgen is produced by ovary
0%
c) Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid
0%
d) Oxytocin is produced by hypothalamus
Explanation
Androgens are synthesized in the testes, the ovaries, and the adrenal glands. Answer : (b)
Q.28
Acromegaly causes …[ AFMC 2011] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Dwarfism
0%
b) Extra growth in height
0%
c) Extra growth in hands, feet and lower jaw
0%
d) Small hands, feet and face
Explanation
Acromegaly is a disorder that results from excess growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have closed. The initial symptom is typically enlargement of the hands and feet. There may also be enlargement of the forehead, jaw, and nose. Other symptoms may include joint pain, thicker skin, deepening of the voice. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Parafollicular cells of thyroid secrete hormone from controlling level of …[ MHTCET 2009] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) K+
0%
b) Na+
0%
c) Ca2+
0%
d) Mg2+
Explanation
Parafollicular cells(C cells) scattered throughout the thyroid gland synthesize, store, and secrete calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin). Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone. Answer : (c)
Q.30
Growth hormone (GH) or STH is secreted by ... ..[ CPMT 1997] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Adrenal
0%
b) Sex organ
0%
c) Anterior lobe of pituitary
0%
d) Posterior lobe of pituitary
Explanation
Growth hormone (GH) or STH is secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Answer : (c)
Q.31
What is true about neurohypophysis … [ KCET 2002] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Stores hormones produced by adenohypophysis
0%
b) Functionless in humans
0%
c) Stores and releases neurohormones secreted by hypothalamus
0%
d) Secretes its own hormone
Explanation
Neurohypophysis the posterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland), which stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin produced in the hypothalamus. Answer : (c)
Q.32
Pancreas secrete hormones Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Vasopressin and oxytocin
0%
b) Insulin and glucagon
0%
c) FSH and LH
0%
d) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Explanation
Oxytocin and vasopressin are the only known hormones released by the human posterior pituitary gland. Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas FSH and LH is synthesized and secreted by pituitary gland, Adrenal Glands produce Epinephrine and norepinephrine Answer : (b)
Q.33
Hypocalcaemia may lead to:-
0%
a) Stronger muscle contractions
0%
b) Kidney stones
0%
c) Cholelithiasis
0%
d) Tetany
Explanation
Correct
Q.34
Damage of thymus in a child may lead to:
0%
a) Loss of antibody mediated immunity.
0%
b) Reduction in stem cell production.
0%
c) Reduction of haemoglobin content of blood.
0%
d) Loss of cell mediated immunity.
Explanation
Correct
Q.35
Gastric secretion is stopped by hormone …[ CBSE 1993] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Enterogastrone
0%
b) Gastrin
0%
c) Pancreozymin
0%
d) Cholecystokinin
Explanation
Enterogastrone are hormones that inhibit stomach processes (in this case, acid secretion) CCK, secretin, GLP-1, and GIPact as enterogastrone Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. Pancreozymi nIts presence causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively, and also acts as a hunger suppressant. Cholecystokinin plays a key role in facilitating digestion within the small intestine. It stimulates delivery into the small intestine of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder Answer : (a)
Q.36
Action of insulin was first demonstrated by … [ KCET 1996] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Banting and Best
0%
b) Darwin
0%
c) Lamarck
0%
d) Watson
Explanation
Action of insulin was first demonstrated by Banting and Best . Banting and Macleod received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of insulin. Answer : (a)
Q.37
Progesterone is ... ..[ BHU 1995] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) An enzyme for digesting proteins
0%
b) Hormone to initiate uterine contraction
0%
c) Amino acid which may be cause of alkaptonuria
0%
d) Hormone concerned with retention and growth of pregnancy
Explanation
One of progesterone's most important functions is its role in thickening the lining of the uterus each month. The enriched endometrial lining is prepared to receive and nourish a fertilized egg. Answer : (d)
Q.38
Hormones act on … [Wardha 2005] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Organ systems
0%
b) Cells
0%
c) Target organs
0%
d) Cell receptors
Explanation
A target cell responds to a hormone because it bears receptors for the hormone. In other words, a particular cell is a target cell for a hormone if it contains functional receptors for that hormone, and cells which do not have such a receptor cannot be influenced directly by that hormone. Answer : (d)
Q.39
Thyrotrophic releasing factor (TRF) is secreted by … [ MPPMT 2002] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Hypothalamus
0%
b) Adenohypophysis
0%
c) Pars intermedia
0%
d) Neurohypophysis
Explanation
Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypophysiotropic hormone produced by neurons in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. TRH synthesizing neurons of the paraventricular nucleus project to the medial portion of the external layer of the median eminence. Following secretion at the median eminence, TRH travels to the anterior pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system where it binds to the TRH receptor stimulating the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from thyrotropes and prolactin from lactotropes. The half-life of TRH in the blood is approximately 6 minutes. Answer : (a)
Q.40
α cells of pancreas are destroyed. The process affected is … [ EAMCET 2002] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Glycogenolysis
0%
b) Glycogenesis
0%
c) Proteolysis
0%
d) Cytolysis
Explanation
α cells of pancreas synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon essential for glycogenolysis which is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen (n-1). Glycogen branches are catabolized by the sequential removal of glucose monomers via phosphorolysis, by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. Answer : (a)
Q.41
Match gland, hormone and function Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Corpus luteum –Estrogen –Supports pregnancy
0%
b) Thyroid-Thyroxine-Regulates blood calcium level
0%
c) Anterior pituitary –Oxytocin-Constriction of uterine muscles during child birth
0%
d) Posterior pituitary –Vasopressin-stimulates reabsorption of water in distal tubles
Explanation
Corpus luteum – progesterone – Option a wrong Thyroid -: thyroxine - take iodine, found foods – Option b wrong Anterior pituitary secrete -growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus Option c wrong Option d is correct Answer : (d)
Q.42
Adrenaline increases ... [ BHU 2008] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Blood pressure
0%
b) Heart beat
0%
c) Both a and b
0%
d) Arteriosclerosis
Explanation
Adrenaline controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and secretion of sweat and saliva. Answer : (c)
Q.43
Catecholamine normally increases … [AIIMS 2012] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Alertness
0%
b) Excessive urination
0%
c) Decreased heart beat
0%
d) Intense salivation
Explanation
Three commonly known catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine. Catecholamines can serve as neurotransmitters, transferring signals from neuron to neuron, as well as hormones, which regulate physiological functions such as your heartbeat and breathing rate Answer : (a)
Q.44
Which of the following hormones stimulates production of oestrogen at puberty … Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) FSH and LH
0%
b) ACTH
0%
c) TSH
0%
d) GH
Explanation
In girls, FSH and LH prompt the ovaries to begin producing the hormone estrogen, which causes a girl's body to mature and prepares her for menstruation. Answer : (a)
Q.45
Glucagon produced by α-cells of islets of Langerhans .. ..[ AIIMS 1996] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Converts glucose to glycogen
0%
b) Converts glycogen to glucose
0%
c) Decreases concentration of glucose in blood
0%
d) None of these
Explanation
Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose Answer : (b)
Q.46
The largest endocrine gland is …[JKCMEE 2004] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Adrenal
0%
b) Thyroid
0%
c) Thymus
0%
d) Pituitary
Explanation
The thyroid gland is the largest purely endocrine gland. It is located at the front of the neck above the top of the breastbone. It consists of two main lobes on either side of the trachea that are connected by a narrow band of tissue called the isthmus Answer : (b)
Q.47
Islets of Langerhans are found in ... [ JIPMER 2002] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Pancreas
0%
b) Spleen
0%
c) Pituitary
0%
d) Liver
Explanation
Pancreatic islets, also called islets of Langerhans, are tiny clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas. Answer : (a)
Q.48
Source of somatostatin is the same as that of ….[ AIIMS 2003] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Insulin and glucagon
0%
b) Vasopressin and oxytocin
0%
c) Thyroxine and calcitonin
0%
d) Somatotropin and prolactin
Explanation
Somatostatin is produced in the pancreas and inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas. Answer : (a)
Q.49
Endocrine glands ..[ JKCMEE 2002] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Pour their secretion into blood by means of ducts
0%
b) Do not possess ducts
0%
c) Sometimes do not have ducts
0%
d) Always possess ducts
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.50
Synthesis of testosterone by Leydig cells is regulated by …[ KCET 2004] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) FSH
0%
b) TSH
0%
c) LTH
0%
d) ICSH
Explanation
LH stimulates production of the sex hormones (androgens) by the interstitial or Leydig cells of the testes and therefore is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH). Answer : (d)
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