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Q.1
Pituitary gland occurs in … [MPPMT 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Trachea
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b) Abdomen
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c) Gonads
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d) Brain
Explanation
Pituitary gland occurs in Brain Answer : (d)
Q.2
Trophic hormones are produced by …[ Wardha 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Anterior pituitary
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b) Middle pituitary
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c) Posterior pituitary
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d) Thyroid
Explanation
Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include: Anterior pituitary. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Melanocytes-stimulating hormone (MSH) Answer : (a)
Q.3
In heart cells, which one a second messenger that speeds up muscle contraction in response to adrenaline …[ kerala 2006] Explanation provided, click on
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a) cAMP
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b) cGMP
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c) AMP
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d) ATP
Explanation
Adrenaline controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and secretion of sweat and saliva. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Which hormone contains iodine? [ CBSE 2009] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Testosterone
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b) Thyroxine
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c) Adrenaline
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d) Insulin
Explanation
Thyroxine hormone and tri-iodothyronine hormone are secreted by thyroid follicular cells of thyroid gland. The major component of thyroxine hormone is iodine. Deficiency of iodine causes goitre in human. Answer : (b)
Q.5
Find out the correct statement Explanation provided, click on
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a) Endocrine glands regulates neural activity but not vice versa
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b) Neurons regulate endocrine activity but not vive versa
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c) Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands
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d) Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.6
A health disorder that results from deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterised by i) low metabolic rate ii) increase in body weight and iii) tendency to retain water in tissues is Explanation provided, click on
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a) Simple goiter
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b) Myxoedema
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c) Hypothyroidism
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d) Cretinism
Explanation
deficiency of thyroxine in adults causes Hypothyroidism and characterized by fatigue, lethargy, mental impairment, depression, cold intolerance, hoarseness, dry skin, weight gain. Answer : (c)
Q.7
Immune disease in which body destroys the ill-functioning thyroid is …[ BHU 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Simmond’s disease
0%
b) Cretinism
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c) Hashimoto’s disease
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d) Myxoedema
Explanation
When the Immune System Attacks Your Thyroid. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid gland, is an autoimmune disorder. That means it is caused by a malfunction in your immune system. Instead of protecting your thyroid tissue, your immune cells attack it. Answer : (c)
Q.8
The hormone testosterone in testes is secreted by ... [ JKCMEE 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Tunica albuginea
0%
b) Sertoli cells
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c) Leydig/interstitial cells
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d) Primary spermatocytes
Explanation
The hormone testosterone in testes is secreted by Leydig/interstitial cells Answer : (c)
Q.9
The hormone that causes gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis …[ Uttrakhand 2001] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Aldosterone
0%
b) Insulin
0%
c) Glucagon
0%
d) ACTH
Explanation
Glucagon acts only in the liver where it stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, thereby increasing blood glucose. Answer : (c)
Q.10
Thyroxine is …[ Wardha 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Follicles of thyroid gland
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b) Stored in follicle cells of thyroid
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c) Active from of thyroid
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d) Stored in pituitary gland
Explanation
Thyroxine is active from of thyroid Answer : (c)
Q.11
FSH is secreted by … [ BHU 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Anterior lobe of pituitary
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b)Hypothalamus
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c) Gonads
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d) Posterior lobe of pituitary
Explanation
FSH is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary Answer : (a)
Q.12
Adrenal gland is derived from …[ MPPMT 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Endoderm
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b)Ectoderm
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c) Mesoderm
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d) Ectoderm and mesoderm
Explanation
THE ENTODERM gives rise to the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts; the parenchyma of the tonsils, the liver, the thymus, the thyroid, the parathyroids, and the pancreas; the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and urethra; and the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity, tympanic antrum, and auditory tube. THE ECTODERM gives rise to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord); the peripheral nervous system; the sensory epithelia of the eye, ear, and nose; the epidermis and its appendages (the nails and hair); the mammary glands; the hypophysis; the subcutaneous glands; and the enamel of the teeth. THE MESODERM gives rise to connective tissue, cartilage, and bone; striated and smooth muscles; the heart walls, blood and lymph vessels and cells; the kidneys; the gonads (ovaries and testes) and genital ducts; the serous membranes lining the body cavities; the spleen; and the suprarenal (adrenal) cortices The cortex of the adrenal gland is derived from mesoderm, whereas the medulla is derived from the neural crest, which is of ectodermal origin Answer : (d)
Q.13
Hypophysectomy results in ... ..[ MPPMT 1990] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Heart attack
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b) Regression of reproductive functions
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c) Death
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d) Poor digestion
Explanation
Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), all of which are produced in the pituitary gland responsible for reproductive function Answer : (b)
Q.14
Chemically epinephrine is …[ Kerala 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Amino acid derivative
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b) Steroid
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c) Peptide
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d) Glucocorticoid
Explanation
Chemically epinephrine is Amino acid derivative Answer : (a)
Q.15
ADH or vasopressin is .. ..[ CBSE 1991] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Enzyme that hydrolyses peptides
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b) Hormone secreted by pituitary that promotes reabsorption of water from glomerular filtrate
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c) Hormone that promotes glycogenolysis
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d) Energy rich compound connected with muscle contraction
Explanation
ADH or vasopressin is Hormone secreted by pituitary that promotes reabsorption of water from glomerular filtrate Answer : (b)
Q.16
Function of pineal body is to …[ BHU 2008] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Control sexual behaviour
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b) Regulate period of puberty
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c) control sleep and wake cycles
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d) All the above
Explanation
Pineal body secretes hormone which Control sexual behaviour , Regulate period of puberty control sleep and wake cycles Answer : (d)
Q.17
Name the hormone that has no role in menstruation …[ WB 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) LH
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b) GH
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c) FSH
0%
d) TSH
Explanation
If FSH stops being produced - so that only one egg matures in a cycle. it stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation (the release of the mature egg from the ovary). Growth hormone (GH) play significant roles in pubertal development, menarche, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and reproduction. Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty TSH, or hTSH for human TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. Answer : (d)
Q.18
Glucagon is produced by …[ AFMC 1993] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Peptic cells
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b) Oxyntic cells
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c) Alpha cells
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d) Beta cells
Explanation
Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of langerhans, in the pancreas, Answer : (c)
Q.19
As per accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, the target organs will … [ Pb PMT 2005]
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a) Continue to respond to hormone but in opposite way
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b) Continue to respond to hormone without any difference
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c) Continue to respond to hormone but will require higher concentration
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d) Stop responding to hormone
Explanation
Receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell. When such chemical signals bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue response, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, the target organs will stop responding to hormone Answer : (d)
Q.20
Alloxan treatment destroys .... [ AIIMS 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) STH cells
0%
b) Sertoli cells
0%
c) Leydig's cells
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d) β cells of islets of Langerhans
Explanation
Alloxan is a toxic glucose analogue, which selectively destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas that is β cells of islets of Langerhans Answer : (d)
Q.21
Master endocrine gland is …[ BHU 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pituitary
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b) Thyroid
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c) Parathyroid
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d) Pineal
Explanation
Master endocrine gland is Pituitary , as it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands. Answer : (a)
Q.22
Which one of the following is incorrectly matched …[ CBSE 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Somatostatin – Delta cells (Source)
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b) Corpus luteum – Relaxin (Secretion)
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c) Insulin – Diabetes mellitus (Disease)
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d) Glucagon – Beta cells (Source)
Explanation
Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of langerhans, in the pancreas, from where it is released into the bloodstream. Answer : (d)
Q.23
Which one is emergency gland? [ AFMC 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Testis
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b) Adrenal
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c) Thymus
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d) Pituitary
Explanation
Adrenal secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones control the "fight or flight response" i.e. put your body on "high alert." These hormones increase the heart rate, increase blood pressure, increase the amount of oxygen you breathe in, and temporarily improve the eyesight. Adrenaline also causes the liver to release extra glucose, or sugar, into the bloodstream to provide instant energy. Answer : (b)
Q.24
Hormone controlling metabolism is …[ CBSE 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) ACTH from pituitary
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b) FSH from pituitary
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c) Thyroxine from thyroid
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d) Adrenaline from adrenal medulla
Explanation
Hormone controlling metabolism is Thyroxine from thyroid Answer : (c)
Q.25
Reabsorption of water in distal parts of kidney tubules/urine concentration is controlled by .. .. [ BHU 1992] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Vasopressin/ADH
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b) Oxytocin
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c) Calcitonin
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d) Relaxin
Explanation
Reabsorption of water in distal parts of kidney tubules/urine concentration is controlled by Vasopressin/ADH Answer : (a)
Q.26
tress/emergency hormone is …[ BHU 2008] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Oxytocin
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b) Vasopressin
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c) Adrenaline
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d) Sex hormone
Explanation
Adrenaline, control the "fight or flight" response in humans or stress/emergency hormone Answer : (c)
Q.27
Hormone that initiates ejection of milk, stimulates milk production and growth of ovarian follicles are respectively known as … [ kerala 2006] Explanation provided, click on
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a) PRL, OT and LH
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b) OT, PRL and FSH
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c) LH, PRL and FSH
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d) PRH, OT and LH
Explanation
Oxytocin(OT) is a hormone that acts on organs in the body (including the breast and uterus) controlling key aspects of the reproductive system, including childbirth and lactation, and aspects of human behaviour. Prolactin(PRL) is the hormone that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. During pregnancy, prolactin stimulates growth of the breast, but high estrogen and progesterone secretion prevent milk production. Follicle stimulating hormone growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation. Answer : (b)
Q.28
Hormone having stimulatory effect on heart is … [ KCET 1994] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroxine
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b) Gastrin
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c) Glucagon
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d) Adrenaline
Explanation
Adrenal secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones control the "fight or flight response" i.e. put your body on "high alert." These hormones increase the heart rate, increase blood pressure, increase the amount of oxygen you breathe in, and temporarily improve the eyesight. Adrenaline also causes the liver to release extra glucose, or sugar, into the bloodstream to provide instant energy. Answer : (d)
Q.29
Which is not produced by anterior pituitary … Explanation provided, click on
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a) FSH
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b) MSH
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c) Oxytocin
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d) Prolactin
Explanation
Hormones produced by the pituitary gland Anterior pituitary Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Posterior pituitary Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin Answer : (c)
Q.30
Mammalian thymus is mainly concerned with ... [ BHU 2006] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Regulation of body temperature
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b) Regulation of body growth
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c) Immunological functions
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d) Secretion of thyrotropin
Explanation
Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, thymus gland, located behind your sternum and between your lungs, is only active until puberty. After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat. and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells Answer : (c)
Q.31
Chemicals synthesised by one organism that affect behaviour of another member of the same species are called …[ PbPMT 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Enzymes
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b) Hormones
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c) Flavonoids
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d) Pheromones
Explanation
Pheromones is a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of others of its species. Answer : (d)
Q.32
Thyrocalcitonin … [ CBSE 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Elevates K+ level in blood
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b) Lowers Ca2+ level in blood
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c) Elevates Ca2+ level in blood
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Thyrocalcitonin: A hormone, also called calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland that lowers the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and promotes the formation of bone. Answer : (b)
Q.33
Hormone are produced by … [ Bihar PMT 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Apocrine glands
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b) Endocrine glands
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c) Heterocrine glands
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d) Both b and c
Explanation
Apocrine glands in the breast secrete fat droplets into breast milk and those in the ear help form earwax.Apocrine glands in the skin and eyelid are sweat glands. Most apocrine glands in the skin are in the armpits, the groin, and the area around the nipples of the breast. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrinesystem that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. Heterocrine Glands are both in dual in function, i.e., Endocrine and Exocrine.eg., Pancreas, Gonads, and placenta. Answer : (d)
Q.34
Hormone controlling contraction of uterus during parturition is … [ CPMT 2001] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Luteinising hormone
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b) Estrogen
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c) Progesterone
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d) Oxytocin
Explanation
Oxytocin Hormone controls contraction of uterus during parturition Answer : (d)
Q.35
Assertion: Prolactin is also called ‘Milk ejecting hormone’. Reason: Prolactin helps in the smooth contraction of the muscles of uterus.
0%
a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
Correct
Q.36
Name the hormone secreted by adrenal cortex which controls water and salt concentration in urine Explanation provided, click on
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a) Adrenaline
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b) Aldosterone
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c) Norepinephrine
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d) Corticosterone
Explanation
Adrenaline which controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and secretion of sweat and saliva. Produced by adrenal gland of the kidney Mineralocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex and influence salt and water balances (electrolyte balance and fluid balance). The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone Norepinephrine constricting (narrowing) the blood vessels and increasing blood pressure and blood glucose (sugar) levels. Norepinephrine is used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure (hypotension) that can occur with certain medical conditions or surgical procedures. produced by the adrenal medulla Corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of energy, immune reactions, and stress responses Answer : (b)
Q.37
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is secreted by ... ..[ JKCET 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Adrenal cortex
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b) Adrenal medulla
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c) Pancreas
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d) Nerve endings
Explanation
Adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids, progestins, androgens, andestrogens Adrenal medulla produces catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine, anddopamine. Pancreas produce hormone glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, preproinsulin, proglucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, growth hormone releasing hormone, gastrin and ghrelin. Nerve endings of magnocellularneurosecretory cells produce - Oxytocin and vasopressin (also called anti-diuretic hormone), the two neurohypophysial hormones of the posterior pituitary gland (the neurohypophysis), Answer : (b)
Q.38
Menstruation is caused by abrupt decrease of hormone ..[ CMC 2002] Explanation provided, click on
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a) FSH
0%
b) LH
0%
c) Oestrogen
0%
d) Progesterone
Explanation
Sudden drop in progesterone causes the thick uterine lining to break down, and readies the body for menstruation Answer : (d)
Q.39
Growth hormone is produced by …[ JIPMER2003] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroid
0%
b) Neurohypophysis
0%
c) Intermediate hypophysis
0%
d) Adenohypophysis
Explanation
Adenohypophysis also called as anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone. Answer : (d)
Q.40
Diabetes mellitus means …. [ JKCMEE 1994] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Increase of sugar in blood
0%
b) Increase of sugar in urine
0%
c) Decrease of sugar in blood
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d) Both a and b
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus means Increase of sugar in blood and Increase of sugar in urine Answer : (d)
Q.41
With increasing age, secretion of which of the following is reduced to half …[ Guj CET 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) HGH
0%
b) Estrogen
0%
c) GTH
0%
d) Melatonin
Explanation
Melatonin helps control your sleep and wake cycles. melatonin production declines drastically with age probably explains many of the sleep disturbances seen in the elderly. Answer : (d)
Q.42
ACTH is secreted by ... .. [ KCET 1999 ] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Adrenal cortex
0%
b) Thyroid
0%
c) Pituitary
0%
d) Adrenal medulla
Explanation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland Answer : (c)
Q.43
Acidophils of pituitary secrete … [ MHTCET 2011] Explanation provided, click on
0%
b) STH and PL
0%
a) STH and FSH
0%
c) STH and TSH
0%
d) STH and GTH
Explanation
The acidophils secrete growth hormones (somatotropes STH) and prolactin (mammotropes PL). Answer : (b)
Q.44
Swelling around eyes and large popping eye balls are observed in an individual who has …[ Guj CET 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Less secretion of thyroxine in adult
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b) Excessive secretion of thyroxine
0%
c) Excessive secretion of calcitonin
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d) Less secretion of thyroxine right from birth
Explanation
Bulging or protruding of one or both eyes is called proptosis or exophthalmos. Exophthalmos is usually used when describing bulging eyes caused by Graves disease, a disorder causing over activity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). Answer : (b)
Q.45
Cortisol is secreted by adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its function in a stress response, it function is negative feed back by ….[ JKCET 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Inhibiting hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin releasing hormone or CRH
0%
b) Inhibiting anterior pituitary’s ability to respond to CRH
0%
c) Both a and b
0%
d) None of the above
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.46
Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect secretion of …[ CBSE 2010] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone
0%
b) Adrenaline
0%
c) Cortisol
0%
d) Aldosterone
Explanation
Adrenal cortex produces hormone aldosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone. So Adrenaline secretion will not affect Answer : (b)
Q.47
Parathormone causes .. [ BHU 2000 ] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Increased level of serum calcium
0%
b) Increased level of blood sugar
0%
c) Decreased level of serum calcium
0%
d) Decreased level of blood sugar
Explanation
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is important in bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time. Hypercalcemia is usually a result of overactive parathyroid glands. Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Answer : (a)
Q.48
Which hormone is a steroid hormone? [ KCET 2009] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Relaxin
0%
b) Thyroxine
0%
c) Estrogen
0%
d) Insulin
Explanation
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble molecules. Examples of steroid hormones include the sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, and progesterone) produced by male and female gonads and hormones of the adrenal glands (aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens). Answer : (c)
Q.49
Compared to a bull, a bullock is docile due to …[ CBSE 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) High cortisone level
0%
b) High thyroxine
0%
c) Low blood testosterone
0%
d) Low adrenaline/noradrenaline in blood
Explanation
Bullock is docile (submissive) compared to a bull due to low blood testosterone Answer : (c)
Q.50
Functioning of thyroid is under the control of TSH except for …[ MHTCET 2009] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thyrocalcitonin
0%
b) Storage of iodine
0%
c) Thyronine
0%
d) Thyroxine
Explanation
Thyrocalcitonin: A hormone, also called calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland that lowers the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and promotes the formation of bone. Answer : (a)
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