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Q.1
Hormone melatonin is secreted by… [ CBSE 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Adrenal
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b) Thymus
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c) Pituitary
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d) Pineal
Explanation
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain Answer : (d)
Q.2
Brain sand occurs in …[ AMU 2002] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thymus
0%
b) Pineal
0%
c) Thyroid
0%
d) Pituitary
Explanation
Corpora arenacea (or brain sand or acervuli or corpus arenaceum) are calcified structures in the pineal gland and other areas of the brain such as the choroid plexus. Answer : (b)
Q.3
Steroid hormones easily pass through plasma membrane by simple diffusion because they …[ DPMT 2009] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Are lipid soluble
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b) Are water soluble
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c) Enter through pores
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d) Contain carbon and hydrogen
Explanation
Steroid hormones are lipid soluble , thus passes through plasma membrane by diffusion Answer : (a)
Q.4
patient of diabetes mellitus excretes glucose in urine even when he is kept on a carbohydrate free diet because … [ Odisha 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Fats are catabolised to form glucose
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b) Amino acids are catabolised in liver
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c) Amino acids are discharged in blood stream from liver
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d) Glycogen from muscles is released in blood stream
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.5
Which are is incorrectly paired? [ kerala 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Myxoedema –Swollen facial tissue
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b) Cretinism –Mentally retarded
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c) Grave’s disease-Exophthalmos
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d) Insulin-Raised blood glucose
Explanation
Insulin helps the body's cells absorb glucose, lowering blood sugar and providing the cells with the glucose they need for energy. Answer : (d)
Q.6
A woman many develop beard and moustaches due to …[Maipal 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Hyper-secretion of adrenal cortex
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b) Hyper-secretion of thyroxine
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c) Hyposecretion of adrenaline
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d) Hyposecretion of thyroxine
Explanation
A woman many develop beard and moustaches due to increase in the level of male hormones or androgens, which are produced by adrenal cortex Answer : (a)
Q.7
Pituitary gland is made up of:
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a) Pars intermedia.
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b) Pars intermedia and pars distalis.
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c) Pars distalis and pars nervosa.
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d) Pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars nervosa.
Explanation
Correct
Q.8
Ca2+ level is controlled by .. ..[ CBSE 1995] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroid
0%
b) Hypothalamus
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c) Pituitary
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d) Thyroid and parathyroid
Explanation
When the calcium level is high in the bloodstream, the thyroid gland releases calcitonin. Calcitonin slows down the activity of the osteoclasts found in bone. This decreases blood calcium levels. When calcium levels decrease, this stimulates the parathyroid gland to release parathyroid hormone. regulates calcium levels in the blood, largely by increasing the levels when they are too low Answer : (d)
Q.9
Cretinism is caused by … [ W.B.2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) hypoparathyroidism
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b) Hypothyroidism
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c) Hyperparathyroidism
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d) Hyperthyroidism
Explanation
Cretinism is due to a diet deficient in iodine the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency. Answer : (b)
Q.10
Spermatogenesis in mammals is controlled by ... ...[ CPMT 1994] Explanation provided, click on
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a) F.S.H. ( Follicle stimulating hormones)
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b) L.H.
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c) F.S.H and prolactin
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d) Growth hormone and prolactin
Explanation
Spermatogenesis can be initiated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. Answer : (a)
Q.11
Injection of glucagon will … [ MPPMT 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Cause hypoglycemia
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b) Cause galactosemia
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c) Increase blood sugar
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d) Cause goiter
Explanation
Glucagon injection is an emergency medicine used to treat severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in diabetes patients treated with insulin who have passed out or cannot take some form of sugar by mouth. Answer : (c)
Q.12
Trace element needed for insulin to exert its maximal effect in glucose uptake is …[ AMU 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Molybdenum
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b) Vanadium
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c) Chromium
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d) Selenium
Explanation
Chromium is claimed to be an essential element involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels within the body. It is believed to interact with the low-molecular weight chromium (LMWCr) binding substance to amplify the action of insulin. Answer : (c)
Q.13
Smooth muscles of arterioles undergo contraction under the influence of …[ MHTCET 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) ADH
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b) ACTH
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c) FSH
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d) PRL
Explanation
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The names of this hormone directly guide you to what its physiologic effects are: vascular smooth muscle contraction (vasopression) and retention of water by the kidneys (ADH). Answer : (a)
Q.14
Hormone oxytocin controls …[CBSE 1999] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Growth
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b)Lactation
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c) Child birth
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d) Both b and c
Explanation
Hormone oxytocin controls Lactation , Child birth Answer : (d)
Q.15
ormones differ from enzymes in being … [ CPMT 1996] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Found in plants only
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b) Found in animals only
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c) Used up in metabolism
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d) Not used in metabolism
Explanation
Enzyme is catalyst, are proteins , enzymes react at the place of origin. Enzymes are not trans located from one part to other part of cell, enzymes are biological catalyst, enzyme remains unchanged at the end of reaction. Enzymes can be reutilized. Hormones are not catalyst, are polypeptides, terpenoids, steroids, phenolic compounds or amines, act at the distant site from the site of origin, most of the hormones show translocation, hormones only initiate the reaction, hormones go in the change of chemical composition. Enzyme can not be reutilize Answer : (c)
Q.16
ndrogens are produced by …[CPMET 1999] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pituitary
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b) Parathyroid
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c) Thyroid
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d) Adrenals
Explanation
An androgen is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone, they are 1. Testosterone produced by the gonads (by the Leydig cells in testes in men and by the ovaries in women), although small quantities are also produced by the adrenal glands in both sexes 2. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol. 3.Androstenedione (A4) is an androgenic steroid produced by the testes, adrenal cortex, and ovaries. 4.Androstenediol (A5) is produced by adrenal glands and the gonads. 5.Androsterone is a chemical byproduct created during the breakdown of androgens, or derived from progesterone, produced by adrenal cortex 6.Dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is produced in the skin and reproductive tissue Answer : (d)
Q.17
Zona glomerulosa or glomerular area of adrenal cortex is involved in … [ RPMT 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Water and electrolyte balance
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b)Carbohydrate metabolism
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c) Steroid and hormone secretion
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d) Blood pressure
Explanation
Cells of the zona glomerulosa produce and secrete the mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of therenin–angiotensin system which controls water and electrolyte balance Answer : (a)
Q.18
Failure of release of ADH causes [ DPMT 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Diabetes insipidus
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b) Diabetes mellitus
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c) Hepatitis
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d) Coronary thrombosis
Explanation
Failure of release of ADH causes Diabetes insipidus Answer : (a)
Q.19
Which gland stores its hormones before their release? .. [ Odisha 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pancreas
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b)Pineal
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c) Pituitary
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d) Thyroid
Explanation
The thyroid gland secretes three hormones : thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin. Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine are iodinated forms of the amino acid tyrosine. They are stored in the colloid that fills the follicles, and are released to the blood when needed. The storage occurs in an unusual place, the extracellular colloid. Answer : (d)
Q.20
Which is not a steroid hormone? [ CPMT 1990] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Aldosterone
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b) Thyroxine
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c) Estrogen
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d) Androgen
Explanation
Thyroxine is a tyrosine-based hormones Answer : (b)
Q.21
Spermatogenesis is promoted by …[ ODisha 2008] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Oestrogen
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b) Progesterone
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c) Oxytocin
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d) Testosterone
Explanation
Spermatogenesis initiated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. Answer : (d)
Q.22
Oxytocin causes Explanation provided, click on
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a) Milk production
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b) Milk ejection
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c) Water absorption in kidneys
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d) Colour change
Explanation
Oxytocin Milk ejection Answer : (b)
Q.23
GH controls growth through .. [ MPPMT 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) rRNA
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b) TRNA
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c) mRNA
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-basecode “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. From above GH controls growth through mRNA Answer : (c)
Q.24
What does not occur in exophthalmic goitre … ..[MHTCET 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Protrusion of eye
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b) Increased heart beat
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c) Nervousness
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d) Degeneration of sex organs
Explanation
Exophthalmic goiter symptoms are Protrusion of eye, Increased heart beat, Nervousness Answer : (d)
Q.25
Addition of trace of thyroxine or iodine in water containing tadpoles will ... .. [ CBSE 1990] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Keep them in larval stage
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b) Hasten their metamorphosis
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c) Slow down their metamorphosis
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d) Kill the tadpoles
Explanation
The thyroid hormone with its essential iodine constituent is responsible for the control of metabolism and also for metamorphosis, Answer : (b)
Q.26
Goiter can occur as a consequence of all except … Explanation provided, click on
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a) Graver’s disease
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b) Iodine deficiency
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c) Pituitary adenoma
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d) Excessive intake of exogenous thyroxine
Explanation
Graver’s disease which may assist in causing goiter Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland controls thyroid Iodine deficiency causes Goiter Exogenous hyperthyroidism is the term used to describe hyperthyroidism caused by ingestion of excessive amounts of thyroid hormone Answer : (d)
Q.27
Main mineralocorticoid hormone?{CPMT 2009] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Aldosterone
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b) Androgen
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c) Testosterone
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d) Vasopressin
Explanation
Mineral ocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that influence salt and water balance. Functions Of Mineral ocorticoids 90% of mineralocorticoid activity is provided by aldosterone Answer : (a)
Q.28
Which one is not secreted by pituitary? [ RPMT 1995] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroxine
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b) F.S.H.
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c) G.H
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d) A.C.T.H
Explanation
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, by the thyroid gland. Answer : (a)
Q.29
Insulin receptor is … [ DPMT 2007]
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a) Tetrameric protein
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b) G-protein
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c) Extrinsic protein
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d) Intrinsic protein
Explanation
Insulin receptor is a tetrameric protein Answer : (a)
Q.30
Hypothyroidism in adults and hyperparathyroidism will respectively lead to …[kerala 2006]
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a) Myxoedema and cretinism
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b) Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s disease
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c) Myxoedema and osteitis fibrosa cystica
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d) Addison’s disease and cretinism
Explanation
Myxoedema A disease caused by decreased activity of the thyroid gland (Hypothyroidism) in adults and characterized by dry skin, swellings around the lips and nose. Osteitisfibrosacystica is serious a medical condition that results from hyperparathyroidism. Osteitisfibrosacystica is a skeletal disorder resulting in a loss of bone mass Answer : (c)
Q.31
Acromegaly is due to hyper-secretion of hormone from … [ EAMCET 2005]
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a) Neurohypophysis
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b) Adenohypophysis
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c) Pars intermedia
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d) Cells of Leydig
Explanation
Acromegaly is due to hyper-secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis ) Answer : (b)
Q.32
Hormone stimulating iodine uptake is … [ MHTCET 2008]
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a) Thyroxine
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b) TSH
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c) MSH
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d) Prolactin
Explanation
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, TSH) Normally, TSH increases the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland and increases production of thyroid hormone. Answer : (b)
Q.33
Gigantism and acromegaly are two defect produced due to improper functioning of .. ..[ CPMT 1996] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroid, pituitary and thymus
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b) Thyroid and pituitary
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c) Thyroid
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d) Pituitary
Explanation
Both acromegaly and gigantism are caused by a typically benign tumor or adenoma in the pituitary gland. Answer : (d)
Q.34
Volume of urine to be excreted by kidneys is well regulated by hormone … [ JKCMEE 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) TSH
0%
b) ACTH
0%
c) FSH
0%
d) ADH
Explanation
ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood Answer : (d)
Q.35
Select the correct match Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pineal gland-Does not influence menstrual cycle
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b) Corpus luteum –Secretes oxytocin
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c) Interstitial cells – Erythropoietin
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d) Cholecystokinin – Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion
Explanation
The pineal gland also plays a role in the regulation of female hormone levels, and it may affect fertility and the menstrual cycle Option a wrong match Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone. Option b wrong match Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in thekidney. Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle. They produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). Option c wrong match Cholecystokinin – Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion. Option d correct match Answer : (d)
Q.36
Pineal gland produces Explanation provided, click on
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a) Glucagon
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b) Aldosterone
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c) Cortisone
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d) Melatonin
Explanation
Glucagon produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of langerhans, in the pancreas Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the zonaglomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. cortisone is a steroid hormone made by the adrenal glands. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain Answer : (d)
Q.37
Hormone with no effect on heart beat is …[ AFMC 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Oxytocin
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b) Adrenaline
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c) Noradrenaline
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d) Thyroxine
Explanation
Oxytocin During labor,oxytocin increases uterine motility, causing contractions in the muscles of the uterus, or womb. Adrenaline causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. Noradrenaline normally produces effects such as increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, widening of pupils, widening of air passages in the lungs and narrowing of blood vessels in non-essential organs. Thyroid hormones increases heart rate, cardiac contractility and cardiac output. They also promote vasodilation, which leads to enhanced blood flow to many organs. Answer : (a)
Q.38
Secondary sexual characters in males develop under the influence of ... [ MPPMT 1999] Explanation provided, click on
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a) FSH
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b) Testosterone
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c) GH
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d) Estrogen
Explanation
Secondary sexual characters in males develop under the influence of Testosterone Answer : (b)
Q.39
Which one is not a neurotransmitter …[ AFMC 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Acetylcholine
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b) GABA
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c) Norepinephrine
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d) Thyroxine
Explanation
Thyroid hormones play vital roles in regulating the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones. Answer : (d)
Q.40
Daily rhythms are associated with …. [ CPMT 1999] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pituitary
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b) Thymus
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c) Pineal
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d) Hypothalamus
Explanation
The pineal gland or epiphysis synthesizes and secretes melatonin has the ability to entrain biological rhythms and has important effects on reproductive function of many animals. Answer : (c)
Q.41
antiageing hormone is …[ CPMT 2001] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroxine
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b) Melatonin
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c) Estrogen
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d) Testosterone
Explanation
Melatonin also has antioxidant properties, and may have an important anti-aging role Answer : (b)
Q.42
Tetany is caused by … .. [ AFMC 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Hypoparathyroidism
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b) Hyperparathyroidism
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c) Hypothyroidism
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d) Hyperthyroidism
Explanation
Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction), Answer : (a)
Q.43
Pineal body develops from … [ MHTCET 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Dorsal part of diencephalon
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b) Ventral part of diencephalon
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c) Ventral side of cerebellum
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d) Lateral side of cerebrum
Explanation
The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to anterior forebrain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and pineal gland. Answer : (a)
Q.44
Somatostatin is produced by ……. Cells of pancreas ..[ Manipal 2004] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Alfa
0%
b) Beta
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c) Delta
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d) Acinar
Explanation
In the pancreas, somatostatin is produced by the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans, where it serves to block the secretion of both insulin and glucagon from adjacent cells. Answer : (c)
Q.45
Which of the following hormones are produced in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary? ..[ KCET 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) ADH and oxytocin
0%
b) FSH and LH
0%
c) TSH and STH
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d) ACTH and MSH
Explanation
The ADH and oxytocin hormone are both stored and released from the posterior pituitary gland. Answer : (a)
Q.46
Testosterone is produced by … ..[ CBSE 1993] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Sertoli cells
0%
b) Leydig cells
0%
c) Oxyntic cells
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d) Pituitary gland
Explanation
Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle. They produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH) Answer : (b)
Q.47
Posterior lobe of pituitary contains cells called …[ MHTCET 2008] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Acidophils
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b) Basophils
0%
c) Chromophils
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d) Pituicytes
Explanation
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is largely made of nerve fibers, with supportive astrocytic glial cells, called pituicytes Answer : (d)
Q.48
The gland which is exocrine and endocrine is ... .[ MPPMT 2002] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pituitary
0%
b) Liver
0%
c) Adrenal
0%
d) Pancreas
Explanation
The pancreas is a dual-function gland, having features of both endocrine and exocrine glands. Endocrine: The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is made up of cell clusters called islets of Langerhans. They play an imperative role in glucose metabolism and regulation of blood glucose concentration. Exocrine: pancreas also functions as an exocrine gland that assists the digestive system. It secretes pancreatic fluid that contains digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats) in the chyme. Answer : (d)
Q.49
Which hormone does not contain polypeptide? … [ KCET 2009] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Oxytocin
0%
b) Prostaglandins
0%
c) Insulin
0%
d) ADH
Explanation
Oxytocin, ADH, Insulin are peptide hormone. The prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds Answer : (b)
Q.50
Hormone that increases blood calcium level and decreases its excretion by kidney is … [ DPMT 2009] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thyroxine
0%
b) Parathormone
0%
c) Calcitonin
0%
d) Insulin
Explanation
When the blood calcium level is too low, PTH is released to bring the calcium level back up to normal. When the calcium level is normal or gets a little too high, normal parathyroid will stop releasing PTH. Proper calcium balance is crucial to the normal functioning of the heart, nervous system, kidneys, and bones. Answer : (b)
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