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Quiz 6
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Q.1
Under secretion of cortisol (corticoids) produces a disease known as … Explanation provided, click on
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a) Addison’s disease
0%
b) Haemophilia
0%
c) Anaemia
0%
d) Mental retardation
Explanation
Disorders of cortisol produce Cushing's syndrome or hypercortisolism: Excessive levels of cortisol in the blood. Hypocortisolism: Insufficient levels of cortisol in the blood. Addison's disease arises from problems with the adrenal gland such that not enough of the steroid hormone cortisol. Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism Answer : (a)
Q.2
Secretion of mineralocorticoids is under control of … [ MHTCET 2009] Explanation provided, click on
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a) FSH
0%
b) TSH
0%
c) ADH
0%
d) ACTH
Explanation
The mineralocorticoid get their name from their effect on mineral metabolism. Aldosterone is produced in the zonaglomerulosa of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion is mediated principally by angiotensin II but also by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and local potassium levels. Answer : (d)
Q.3
Which is not involved in tyrosine metabolism? [ CPMT 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Calcitonin
0%
b) Melanin
0%
c) Thyroxine
0%
d) Epinephrine
Explanation
Tyrosine is an amino acid that is a precursor of several neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, hormones thyroxine, and melanin Answer : (a)
Q.4
Hormone regulating calcium and phosphorous metabolism in the body is secreted by ... .. [ AFMC 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroid
0%
b) Parathyroid
0%
c) Thymus
0%
d) Pancreas
Explanation
The hormones calcitriol, calcitonin and parathyroid regulate body calcium. Hormones that modify the renal handling of phosphate are parathyroid hormone, thyroid hormone, growth hormone, glucocorticoid and vitamin D. In contrast to calcium, the kidney plays an important role in the maintenance of phosphate balance. Answer : (b)
Q.5
Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to … Explanation provided, click on
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a) Loss of pancreatic beta cells
0%
b) Resistance to insulin
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c) Malnutrition
0%
d) Obesity
Explanation
Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to, the body's immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses — mistakenly destroys insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells in the pancreas. The primary function of a beta cell is to store and release insulin Answer : (a)
Q.6
What is correct …[ CBSE 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Secretion of thymosin increases with age
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b) Glucagon secreted by β cells of islets of Langerhans stimulates glycogenolysis
0%
c) FSH binds with specific receptors over ovarian cell membrane
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d) FSH stimulates secretion of Estrogen and Progesterone
Explanation
Thymosin is secreted by the thymus gland, and its mainly important because it stimulates the development of T lymphocytes. beta cells (B cells) produce insulin to suppresses the release of glucagon Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH binds with specific receptors over ovarian cell membrane . Option ‘c’ is correct. In women, this hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation. It also increases oestradiol production. In men, follicle stimulating hormone acts on the Sertoli cells of the testes to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis). Answer : (c)
Q.7
Cancer of parafollicular or C-cells of thyroid is … [AFMC 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Follicular cancer
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b) Medullary cancer
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c) Papillary cancer
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d) Anaplastic cancer
Explanation
Parafollicular cell. Parafollicular cells (also called C cells) are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid which primary function is to secrete calcitonin. They are located adjacent to the thyroid follicles and reside in the connective tissue. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a form of thyroidcarcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common type of thyroid cancer Invasion into vascular structures (veins and arteries) within the thyroid gland is common. Papillary thyroid cancer is also be called “papillary thyroid carcinoma” since carcinoma implies a certain type of cancer. Papillary carcinoma typically arises as a solid, irregular or cystic mass that comes from otherwise normal thyroid tissue. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a form of thyroid cancer which has a very poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and resistance to cancer treatments. Anaplastic tumors have a high mitotic rate and lymphovascular invasion.[2] They rapidly invade surrounding tissues (such as the trachea) Answer : (b)
Q.8
Erythropoietin stimulates Explanation provided, click on
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a) Osmoregulation
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b) Formation of RBC
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c) Reduces blood pressure
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d) GiP
Explanation
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. The kidney cells that make erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels through the kidney. Answer : (b)
Q.9
Complete failure of the anterior lobe of pituitary causes ... .. [ JIPMER 2004] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Addison's disease
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b) Acromegaly
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c) Cushining's disease
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d) Simmond's disease
Explanation
Simmonds' disease or pituitary cachexia is a syndrome ascribed to destruction or physiological exhaustion of the anterior lobe of pituitary. Answer : (d)
Q.10
Which one is a mixed gland ..[ ODisha 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroid
0%
b) Pituitary
0%
c) Adrenal
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d) Pancreas
Explanation
The pancreas is a gland with both endocrine (insulin production) and exocrine (production of digestive enzymes) functions Answer : (d)
Q.11
A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake in front. What happens to his neurohormonal control system …[ CBSE 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Sympathetic nervous system activated, releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla
0%
b) Activation of sympathetic nervous system releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex
0%
c) Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across synaptic cleft
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d) Hypothalamus activates parasympathetic nervous system
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.12
Which among the following hormones is not secreted by adenohypophysis Explanation provided, click on
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a) FSH
0%
b) ICSH
0%
c) LH
0%
d) hCG
Explanation
The anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis ) secretes six hormones. In this lesson, you will learn the functions of the hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropichormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Answer : (d)
Q.13
Somatostatin is produced by …[ HPPMT 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Adenohypophysis
0%
b) Neurohypophysis
0%
c) Pineal gland
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d) Basal part of diencephalon
Explanation
Somatostatin from the hypothalamus inhibits the pituitary gland's secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone. In addition, somatostatin is produced in the pancreas and inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon. The diencephalon of the brain consists of structures that are on either side of the third ventricle, and includes the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus and the subthalamus. Answer : (d)
Q.14
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by ... ...[ AFC 1993] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Thyroid gland
0%
b) Anterior pituitary
0%
c) Posterior pituitary
0%
d) Gonad
Explanation
FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body Answer : (b)
Q.15
In human adult females, oxytocin …[ CBSE 2008] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Stimulates pituitary to secrete vasopressin
0%
b) Causes strong uterine contractions during parturition
0%
c) Is secreted by anterior pituitary
0%
d) Stimulates growth of mammary glands
Explanation
In human adult females, oxytocin, causes strong uterine contractions during parturition Answer : (b)
Q.16
Hormone connected with osmoregulation/concentration of urine or reabsorption of water by nephron is ... [ CPMT 1991]
0%
a) Parathormone
0%
b) Vasopressin
0%
c) Oxytocin
0%
d) Androgen
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.17
Which one is not a function of insulin …[ KCET 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Increase in permeability of cell membrane to glucose
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b) Initiates the conversion of glycogen to glucose
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c) Increases oxidation of glucose in cells
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d) Initiates the formation of hepatic glycogen from excess of glucose
Explanation
Insulin regulates how the body uses and stores glucose and fat. Many of the body’s cells rely on insulin to take glucose from the blood for energy. Option a, c and d are function of Insulin Phosphorylase a is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers Answer : (b)
Q.18
Effect of thyroxine on B.M.R is … [ CPMT1992] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Increase
0%
b) Decrease
0%
c) Uncertain
0%
d) No effect
Explanation
Thyroid hormones stimulate diverse metabolic activities most tissues, leading to an increase in basal metabolic rate. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Decreased level of Estrogen is common cause of …[ kerala 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Myasthenia gravis
0%
b) Tetany
0%
c) Osteoporosis
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d) Gout
Explanation
Low estrogen levels in women (which may occur in menopause or with early surgical removal of both ovaries) cause Osteoporosis Answer : (c)
Q.20
Ovarian hormones are usually ... .. Explanation provided, click on
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a) Proteinaceous
0%
b) Amines
0%
c) Steroids
0%
d) Modified amino acids
Explanation
Ovarian hormones are usually Steroids Answer : (c)
Q.21
Pituicytes are under control of …[ Odisha 2012] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Adenohypophysis
0%
b) Neurohypophysis
0%
c) Hypothalamus
0%
d) Pineal
Explanation
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is largely made of nerve fibers, with supportive astrocytes glial cells, called pituicytes. This lobe was formed by the expansion of the fiber tract containing axons from neurons in the hypothalamus. Their main role is to assist in the storage and release of hormones of the posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production Answer : (c)
Q.22
Somatostatin ….[DPMT 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Stimulates glucagon release and inhibits insulin release
0%
b) Stimulates release of insulin and glucagon
0%
c) Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon
0%
d) Inhibits glucagon release and stimulates insulin release
Explanation
Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone–inhibiting hormone (GHIH) Somatostatin from the hypothalamus inhibits the pituitary gland's secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone. In addition, somatostatin is produced in the pancreas and inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Answer : (c)
Q.23
Hormone is …[MPPMT 1998] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Enzyme
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b) Chemical messenger
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c) Excretory product
0%
d) Glandular secretion
Explanation
Hormone is Chemical messenger Answer : (b)
Q.24
Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of …. [ CBSE 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Cretinism
0%
b) Simple goiter
0%
c) Thyrotoxicosis
0%
d) Toxic goiter
Explanation
Cretinism is due to a diet deficient in iodine. Goitre is caused by deficiency of iodine in diet. Iodine is needed for the synthesis of thyroxine. Toxic agents present in food interfere with thyroxine synthesis and lead to goitre. Main cause of thyrotoxicosis is hyperthyroidism, which is an overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in it producing excess levels of thyroid hormones. If the hyperthyroidism is due to an autoimmunecause, it is called Graves' disease. Toxic goiter is due to hyperthyroidism Answer : (b)
Q.25
In emergency, blood pressure is controlled by ... [ CET Chd. 2002 ] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thymus
0%
b) Adrenal
0%
c) Thyroid
0%
d) Corpus luteum
Explanation
In emergency, blood pressure is controlled by Adrenal Answer : (b)
Q.26
Which one is not a placental hormone ..[ JKCMEE 2011] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Progesterone
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b) hCG
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c) hCS
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d) Melatonin
Explanation
Placental hormone are Estrogen, Progesterone and hCG Answer : (d)
Q.27
Parathormone influence calcium absorption in small intestine by regulating metabolism of …[ AMU 2010] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Vitamin C
0%
b) Vitamin D
0%
c) Vitamin B
0%
d) Enterogastrone
Explanation
Effect of vitamin D is to facilitate absorption of calcium from the small intestine. In concert with parathyroid hormone, Answer : (b)
Q.28
Steroid hormones, estrogen and testosterone, bind to …[ DPMT 2009] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Membrane ion channels
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b) Enzyme-linked membrane receptors
0%
c) G-Protein linked membrane receptors
0%
d) Cytoplasmic receptors
Explanation
Steroid hormone receptors are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and also on the plasma membrane of target cells. They are generally intracellular receptors typically cytoplasmic or nuclear and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days. Answer : (d)
Q.29
RAAS secretes … [ DPMT 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Glucocorticoids
0%
b) Mineralocorticoids
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c) Both a and b
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d) None of the above
Explanation
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. involved in the regulation of systemic blood pressure, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Renin is secreted from juxtaglomerular kidney cells. Angiotensin I is produced by the action of renin on a protein called angiotensinogen, which is formed by the liver. Angiotensin I is transformed into angiotensin II in the blood by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). aldosterone in the zonaglomerulosa of the adrenal cortex is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system. Five classes of steroid hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progestin, androgens, and estrogens. Answer : (d)
Q.30
Corpus luteum is a source of ... [ DPMT 2007] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Luteinising hormone
0%
b) Estrogen
0%
c) Progesterone
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d) Both B and C
Explanation
The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively Answer : (c)
Q.31
Graves’ disease is due to …[ DPMT 2005] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Hyperactivity of thymus
0%
b) Hypoactivity of thymus
0%
c) Hyperactivity of thyroid
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d) Hypoactivity of thyroid
Explanation
Graves’ disease is due to Hyperactivity of thyroid Answer : (c)
Q.32
Prolactin is secreted by … [ CPMT 2004] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Neurohypophysis
0%
b) Adenohypophysis
0%
c) Adrenal cortex
0%
d) Adrenal medulla
Explanation
Prolactin, also called luteotropic hormone (LTH) or luteotropin, a protein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis ) of mammals that acts with other hormones to initiate secretion of milk by the mammary glands. Answer : (b)
Q.33
Substances formed at one place and expressing effect at a distant place are called …[ Uttarkhand 2001] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Pheromones
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b) Enzymes
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c) WBC
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d) Hormones
Explanation
Substances formed at one place and expressing effect at a distant place are called Hormones Answer : (d)
Q.34
Cholecystokinin and enterocrinin are secreted by … [ CBSE 1999] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Intestine
0%
b) Pancreas
0%
c) Adrenal cortex
0%
d) Thyroid
Explanation
Cholecystokinin, is synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum. Enterocrinin is secreted from the duodenum in response to the arrival of chyme from the stomach. Answer : (a)
Q.35
Iodine taken in diet is stored in .. ..[ RPMT 1995] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Liver cells
0%
b) Muscle cells
0%
c) Brain cells
0%
d) Thyroid cells
Explanation
Iodine taken in diet is stored in Thyroid cells Answer : (d)
Q.36
Hormones of adrenal cortex are synthesised from …[ CPMT 2000] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Tyrosine
0%
b)Tryptophan
0%
c) Cholesterol
0%
d) Glycoproteins
Explanation
Adrenal cortex hormones are considered steroid hormones because of the shared characteristic of a cholesterol backbone. Answer : (c)
Q.37
Restlessness, intolerance to temperature and increased metabolism is due to …. [ JIPMER 1999] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thyrotoxicosis
0%
b) ACTH deficiency
0%
c) Pituitary deficiency
0%
d) Calcitonin deficiency
Explanation
Pituitary deficiency Symptoms ACTH deficiency: Symptoms include fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, weakness, depression, nausea, or vomiting. TSH deficiency: Symptoms include constipation, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, decreased energy, and muscle weakness or aching Answer : (c)
Q.38
… …accelerates heart due to stimulation of adrenal medulla by sympathetic nerves..[ Odisha 2010] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Adrenaline
0%
b) Vasopressin
0%
c) Thyroxine
0%
d) Collip’s hormone
Explanation
Adrenaline accelerates heart due to stimulation of adrenal medulla by sympathetic nerves Answer : (a)
Q.39
Which is accumulation and release centre of neurohormones? [ CBSE 2006] Explanation provided, click on
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a) Posterior pituitary
0%
b) Anterior pituitary
0%
c) Interior lobe of pituitary
0%
d) Hypothalamus
Explanation
The neurohormone in most mammals include oxytocin and vasopressin, both of which are produced in the hypothalamic region of the brain and secreted into the blood by the neurohypophysis (part of the pituitary gland). A second group of neurohormone, called releasing hormones, also originates in the hypothalamus. The members of this group, however, are transmitted within the neural cells to a second locus in the brain, from which they pass in the bloodstream to the adenohypophysis, which also is a part of the pituitary gland. There they either stimulate or inhibit the release of the various adenohypophysial hormones. A third group of neurohormone includes the enkephalins and other endorphins. The endorphins are effective in relieving pain, a property apparently related to their function as neurotransmitters, passing nerve impulses from one neuron to another. Their neurohormonal activity is manifested by their stimulation of the secretion of somatotropin and vasopressin by an indirect process involving a site (other than the secretory neuron) in the central nervous system. Answer : (a)
Q.40
Hypokalemia is caused by deficiency of which mineral …[ MPPMT 2011] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Calcium
0%
b) Sodium
0%
c) Potassium
0%
d) Phosphorus
Explanation
Hypokalemia is caused by deficiency of Potassium mineral Answer : (c)
Q.41
Endocrine gland responsible for immunity is … ..[ MPPMT 1999] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Pineal
0%
b) Thymus
0%
c) Pituitary
0%
d) Adrenal
Explanation
The function of the thymus gland is to generate mature T lymphocytes (white blood cels that help the immune system fight off illness). Answer : (b)
Q.42
Deficiency of thyroxine / hypothyroidism in adults results in ... .... [ Har. P.M.T. 2005] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Diabetes mellitus
0%
b) Diabetes insipidus
0%
c) Myxoedema
0%
d) Exophthalmic goiter
Explanation
Myxedema coma is a loss of brain function as a result of severe, longstanding low level of thyroid hormone in the blood (hypothyroidism). Answer : (c)
Q.43
Which one is not involved as secondary messenger in Ca2+ mediated hormone …[ DPMT 2007] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) cAMP
0%
b) DAG
0%
c) IP3
0%
d) Phospholipase
Explanation
second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, DAG, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, IP3 and calcium Answer : (d)
Q.44
Which one is a protein hormone ..[ Odisha 2007] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Cortisol
0%
b) Thyroxine/insulin
0%
c) Estrogen
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
Cortisol , Estrogen is a steroid hormone,. Thyroxine/insulin are amino acid-derived hormone Answer : (b)
Q.45
A cleft occurs in hypophysis between …[ MHTCET 2008] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Median eminence and stalk
0%
b) Hypophysial stalk and pars nervosa
0%
c) Pars tuberalis and pars distalis
0%
d) Parts distalis and pars intermedia
Explanation
hypophysis is another name of pituitary Answer : (d)
Q.46
Which one of the following pairs includes only endocrine glands? [ CBSE 2008] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thymus and testes
0%
b) Adrenal and ovary
0%
c) Parathyroid and adrenals
0%
d) Pancreas and parathyroid
Explanation
The glands of the endocrine system are: Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes Answer : (c)
Q.47
Continued secretion of milk is maintained by Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Prolactin
0%
b) LH
0%
c) Relaxin
0%
d) STH
Explanation
Continued secretion of milk is maintained by Prolactin Answer : (a)
Q.48
Element present in thyroxine is got from ..[ BHU 2007] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Laminaria
0%
b) Polysiphonia
0%
c) Porphyra
0%
d) Gelidium
Explanation
Laminaria is a species of brown algae. Laminaria is a main source of the rare element, iodine, which is commonly used to promote thyroid health Answer : (a)
Q.49
Parathormone deficiency causes … [ MPPMT 1997 Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Goiter
0%
b) Hypocalcaemia
0%
c) Hypercalcaemia
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
Deficiency of parathormone results in abnormally low calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia). Answer : (b)
Q.50
Conn’s disease is caused by hyper-secretion of … [ Pb PMT 2007] Explanation provided, click on
0%
a) Thyroid
0%
b) Adrenals
0%
c) Parathyroid
0%
d) Pituitary
Explanation
Conn's syndrome, is excess production of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands resulting in low renin levels. Answer : (b)
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