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Digestion And Absorption Mcq
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Q.1
Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system. [NEET 2020 ]
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a) IIeum is a highly coiled part
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b) Vermiform appendix arises from duodenum
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c) IIeum opens into small intestine
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d) Serosa is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal
Explanation
The appendix originates from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum. The ileum is the last of the three parts of the small intestine. The transition from the jejunum to the ileum is not sharply marked, while at the distal end, the ileum opens into the cecum. The mucosa is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract Answer:(a)
Q.2
The enzyme enterokinase helps in conversion of .. [NEET 2020]
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a) caseinogen into casein
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b) pepsinogen into pepsin
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c) protein into polypeptides
0%
d) trypsinogen into trypsin
Explanation
Enterokinase, proteolytic enzyme (q.v.), secreted from the duodenal mucosa, that changes the inactive pancreatic secretion trypsinogen into trypsin Answer : (b)
Q.3
Which of the following terms describe human dentition ? [NEET 2018] Answer : (b)
0%
a) Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont
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b) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
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c) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont
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d)Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
Explanation
human teeth have all of these characteristic that’s why their dentition refers to as thecodont, heterodont and diphyodont. Thecodont having the teeth inserted in sockets. heterodont: having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars. Diphyodont is a type of dentition in which two successive sets of teeth are developed during the lifetime of the organism. The first set of teeth is deciduous and the other set is permanent. Answer : (b)
Q.4
Identify the cells whose secretion protects the lining of gastro-intestinal tract from various enzymes. [NEET 2019]
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a) Chief Cells
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b) Goblet Cells
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c) Oxyntic Cells
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d) Duodenal Cells
Explanation
The primary function of goblet cells is to synthesize and secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer Answer : (b)
Q.5
Which of the following gastric cells indirectly help in erythropoiesis ? [NEET 2018]
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a) Goblet cells
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b) Mucous cells
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c) Chief cells
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d) Parietal cells
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.6
Functional units of food absorption are... [ CPMT 1992 ]
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a) Villi
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b) Brunner's glands
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c) Crypts of Lieberkuhn
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d) Peyer's pathes
Explanation
Villi, the singular of which is villus, are finger-like projections in the small intestine that help absorb food more efficiently in the body. Peyer's patches form an important part of the immune system by monitoring intestinal bacteria populations and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. Answer : (a)
Q.7
Secretin stimulates production of [ BHU 2000] Answer : (d)
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a) Saliva
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b) Gastric juice
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c) Bile
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d) Pancreatic juice
Explanation
Secretin functions as a type of fireman: it is released in response to acid in the small intestine, and stimulates the pancreas and bile ducts to release a flood of bicarbonate base, which neutralizes the acid. Answer : (d)
Q.8
Parotid salivary glands occur ... [ manipur 2009 ]
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a) Below ears/external acoustic meatus
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b) Below tongue
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c) At the angle of jaws
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d) Below orbits
Explanation
The word parotid (paraotic) literally means "beside the ear".Below ears/external acoustic meatus Answer : (a)
Q.9
One of the following is not an enzyme of digestive system...[ CPMT1990 ] Answer : (c)
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a) Trypsin
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b) Amylase
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c) Enterogastrone
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d) Entrokinase
Explanation
An enterogastrone is hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum in the lower gastrointestinal tract in response to dietary lipids that inhibits the forward motion of the contents of chyme. Answer : (c)
Q.10
Enzyme trypsinogen is changed to trypsin by ... [ K.K.C.M.E.E. 1992 ]
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a) Gastrin
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b)Entrokinase
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c) Enterogastrone
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d) Secretin
Explanation
Enzyme ENTEROKINASE secreted by intestinal mucosa converts trypsinogen to trypsin.Trypsin will in turn activates other enzymes in pancreatic juice. Answer : (b)
Q.11
ymogen cells of gastric glands produce ..[ CBSE 1990]
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a) Chymotrypsin
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b) Pepsin
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c) Pepsinogen
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d) Trypsin
Explanation
The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. Answer : (c)
Q.12
Muscular contractions of alimentary canal are ...[MPPMT 1994 ]
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a) Circulation
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b) Deglutition
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c) Churning
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d) Peristalsis
Explanation
Peristaltic movement is the movement that refers to the constriction and relaxation of muscles of the esophagus, intestine, and stomach. It is a wave-like structure, which starts in the esophagus when the bolus of food is swallowed Answer : (d)
Q.13
Deficiency of vitamin C/Ascorbic acid causes ...[JIPMER 1999 ] Answer : (c)
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a) Rickets
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b) Beri-Beri
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c) Scurvy
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d) Night blindness
Explanation
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C. Early symptoms include weakness, feeling tired, curly hair, and sore arms and legs. Answer : (c)
Q.14
Fatty acids and glycerol are first absorbed by ... [ AFMC 1994 ]
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a) Lymph vessels
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b) Villi
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c) Blood capillaries
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d) Hepatic portal vein
Explanation
Fatty acids and glycerol instead of being absorbed directly into capillary blood of villus, are transported first into the lymphatic vessel that penetrates into each villus. Answer : (a)
Q.15
The structure which prevents the entry of food into respiratory tract is... [ CPMT 1991 ]
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a) Glottis
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b) Pharynx
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c) Epiglottis
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d) Larynx
Explanation
The function of the epiglottis is that it allows air to pass through the larynx and into the rest of the respiratory system. When swallowing food or drink, it covers the entrance to the larynx to prevent food and drink from entering the trachea (windpipe). Answer : (c)
Q.16
Enzyme trypsin is secreted by ..[ AFMC 2003 ]
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a) Duodenum
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b) Liver
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c) Pancreas
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d) Stomach
Explanation
Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive protease trypsinogen. Answer : (c)
Q.17
Digestive juice lacking enzyme but aiding in digestion is ...[AFMC 1994 ] Answer : (c)
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a) Chyle
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b) Chyme
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c) Bile
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d) Succus entericus
Explanation
Bile acts to some extent as a surfactant, helping to emulsify the lipids in food. The dispersion of food fat into micelles thus provides a greatly increased surface area for the action of the enzyme pancreatic lipase. Answer : (c)
Q.18
Thiamine (B1) deficiency leads to ...[MPPMT 2002 ]
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a) Beri-Beri
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b) Scurvy
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c) Night blindness
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d) Pellagra
Explanation
Thiamine (B1) deficiency leads to Beri-Beri Answer : (a)
Q.19
Deficiency of vitamin E/tocopherol brings about .. [ Kerala 2003 ]
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a) Scurvy
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b) Bri-beri
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c) Slow clotting of blood
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d) Impotence
Explanation
Deficiency of vitamin E/tocopherol causes nerve problems due to poor conduction of electrical impulses along nerves due to changes in nerve membrane structure and function. Vitamin E maintains the health of the reproductive system. Men can suffer from enlarged prostate, impotence and sterility. Answer : (d)
Q.20
Pepsin acts in [ Har.PMT 2007]
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a) Basic medium
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b) Acidic medium
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c) Neutral medium
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d) All types of medium
Explanation
Pepsinogen activates to pepsin in presence of hydrochloric acid. Answer : (b)
Q.21
A good source of lipase is ... [ JIPMER 1994 ]
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a) Saliva
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b) Gastric juice
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c) Bile
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d) Pancreatic juice
Explanation
Liquid secreted by the pancreas that contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, and amylase. Answer : (d)
Q.22
Cardiac glands are present in .... [ AMU 1999]
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a) Pericardium
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b) Myocardium
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c) Endocardium
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d) Stomach
Explanation
The cardiac glands are found in the cardia of the stomach which is the part nearest to the heart, they primarily secrete mucus Answer : (d)
Q.23
Ptyalin is an enzyme present in ...[ MPPMT 1999 ]
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a) Gastric juice
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b) Pancreatic juice
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c) Intestinal juice
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d) Saliva
Explanation
An enzyme found in the saliva of humans and herbivorous animals that helps in the predigestion of starches. Ptyalin is a type of amylase. Answer : (d)
Q.24
Calcium deficiency occurs in the absence of vitamin ... [ CBSE 1994 ] Explanation is provided, please click on
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a) D
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b) C
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c) E
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d) B
Explanation
Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body use calcium from the diet. Answer : (a)
Q.25
Peyer's patches found in the small intestine are .. [ CPMT 1990 ]
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a) Lymphatic tissue
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b) Glandular tissue
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c) Epithelial tissue
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d) haemopoietic tissue
Explanation
Peyer’s patches are small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine. Answer : (a)
Q.26
Which of the following is absorbed in ileum? [ BHU 2000 ]
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a) Fat
0%
b) Bile salts
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c) Vitamin K
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d) Glucose
Explanation
Vitamin B12 is absorbed just before the small intestine joins the large intestine. Bile salts are reabsorbed in the distal ileum and the ascending colon. Small intestine The small intestine in the adult is approximately 22 feet long and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The small intestine wall is arranged in folds of absorptive cells and villi. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine including minerals, vitamins, proteins, and fats. Iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc are absorbed almost immediately after leaving the stomach – ie, in the 8 feet of the duodenum and the jejunum. Sugars and vitamin C, as well as thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and folic acid, are absorbed in the upper third of the small intestine. Protein is absorbed approximately midway through the ileum. Vitamins A, D, E, and K, fats, and cholesterol are absorbed in the lower third of the ileum. Answer : (b)
Q.27
Germs entering the body along with food are killed in alimentary canal where pH is ...[ MPPMT 1990]
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a) 10
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b) 7
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c) 3
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d) 11
Explanation
The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen Answer : (c)
Q.28
The hardest constituent of tooth is [ MP PMT 1995]
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a) Bone
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b) Dentine
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c) Enamal
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d) Pulp
Explanation
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals. The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate Answer : (c)
Q.29
Starch is changed to maltose by ...[ CPMT 1999 ]
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a) Diastase/amylase
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b) Invertase
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c) Lipase
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d) Zymase
Explanation
The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Diastase is an enzyme group that is originally found in malt and it is produced when the germination of the seeds happens. Diastase transforms starch into maltose and after that it converts it this into glucose Answer : (a)
Q.30
Bow-shaped legs in children are due to deficiency of vitamin [ J.K.C.M.E.E. 1992 ]
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a) D
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b) A
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c) B
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d) C
Explanation
Rickets (Bowed legs and double malleoli ) is caused due to Vitamin ‘D’ deficiency or improper metabolism of vitamin D, Answer : (a)
Q.31
Succus entericus is... [ AFMC 1995 ] Explanation is provided, please click on
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a) Swollen area between ileum and rectum
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b) Intestinal juice
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c) Any swelling in gut
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d) Vermiform appendix
Explanation
succus entericus. The clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. It contains hormones, digestive enzymes, mucus and bicarbonate. Answer : (b)
Q.32
The intestinal juice, succus entericus is secreted by [ Bih. PMT 1995 ]
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a) Villi
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b) Crypt of Lieberkuhn
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c) Brunner's Glands
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d) Crypt of Lieberkuhn and Brunner's glands
Explanation
Succus entericus An antiquated, nonspecific term for the sum total of intestinal secretions. Crypt of Liberkuhn and Brunner's glands both are present small intestine. Crypt of Liberkuhn : secretes digestive enzymes example peptidase and sucrose maltase, lactase Brunner's glands: secretes bicarbonates Answer : (d)
Q.33
Hormone secretin is produced by ....[MPPMT 1995]
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a) Stomach
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b) Liver
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c) Intestine
0%
d) Pancreas
Explanation
Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells, which are found mainly in the mucosa of the duodenum which is the part of small intestine Answer : (c)
Q.34
Common passage for swallowing food and breathing is ...[MPPMT 1995 ]
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a) Gullet
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b) Pharynx
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c) Glottis
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d) Larynx
Explanation
The pharynx is the body cavity that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus. It is commonly referred to as the throat. The pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. For the digestive system, its muscular walls function in the process of swallowing and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus. As part of the respiratory system, it allows for the movement of air from the nose and mouth to the larynx in the process of breathing. Answer : (b)
Q.35
Stimulation of acid secretion of stomach is due to ... [ CPMT 1990]
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a) Gastrin
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b) Histamine
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c) Vagal activation
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d) All the above
Explanation
There are three regulatory molecules that stimulate acid secretion (acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin) Vagal activation causes secretion of acetylcholine. The main constituent of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid which is produced by parietal cells Gastric acid production is regulated by both the autonomic nervous system and several hormones. The parasympathetic nervous system, via the vagus nerve, and the hormone gastrin stimulate the parietal cell to produce gastric acid, both directly acting on parietal cells and indirectly, through the stimulation of the secretion of the hormone histamine from enterochromaffine-like cells (ECL). Vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, and secretin all inhibit production. Answer : (d)
Q.36
Emulsification of fat is carried out by ....[ CBSE 1990 ]
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a) Bile pigment
0%
b) Bile salts
0%
c) HCl
0%
d) Pancreatic juice
Explanation
Bile salts it binds with lipids to form micelles. Answer : (b)
Q.37
In mammals, digestion of starch begins in ...[ DPMT 1999 ]
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a) Oesophagus
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b) Mouth
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c) Stomach
0%
d) Duodenum
Explanation
The digestion of starch begins with salivary amylase secreted by salivary glands in mouth. Amylase hydrolyzes starch, with the primary end products being maltose, maltotriose, and a -dextrins, although some glucose is also produced Answer : (b)
Q.38
Pancreas produces ... [ CBSE 1991 ]
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a) Three digestive enzymes and one hormone
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b) Three digestive enzymes and three hormone
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c) two digestive enzymes and one hormone
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d) Three digestive enzymes and no hormone
Explanation
Three hormones: glucagon, insulin and somatostatin Three enzymes: Trypsinogen, protease ,trypsin Answer : (b)
Q.39
Ascorbic acid is vitamin ... [ JKCMEE 200 ]
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a) C
0%
b) D
0%
c) B
0%
d) A
Explanation
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid Answer : (a)
Q.40
Lacteals take part..[ KCET 2006 ]
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a) Digestion of milk
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b) Absorption of fat/fatty acids and glycerol
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c) Digestion of lactic acid
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d) None of the above
Explanation
A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fat/fatty acids and glycerol in the villi of the small intestine. Answer : (b)
Q.41
Mammalian teeth are ..[CPMT 1992 ]
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a) Acrodont
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b) Homodont
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c) Thecodont
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d) polyphyodont
Explanation
Mammalian teeth aresunk in sockets thus mammalian teeth are thecodont. Acrodont: describes the teeth of some reptiles that have no roots and are joined to the jawbone Homodont: used to describe vertebrates that have teeth that are all similar in shape, as in most nonmammalian vertebrates Polyphyodont: is any animal whose teeth are continually replaced Answer : (c)
Q.42
Deficiency of copper causes .... [ MPPMT 1996 ]
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a) Anaemia and damage to CNS
0%
b) Xerophthalmia
0%
c) Pellagra
0%
d) Influenza
Explanation
The characteristic blood effects of copper deficiency are anemia Enzymes in the central nervous system that depend on copper for their function Answer : (a)
Q.43
Trypsin differs from pepsin in digestion of proteins in ...[ JIPMER 2004 ]
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a) Acidic medium
0%
b) Alkaline medium
0%
c) Neutral medium
0%
d) Different pH range
Explanation
Trypsin catalyses Alkaline medium Pepsin catalyses in acidic medium Answer : (b)
Q.44
Antixerophthalmic vitamin is .... [ AFMC 1996 ]
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a) K
0%
b) E
0%
c) D
0%
d) A
Explanation
Antixerophthalmic : preventing or curing xerophthalmia is vitamin A Xerophthalmia is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, which is sometimes used to describe that condition, although there may be other causes. Antixerophthalmic vitamin refers to a group of fat-soluble substances plays vital roles in vision, epithelial differentiation, growth, reproduction, patternformation during embryogenesis, bone development, hematopoiesis and brain development. It is also important for the maintenance of the proper functioning of the immune system. Answer : (d)
Q.45
Which is not a function of HCl? [RPMT 1996 ]
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a) Killing microbes
0%
b) Prevention of food decay
0%
c) Solubilisation of calcified hard parts
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d) Stimulation of lipase in stomach
Explanation
The main source of lipase in digestive tract is pancreas, Answer : (d)
Q.46
Death of intestinal bacteria will cause .... [CPMT 1996 ]
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a) Blindness
0%
b) Tired feeling
0%
c) Reduced synthesis of B-complex and K-vitamins
0%
d) Reduced excretion
Explanation
Enzymes produced by intestinal bacteria are important in the metabolism of several vitamins. The intestinal microflora synthesizes vitamin K, which is a necessary cofactor in the production of prothrombin and other blood clotting factors. Treatment with antibiotics, particularly in individuals eating a diet low in vitamin K, can result in low plasma prothrombin levels and a tendency to bleed. Intestinal bacteria also synthesize biotin, vitamin B12, folic acid, and thiamine. Answer : (c)
Q.47
Calcium occurs in ....[CPMT 1996]
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a) All body cells
0%
b) Bones and teeth
0%
c) Cells of respiratory system
0%
d) 3% of mineral content
Explanation
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a vital role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization Answer : (a)
Q.48
Choose correct pair [ CBSE 1996]
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a) Rennin - Casein
0%
b) Protein - Amylase
0%
c) Carbohydrate - Lipase
0%
d) Maltase - Lactose
Explanation
Rennin also known as Chymosin it is a proteolytic enzyme related to pepsin Its role in digestion is to curdle or coagulate milk in the stomach, a process of considerable importance in the very young animal. Option (a) Pair is correct An amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.Option (b) and (c) Pair is wrong Answer : (a)
Q.49
Which is a specific gastric hormone? [ AFMC 1997 ]
0%
a) Secretin
0%
b) Serotinin
0%
c) Amphetamine
0%
d) None of above
Explanation
Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells, which are found mainly in the mucosa of the duodenum which is the part of small intestine. Answer : (a)
Q.50
Gastric juice contains ... [ Kerala 2010 ]
0%
a) Pepsin, lipase and rennin
0%
b) Trypsin, lipase and rennin
0%
c) Trypsin, pepsin and lipase
0%
d) Trypsin, pepsin and rennin
Explanation
Gastric lipase is an acidic lipase secreted by the gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa in the stomach. Pancreatic lipase is produced in the pancreas Answer : (a)
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