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Digestion And Absorption Mcq
Quiz 10
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Q.1
Chewing is required for ....
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a) Solubilisation of food
0%
b) Enjoying the taste of food
0%
c) Decreasing surface area of food
0%
d) Increasing surface area of food
Explanation
The physical process of chewing food in your mouth helps to break down larger particles of food into smaller particles( increasing surface area of food). This helps to reduce stress on the esophagus and helps the stomach metabolize your food. When you chew each mouthful properly, you also release a lot of saliva, which contains digestive enzymes Answer : (d)
Q.2
Part of alimentary canal meant for reabsorption of water from chyle is ..... [ CPMT 2005]
0%
a) Small intestine
0%
b) Colon
0%
c) Large intestine
0%
d) Rectum
Explanation
The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body Answer : (c)
Q.3
Dental formula of a child is .... (Guj CET 2007 )
0%
a)
0%
b)
0%
c)
0%
d)
Explanation
Dental formula for milk teeth in humans is 2120/2120. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Bile salts help in ....[ Manipur 2009 ]
0%
a) Absorption of fats
0%
b) Digestion of fats
0%
c) Both A and B
0%
d) Excretion of fat
Explanation
The function of bile salts in the duodenum is to solubilize ingested fat and fat-soluble vitamins, facilitating their digestion and absorption. Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Answer : (c)
Q.5
A substance that prevents or delays oxidation is .... [ JKCMEE 2015 ]
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a) Bactericide
0%
b) Hormone
0%
c) Antioxidant
0%
d) Enzyme
Explanation
Antioxidants are defined as substances that, when present in a low concentration compared to that of oxidizable substrates, significantly delay or inhibit oxidation of that substance Examples of antioxidants include vitamins C and E, selenium, and carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Answer : (c)
Q.6
"Digestion" of food refers to
0%
a) allowing the liver to produce bile for digestion.
0%
b)allowing the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.
0%
c) allowing small molecules to cross cell membranes and be absorbed by the tract lining.
0%
d) allowing large molecules to cross cell membranes and be absorbed by the tract lining.
Explanation
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. Answer : (c)
Q.7
A person feeding on meat, egg and milk only will suffer from ...[DPMT 2008 ]
0%
a) Night blindness
0%
b) Scurvy
0%
c) Rickets
0%
d) Beri-beri
Explanation
on meat, egg and milk do not have vitamin C , thus cause Scurvy Answer : (b)
Q.8
Cattle fed on spoilt Sweet Clover having dicumarol have ...[AIIMS 2004 ]
0%
a) Excellent health due to good diet
0%
b) Catch infections readily
0%
c) May suffer vitamin K deficiency and prolonged bleeding
0%
d) May suffer from beri-beri due to vitamin B deficiency
Explanation
Dicumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. Answer : (c)
Q.9
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
0%
a)Microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption of nutrients.
0%
b)Enzymes located on the brush-border finish the digestion of chyme.
0%
c) Absorption is an active process in the small intestine.
0%
d) Sugars and amino acids cross columnar epithelial cells to enter the lacteal.
Explanation
Absorption process occurs either by the passive, active or facilitated transport mechanisms in the body. Answer : (c)
Q.10
Secretin is produced by ....[BHU 2008 ]
0%
a) Ileum
0%
b) Duodenum
0%
c) Oesophagus
0%
d) Stomach
Explanation
Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells, which are found mainly in the mucosa of the duodenum, Answer : (b)
Q.11
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about dieting?
0%
a) Weight loss occurs if the caloric intake is reduced while the same level of activity is maintained.
0%
b) The best way to lose weight is to modify behavior and to lose the weight rapidly.
0%
c) Physical activity firms up the body, puts you in the mood to keep the weight off, and burns calories.
0%
d) Heavy individuals may have many more fat cells than normal, and dieting merely causes the fat cells to get smaller.
Explanation
Dieting :A prescribed course of eating and drinking in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes. Reduction of caloric intake so as to lose weight. Answer : (b)
Q.12
In an empty stomach the mucosa is thrown into folds called
0%
a) Rugae
0%
b) Villi
0%
c) Alveoli
0%
d) None of the above
Explanation
Rugae: A fold or crease, esp. one of the folds of mucous membrane on the internal surface of the stomach. Answer : (a)
Q.13
The end products of protein hydrolysis is
0%
a) Lipids
0%
b) Mixture of amino acids
0%
c) Peptides
0%
d) 10 amino acids
Explanation
Proteolytic enzymes hydrolyze proteins at the optimum temperature and pH and usually target specific peptide cleavage bonds, resulting in digestion consisting of amino acids and peptides of varying size Answer : (b)
Q.14
Which blood vessel will transport nutrient molecules that have been absorbed by the small intestine to the liver?
0%
a)hepatic portal vein
0%
b)hepatic portal artery
0%
c) hepatic artery
0%
> d) renal vein
Explanation
The hepatic portal vein is a vessel that moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver. Answer : (a)
Q.15
DNA-ase and RNA-ase are enzymes produced by ...[BHU 2003 ]
0%
a) Salivary glands
0%
b) Pancreas
0%
c) Stomach
0%
d) Intestine
Explanation
DNAase(deoxyribonuclease) & RNAase (ribonuclease) are enzymes present in digestive juice secreted by pancreas. Answer : (b)
Q.16
Which of the following organs functions to remove poisonous substances and works to keep the contents of blood constant?
0%
a)stomach
0%
b)duodenum
0%
c) pancreas
0%
d) liver
Explanation
One of the function of liver is detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. Answer : (d)
Q.17
Ptyalin is inactivated by a component of gastric juice ...[WB. 2011 ]
0%
a) Rennin
0%
b) Pepsin
0%
c) Mucus
0%
d) HCl
Explanation
The optimum conditions for ptyalin activity are a pH range of 5.6–6.9 Salivary amylase keeps the pH in the mouth basic. Thus HCl inactivate ptyalin. Answer : (d)
Q.18
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
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a)converts hemoglobin from red blood cells to bile pigments that are excreted along with bile salts in bile
0%
b) detoxifies blood by removing poisonous substances
0%
c) produces urea from the breakdown of amino acids
0%
d) produces enzymes for digestion of food in the duodenum
Explanation
Although the liver produces bile salts, it does not produce any enzymes for digestion of food in the duodenum. It does perform the other listed functions. Answer : (d)
Q.19
Too much of ____ can cause kidney stones.
0%
a)vitamin C
0%
b)vitamin A
0%
c) vitamin B
0%
d) vitamin D
Explanation
Excess vitamin C is excreted from the body as oxalate, a bodily waste product. ... Consuming too much vitamin C has the potential to increase the amount of oxalate in your urine, thus increasing the risk of developing kidney stones Answer : (a)
Q.20
Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen is ....[JKCMEE 210 ])
0%
a) Glyconeogenesis
0%
b) Glycogenolysis
0%
c) Glycolysis
0%
d) Glycogenesis
Explanation
Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. Glycogen is synthesized depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. Answer : (d)
Q.21
First step in digestion of fat is ....[BHU 2003]
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a) Emulsification
0%
b) Enzyme action
0%
c) Absorption by lacteals
0%
d) Storage in adipose tissue
Explanation
First step in digestion of fat is Emulsification Bile salts from the liver help in emulsifying the fat in the small intestine, which means breaking it into very small droplets so they can be acted on by the enzymes. Lipase is produced by the pancreas and poured into the small intestine to break the ester bond in the triglyceride. Answer : (a)
Q.22
Both the crown and root of tooth is covered by hard bony substance called ... [ JKCMEE 2005 ]
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a) Enamel
0%
b) Dentine
0%
c) Bony socket
0%
d) Cementum
Explanation
The crown of a tooth is that part of the tooth which is covered with enamel and this is the part usually visible in the mouth. Answer : (a)
Q.23
Bile can be prevented to pass into duodenum by
0%
a) Pyloric valve
0%
b) Cardiac sphincter
0%
c) Sphincter of Boyden
0%
d) Sphincter of Oddi
Explanation
The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices bile and pancreatic juice through hepatopancreatic ampulla or the hepatopancreatic duct, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. Answer : (d)
Q.24
First portion of small intestine is called .... [ CET Chd. 2011 ]
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a) Jejunum
0%
b) Ileum
0%
c) Duodenum
0%
d) Cystic dust
Explanation
First portion of small intestine is called Duodenum The small intestine consists of three parts. The first part, called the duodenum, connects to the stomach. The middle part is the jejunum. The third part, called the ileum, attaches to the colon Answer : (c)
Q.25
Duodenum produces hormones
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a) renin and gastrin
0%
b) epinephrine and nor-epinephrine
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c) enterogastrone and cholecystokinin
0%
d) pituitrin
Explanation
Duodenum produces following hormones: Enterogastrone is any hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum in the lower gastrointestinal tract in response to dietary lipids that inhibits the caudal (or "forward, analward") motion of the contents of chyme. Gastrin - secreted by G cells in the duodenum where they are exposed to large quantities of incompletely digested proteins Secretin -- released when chyme arrives in the duodenum Cholecystokinin (CCK)-- secreted when chyme arrives in the duodenum, especially when the chyme contains lipid and partially digested proteins Enterocrinin - released when chyme enters the duodenum Answer : (c)
Q.26
Phagocytic cells lining blood sinuses of liver are known as...
0%
a) Enterochromaffin cells
0%
b) Kupffer's cells
0%
c) Oxyntic cells
0%
d) Zymogen cells
Explanation
Phagocytic cells lining blood sinuses of liver are known as Kupffer's cells. Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer-Browicz cells, are specialized macrophages located in the liver, lining the walls of the sinusoids that form part of the mononuclear phagocyte system Answer : (b)
Q.27
Both starch and proteins are digested by .... [ Manipal 2004 ]
0%
a) Saliva
0%
b) Pancreatic juice
0%
c) Gastric juice
0%
d) Bile
Explanation
Pancreatic juice, which is defined as an alkaline secretion of the pancreas containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats Answer : (b)
Q.28
Cattle are able to digest cellulose which humans cannot because cattle have ...[Har. PMT 2003]
0%
a) Cellulose digesting bacteria
0%
b) More efficient digestive system
0%
c) Large stomach
0%
d) Long intestine
Explanation
Cattle are able to digest cellulose which humans cannot because cattle have cellulose digesting bacteria Answer : (a)
Q.29
Which one of the following vitamins can be synthesised by humans? [ HPPMT 2005 ])
0%
a) C
0%
b) A
0%
c) E
0%
d) B
Explanation
Humans cannot synthesize vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), B12 (cobalamin),C, E and K but are able to synthesize some vitamin B3 (niacin) and D. Answer : (d)
Q.30
Epithelial cells involved in absorption of digested food have on their free surface. [CBSE 2005 ]
0%
a) Zymogen granules
0%
b) Pinocytic vesicles
0%
c) Phagocytic vesicles
0%
d) Microvilli
Explanation
Microvilli on the surface of epithelial cells such as those lining the intestine increase the cell's surface area and thus facilitate the absorption of ingested food and water molecules Answer : (d)
Q.31
Marasmus is caused by deficiency of ...[JKCMEE 210 ]
0%
a) protein
0%
b) Riboflavin
0%
c) Niacin
0%
d) Thiamine
Explanation
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency. It can be distinguished from kwashiorkor in that kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake whereas marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein. Answer : (a)
Q.32
Proportion of which should be increased in diet to improve strength and growth of bones ...[Guj CET 2011 ]
0%
a) Vit D, Ca2+ and Vit. K
0%
b) Vit D, Ca2+ and Iodine
0%
c) Vit D, Ca2+ and Vit.A
0%
d) Vit D, Ca2+ and Zn2+
Explanation
Several immune system functions are dependent on sufficient vitamin A, which is why it is known as an important immune booting vitamin. Genes involved in immune responses are regulated by Vitamin A One of the most important roles of vitamin D is to maintain skeletal calcium balance by promoting calcium absorption in the intestines Calcium is a mineral that helps bones stay strong. Our bodies continually remove small amounts of calcium from our bones and replace it with new calcium, a bone "remodeling" process Answer : (c)
Q.33
The deficiency of vitamin known to cause abortion in early pregnancy of Rat [ EAMCET 2005 ]
0%
a) Retinol
0%
b) Calciferol
0%
c) Tocopherol
0%
d) Naphthoquinone
Explanation
Vitamin E is a group of compounds (including tocopherols and tocotrienols) Vitamin E deficiency causes pregnant rats to abort, but no such relationship has been confirmed in human pregnancy. Answer : (c)
Q.34
Ptyalin is inactivated by a component of gastric juice called ...[Har PMT 2003 ]
0%
a) Pepsin
0%
b) HCl
0%
c) Rennin
0%
d) Mucus
Explanation
Ptyalin is inactivated by a component of gastric juice known as HCl. Ptyalin is an enzyme and it is made up of protein. When it enters the stomach, the HCl in the stomach denatures the protein and as a result of that ptyalin becomes inactive and the activity stops in it. Answer : (b)
Q.35
Nutrition involving engulfment of whole or parts of a plant or animal in solid or liquid state is known as ... [ kerala 2009 ]
0%
a) Holozoic
0%
b) Saprozoic
0%
c) Parasite
0%
d) Symbiotic
Explanation
Holozoic refers to engulfment of whole/part of plant/animal in liquid/solid state. The heterotrophic Amoeba engulf the particulate food. The process of obtaining food by Amoeba is called phagocytosis Answer : (a)
Q.36
Insulin is secreted by
0%
a) α-cells of pancreas
0%
b) β-cells of pancreas
0%
c) γ-cells of pancreas
0%
d) Acini of pancreas
Explanation
Insulin is synthesized in significant quantities only in beta cells in the pancreas. ... When the beta cell is appropriately stimulated, insulin is secreted from the cell by exocytosis and diffuses into islet capillary blood. C peptide is also secreted into blood, but has no known biological activity. Answer : (b)
Q.37
Heterocrine gland connected with digestive system is ....
0%
a) Testis
0%
b) Liver
0%
c) Bile
0%
d) pancreas
Explanation
Heterocrine Glands. These are those glands which are partly endocrine and partly exocrine in function. E.g. Pancreas. Pancreas, testis and ovaries are examples of the same. Answer : (d)
Q.38
Amount of saliva secreted per day is ...[Odisha 2004 ]
0%
a) 250 ml
0%
b) 500 ml
0%
c) 750 ml
0%
d) 1000 ml
Explanation
Daily salivary output. There is much debate about the amount of saliva that is produced in a healthy person per day; estimates range from 0.75 to 1.5 litres per day while it is generally accepted that during sleep the amount drops to nearly zero Answer : (d)
Q.39
Osteomalacia is a deficiency disease of ...[BHU 1996 ]
0%
a) Infants due to protein energy malnutrition
0%
b) Adults due to protein energy malnutrition
0%
c) Infants due to vitamin D/ Calcium deficiency
0%
d) Adults due to vitamin D/Calcium/Phosphorous deficiency
Explanation
Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, use of the term "osteomalacia" is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. Is caused due to vitamin D/Calcium/Phosphorous deficiency Answer : (d)
Q.40
Bile comprises ... [ CPMT 1996 ]
0%
a) Three types of enzymes
0%
b) 10 types of enzymes
0%
c) Only one type of enzyme
0%
d) No enzyme
Explanation
The main components include bile acids (also called bile salts), phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine [PC]), cholesterol, bilirubin (mostly in its conjugated form), inorganic salts (potassium, sodium and bicarbonate), as well as very small amounts of copper and other metals. But no enzyme Answer : (d)
Q.41
Which one of the following is a trace elements for animal body? [ HPPMT 2005 ]
0%
a) Phosphorus
0%
b) Magnesium
0%
c) Chlorine
0%
d) Manganese
Explanation
Trace elements for animal body are iron, iodine, fluoride, copper, zinc, chromium, selenium, manganese and molybdenum are vital for maintaining health. Also referred to as microminerals, these trace elements are part of enzymes, hormones and cells in the body. Answer : (d)
Q.42
The process of formation of glucose from lipids is called ...[DPMT 2003 ]
0%
a) Gluconeogenesis
0%
b) Lipogenesis
0%
c) Glycogenesis
0%
d) Glycogenolysis
Explanation
Gluconeogenesis (abbreviated GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. Answer : (a)
Q.43
Emulsified fat is digested by ....[ Manipal 004 ]
0%
a) Bile salt
0%
b) Bile pigments
0%
c) Steapsin
0%
d) Amylopsin
Explanation
Steapsin digestive enzyme of pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of emulsified fats to fatty acids and glycerol. Answer : (c)
Q.44
Bile salts are ....
0%
a) Sodium bicarbonate and sodium taurocholate
0%
b) Sodium glycocholate and sodium carbonate
0%
c) Inorganic slats and sodium glycocholate
0%
d) Sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate
Explanation
Main bile salts present are Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium glycocholate, Sodium taurocholate Answer : (d)
Q.45
Inadequate protein in diet causes Kwashiorkor. Oedema is related to protein deficiency of ....[DPMT 2009 ]
0%
a) Insulin
0%
b) Gamma globulin
0%
c) Glucagon
0%
d) Albumin
Explanation
Oedema is a build up of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen. The swelling can occur in one particular part of the body If a blood protein, called albumin, gets too low, fluid is retained and edema occurs, especially in the feet, ankles and lower legs Answer : (d)
Q.46
Which teeth of human are shovel-shaped and used for nibbling, cutting and tearing...[GUJ CET2011]
0%
a) Canines
0%
b) Premolars
0%
c) Molars
0%
d) Incisors
Explanation
The incisors at the front of the mouth have a sharp biting surface and are used for cutting or shearing food into small chewable pieces. There are eight incisors in both primary (baby) and permanent sets of teeth (dentitions). Shovel-shaped incisors (or, more simply, shovel incisors) are incisors whose lingual surfaces are scooped as a consequence of lingual marginal ridges, crown curvature or basal tubercles, either alone or in combination Answer : (d)
Q.47
In the complete absence of which the duodenal digestion of chyme proteins not possible ....[ Guj CET 2010 ]
0%
a) Enterokinase
0%
b) Dil HCl
0%
c) Gastrin
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. In the absence of HCl (Hydrochloric acid) pepsinogen is not activated and converted into pepsin. (ii) Hence no protein digestion takes place. Answer : (c)
Q.48
Which process helps in maintaining blood glucose level under fasting ..
0%
a) Glycogenesis
0%
b) Glycogenolysis
0%
c) Lipogenesis
0%
d) Glycolysis
Explanation
During fasting no fresh glucose is available through digestion. To fulfill need of energy glycogenolysis take place. In glycogenolysis, glycogen stored in the liver and muscles, is converted first to glucose-1- phosphate and then into glucose-6-phosphate. br/> Answer : (b)
Q.49
Liver necrosis and muscular dystropy are caused by lack of trace element ... [ AMU 2009 ]
0%
a) Zinc
0%
b) Arsenic
0%
c) Selenium
0%
d) Molybdenum
Explanation
Selenium Deficiency symptoms • liver necrosis • muscular dystrophy • cardiomyopathy (myocardial infarction) Answer : (c)
Q.50
The cells which destroy worn out white and red blood corpuscles, bacteria and other microorganisms passing through liver are .... [ Bih PMT 2004 ]
0%
a) B-cells
0%
b) T-cells
0%
c) Oxytocin
0%
d) Kupffer's cells
Explanation
The function of Kupffer cells is to break down red blood cells through phagocytosis, liberating the globin chains and the heme component for further metabolic processing and re-use. Kupffer cells also play an essential role in innate immunity. They are involved in phagocytosing blood-borne bacteria passing through the liver from the gut. They are also capable of producing cytokines, chemokines, and ROS. Therefore, they are capable of recruiting monocytes into the liver, as well as participate in the development of alcoholic liver damage (via ROS production). Answer : (d)
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