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Digestion And Absorption Mcq
Quiz 11
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Q.1
Islets of Langerhans are found in ... [WB 2010 ]
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a) Anterior pituitary
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b) Kidney cortex
0%
c) Spleen
0%
d) Endocrine pancreas
Explanation
islets of Langerhans, are tiny clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas. Answer : (d)
Q.2
Which one of the following hydrolyses proteins into peptides? ..[HPPMT 2005 ]
0%
a) Erepsin
0%
b) Rennin Rennin (Chymosin) role in digestion is to curdle or coagulate milk in the stomach, a process of considerable importance in the very young animal
0%
c) Pepsin
0%
d) Lipase
Explanation
pepsin hydrolyses proteins to protesoses and peptones Answer : (c)
Q.3
Read the statements a and b , identify the correct choice a. Human small intestine is the largest portion in the alimentary canal b. Absorption of digested food requires a very large surface area
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a) Statement a is correct, b is wrong
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b) Statement a as well as statement b are correct
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c) Statement b is correct, a is wrong
0%
d) Both statements are wrong
Explanation
The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal. It is about 6.5 metres long in an adult man. It is known as small intestine because it is very narrow. The small intestine is arranged in the form of a coil in our belly : Statement a is correct The small intestine has a large internal surface area for absorption to happen quickly and efficiently. This large surface area is due to the presence of many finger-like projections called villi. Statement b is correct . Answer : (b)
Q.4
If for some reason our goblet cells are non-functional. this will adversely affect....[ CBSE mains 2010]
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a) Secretion of sebum from sebaceous glands
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b) Maturation of sperms
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c) Smooth movement of food down the intestine
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d) Production of somatostatin
Explanation
The main role of goblet cells is to secrete mucus in order to protect the mucous membranes where they are found. Goblet cells accomplish this by secreting mucins, large glycoproteins formed mostly by carbohydrates. If Goblet cells become non-functional, this will adversely affect smooth movement of food down the intestine due to absence of mucin Answer : (c)
Q.5
Urea is formed inside ...[JIPMER 1994 ]
0%
a) Small intestine
0%
b) Stomach
0%
c) Large intestine
0%
d) Liver
Explanation
Deamination – It is a process by which the amino group (-NH2) is removed from amino acids resulting the production of ammonia which is converted into urea in liver. Bacteria in gut and in cells create ammonia when your body breaks down protein. Answer : (d)
Q.6
Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called: .. [AIPMT 2014]
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a) simple diffusion
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b) co-transport mechanism
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c) active transport
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d) facilitated transport
Explanation
Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called facilitated transport (diffusion) Answer:(d)
Q.7
The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by ? …[AIPMT 2014]
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a) Rennin
0%
b) Pepsin
0%
c) Lipase
0%
d) Trypsin
Explanation
In humans, the milk protein digesting enzyme in stomach is pepsin. In calves it is rennin. It is also present in small amounts in human infants but not adults. Pepsin acts on water soluble 'caseinogen' (milk protein) to form soluble 'casein' This combines with calcium salts to form insoluble calcium paracaseinate, which gets readily digested enzymatically. Answer:(b)
Q.8
Which of the following statements is not correct ? …[AIPMT 2015]
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a) Acini are present in the pancreas and secrete carboxypeptidase
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b) Brunner's glands are present in the submucosa of stomach and secrete pepsinogen
0%
c) Goblet cells are present in the mucosa of intestine and secrete mucus
0%
d) Oxyntic cells are present in the mucosa of stomach and secrete HCl.
Explanation
Brunner's glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular submucosal glands found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter. Brunner's glands (duodenal glands) secrete an alkaline fluid composed of mucin, which exerts a physiologic anti-acid function by coating the duodenal epithelium Answer:(b)
Q.9
Gastric juice of infants contains : …[AIPMT 2015]
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a) amylase, rennin, pepsinogen
0%
b) maltase, pepsinogen, rennin
0%
c) nuclease, pepsinogen, lipase
0%
d) pepsinogen, lipase, rennin
Explanation
Gastric juice of infants contains pepsinogen, lipase, rennin. It's pH varies from 7.5 and 8.5. Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme synthesised by stomach. Its role is to curdle or cogulate milk. Therefore, it is present in infants because they feed on milk but is absent in adults. Answer:(d)
Q.10
In the stomach, gastric acid is secreted by the :- …[AIPMT-2016]
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a) gastrin secreting cells
0%
b) parietal cells
0%
c) peptic cells
0%
d) acidic cells
Explanation
The main constituent of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid which is produced by parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) in the gastric glands in the stomach. Its secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Answer:(b)
Q.11
Which of the following guards the opening of hepatopancreatic duct into the duodenum ? …[AIPMT-2016]
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a) Semilunar valve
0%
b) Ileocaecal valve
0%
c) Pyloric sphincter
0%
d) Sphincter of Oddi
Explanation
The Sphincter Oddi is a small smooth muscle sphincter strategically placed at the junction of the bile duct, pancreatic duct, and duodenum. The sphincter controls flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum and prevents reflux of duodenal content into the ducts. Answer:(d)
Q.12
Which of the following terms describe human dentition ? [NEET 2018]
0%
a) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont
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b) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
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c) Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont
0%
d) Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
Explanation
Thecodont: Teeth are present in the sockets of the jaw bone called alveoli Diphyodont: Teeth erupts twice, temporary milk or deciduous teeth are replaced by a set of permanent or adult teeth. Heterodont dentition: Dentition consists of different types of teeth namely incisors, canine, premolars and molars. Answer : (b)
Q.13
Which of the following gastric cells indirectly help in erythropoiesis ? [NEET 2018]
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a) Chief cells
0%
b) Mucous cells
0%
c) Goblet cells
0%
d) Parietal cells
Explanation
Erythropoiesis is a process of production of red blood cells. The parietal cells of the stomach are gastric cells that indirectly help in erythropoiesis. These cells produce glycoprotein known as a gastric intrinsic factor (GIF). This factor plays important role in the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum of the small intestine. This vitamin B12 , in turn, is essential in the process of erythropoiesis for differentiation of erythroblasts. Thus, the correct answer is option d. Answer : (d)
Q.14
Digestive enzymes are not secreted into
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a) the esophagus.
0%
b) the mouth.
0%
c) the small intestine
0%
d) the stomach.
Explanation
The esophagus is the hollow tube that leads from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. Answer : (d)
Q.15
Where is protein digestion accomplished[ AIIMS 1996]
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a) Stomach
0%
b) Ileum
0%
c) Rectum
0%
d) Duodenum
Explanation
Protein digestion occurs in stomach, jejunum and ileum. It is completed in the ileum. Cells in the lining of the ileum secrete the protease and carbohydrase enzymes responsible for the final stages of protein and carbohydrate digestion into the lumen of the intestineAnswer:(b)
Q.16
Release of pancreatic juice on detection of fat and protein is stimulated by ..
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a) Enterokinase
0%
b) Cholecystokinin
0%
c) Trypsinogen
0%
d) Secretin
Explanation
Three chemicals stimulate the pancreas: cholecystokinin, secretin and gastrin. Cholecystokinin is made by cells in the intestines when proteins and fats are detected in the digestive tract. These same cells also make another hormone, secretin, which stimulates the pancreas. Finally, gastrin, which is synthesized by cells in the stomach, also makes the pancreas release its digestive juices. cholecystokinin a polypeptide hormone secreted in the small intestine, Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine. It also stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and may induce satiety Answer : (b)
Q.17
Oxyntic cells in stomach secrete ... [ CPMT 1996 ] Answer : (c)
0%
a) Pepsin
0%
b) Mucus
0%
c) HCl
0%
d) Rennin
Explanation
Oxyntic cells (also called Parietal cells) are the stomach epithelium cells which secrete gastric acid HCl Answer : (c)
Q.18
on Q135) Bile secretion occurs in proportion of:
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a) Amount of protein in food
0%
b) Amount of fat in food.
0%
c) Amount of starch in food
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d) Uncertain
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.19
Brunner's glands are found in ...[ AFMC 2003 ]
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a) Stomach
0%
b) Duodenum
0%
c) Ileum
0%
d) Large intestine
Explanation
Brunner's glands are found in a part of the digestive system known as the duodenum. which secrete mucus and bicarbonate in order to neutralize stomach acids. Answer : (b)
Q.20
Xerophthalmia in children and night blindness in adults is caused by the deficiency of ..[J.K.C.M.E.E. 2000 ]
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a) Vitamin A
0%
b) Vitamin B
0%
c) Vitamin C
0%
d) Vitamin K
Explanation
Xerophthalmia is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by vitamin A deficiency. Night blindness, also called nyctalopia, means a person cannot see well at night or in poor light. It may cause by vitamin A deficiency. Answer : (a)
Q.21
Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system. [NEET 2020 ]
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a) IIeum is a highly coiled part
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b) Vermiform appendix arises from duodenum
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c) IIeum opens into small intestine
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d) Serosa is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal
Explanation
The appendix originates from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum. The ileum is the last of the three parts of the small intestine. The transition from the jejunum to the ileum is not sharply marked, while at the distal end, the ileum opens into the cecum. The mucosa is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract Answer:(a)
Q.22
The enzyme enterokinase helps in conversion of .. [NEET 2020]
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a) caseinogen into casein
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b) pepsinogen into pepsin
0%
c) protein into polypeptides
0%
d) trypsinogen into trypsin
Explanation
Enterokinase, proteolytic enzyme (q.v.), secreted from the duodenal mucosa, that changes the inactive pancreatic secretion trypsinogen into trypsin Answer : (b)
Q.23
Which of the following terms describe human dentition ? [NEET 2018] Answer : (b)
0%
a) Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont
0%
b) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
0%
c) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont
0%
d)Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
Explanation
human teeth have all of these characteristic that’s why their dentition refers to as thecodont, heterodont and diphyodont. Thecodont having the teeth inserted in sockets. heterodont: having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars. Diphyodont is a type of dentition in which two successive sets of teeth are developed during the lifetime of the organism. The first set of teeth is deciduous and the other set is permanent. Answer : (b)
Q.24
Identify the cells whose secretion protects the lining of gastro-intestinal tract from various enzymes. [NEET 2019]
0%
a) Chief Cells
0%
b) Goblet Cells
0%
c) Oxyntic Cells
0%
d) Duodenal Cells
Explanation
The primary function of goblet cells is to synthesize and secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer Answer : (b)
Q.25
Which of the following gastric cells indirectly help in erythropoiesis ? [NEET 2018]
0%
a) Goblet cells
0%
b) Mucous cells
0%
c) Chief cells
0%
d) Parietal cells
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.26
Functional units of food absorption are... [ CPMT 1992 ]
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a) Villi
0%
b) Brunner's glands
0%
c) Crypts of Lieberkuhn
0%
d) Peyer's pathes
Explanation
Villi, the singular of which is villus, are finger-like projections in the small intestine that help absorb food more efficiently in the body. Peyer's patches form an important part of the immune system by monitoring intestinal bacteria populations and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. Answer : (a)
Q.27
Secretin stimulates production of [ BHU 2000] Answer : (d)
0%
a) Saliva
0%
b) Gastric juice
0%
c) Bile
0%
d) Pancreatic juice
Explanation
Secretin functions as a type of fireman: it is released in response to acid in the small intestine, and stimulates the pancreas and bile ducts to release a flood of bicarbonate base, which neutralizes the acid. Answer : (d)
Q.28
Parotid salivary glands occur ... [ manipur 2009 ]
0%
a) Below ears/external acoustic meatus
0%
b) Below tongue
0%
c) At the angle of jaws
0%
d) Below orbits
Explanation
The word parotid (paraotic) literally means "beside the ear".Below ears/external acoustic meatus Answer : (a)
Q.29
One of the following is not an enzyme of digestive system...[ CPMT1990 ] Answer : (c)
0%
a) Trypsin
0%
b) Amylase
0%
c) Enterogastrone
0%
d) Entrokinase
Explanation
An enterogastrone is hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum in the lower gastrointestinal tract in response to dietary lipids that inhibits the forward motion of the contents of chyme. Answer : (c)
Q.30
Enzyme trypsinogen is changed to trypsin by ... [ K.K.C.M.E.E. 1992 ]
0%
a) Gastrin
0%
b)Entrokinase
0%
c) Enterogastrone
0%
d) Secretin
Explanation
Enzyme ENTEROKINASE secreted by intestinal mucosa converts trypsinogen to trypsin.Trypsin will in turn activates other enzymes in pancreatic juice. Answer : (b)
Q.31
ymogen cells of gastric glands produce ..[ CBSE 1990]
0%
a) Chymotrypsin
0%
b) Pepsin
0%
c) Pepsinogen
0%
d) Trypsin
Explanation
The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. Answer : (c)
Q.32
Muscular contractions of alimentary canal are ...[MPPMT 1994 ]
0%
a) Circulation
0%
b) Deglutition
0%
c) Churning
0%
d) Peristalsis
Explanation
Peristaltic movement is the movement that refers to the constriction and relaxation of muscles of the esophagus, intestine, and stomach. It is a wave-like structure, which starts in the esophagus when the bolus of food is swallowed Answer : (d)
Q.33
Deficiency of vitamin C/Ascorbic acid causes ...[JIPMER 1999 ] Answer : (c)
0%
a) Rickets
0%
b) Beri-Beri
0%
c) Scurvy
0%
d) Night blindness
Explanation
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C. Early symptoms include weakness, feeling tired, curly hair, and sore arms and legs. Answer : (c)
Q.34
Fatty acids and glycerol are first absorbed by ... [ AFMC 1994 ]
0%
a) Lymph vessels
0%
b) Villi
0%
c) Blood capillaries
0%
d) Hepatic portal vein
Explanation
Fatty acids and glycerol instead of being absorbed directly into capillary blood of villus, are transported first into the lymphatic vessel that penetrates into each villus. Answer : (a)
Q.35
The structure which prevents the entry of food into respiratory tract is... [ CPMT 1991 ]
0%
a) Glottis
0%
b) Pharynx
0%
c) Epiglottis
0%
d) Larynx
Explanation
The function of the epiglottis is that it allows air to pass through the larynx and into the rest of the respiratory system. When swallowing food or drink, it covers the entrance to the larynx to prevent food and drink from entering the trachea (windpipe). Answer : (c)
Q.36
Enzyme trypsin is secreted by ..[ AFMC 2003 ]
0%
a) Duodenum
0%
b) Liver
0%
c) Pancreas
0%
d) Stomach
Explanation
Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive protease trypsinogen. Answer : (c)
Q.37
Digestive juice lacking enzyme but aiding in digestion is ...[AFMC 1994 ] Answer : (c)
0%
a) Chyle
0%
b) Chyme
0%
c) Bile
0%
d) Succus entericus
Explanation
Bile acts to some extent as a surfactant, helping to emulsify the lipids in food. The dispersion of food fat into micelles thus provides a greatly increased surface area for the action of the enzyme pancreatic lipase. Answer : (c)
Q.38
Thiamine (B1) deficiency leads to ...[MPPMT 2002 ]
0%
a) Beri-Beri
0%
b) Scurvy
0%
c) Night blindness
0%
d) Pellagra
Explanation
Thiamine (B1) deficiency leads to Beri-Beri Answer : (a)
Q.39
Deficiency of vitamin E/tocopherol brings about .. [ Kerala 2003 ]
0%
a) Scurvy
0%
b) Bri-beri
0%
c) Slow clotting of blood
0%
d) Impotence
Explanation
Deficiency of vitamin E/tocopherol causes nerve problems due to poor conduction of electrical impulses along nerves due to changes in nerve membrane structure and function. Vitamin E maintains the health of the reproductive system. Men can suffer from enlarged prostate, impotence and sterility. Answer : (d)
Q.40
Pepsin acts in [ Har.PMT 2007]
0%
a) Basic medium
0%
b) Acidic medium
0%
c) Neutral medium
0%
d) All types of medium
Explanation
Pepsinogen activates to pepsin in presence of hydrochloric acid. Answer : (b)
Q.41
A good source of lipase is ... [ JIPMER 1994 ]
0%
a) Saliva
0%
b) Gastric juice
0%
c) Bile
0%
d) Pancreatic juice
Explanation
Liquid secreted by the pancreas that contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, and amylase. Answer : (d)
Q.42
Cardiac glands are present in .... [ AMU 1999]
0%
a) Pericardium
0%
b) Myocardium
0%
c) Endocardium
0%
d) Stomach
Explanation
The cardiac glands are found in the cardia of the stomach which is the part nearest to the heart, they primarily secrete mucus Answer : (d)
Q.43
Ptyalin is an enzyme present in ...[ MPPMT 1999 ]
0%
a) Gastric juice
0%
b) Pancreatic juice
0%
c) Intestinal juice
0%
d) Saliva
Explanation
An enzyme found in the saliva of humans and herbivorous animals that helps in the predigestion of starches. Ptyalin is a type of amylase. Answer : (d)
Q.44
Calcium deficiency occurs in the absence of vitamin ... [ CBSE 1994 ] Explanation is provided, please click on
0%
a) D
0%
b) C
0%
c) E
0%
d) B
Explanation
Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body use calcium from the diet. Answer : (a)
Q.45
Peyer's patches found in the small intestine are .. [ CPMT 1990 ]
0%
a) Lymphatic tissue
0%
b) Glandular tissue
0%
c) Epithelial tissue
0%
d) haemopoietic tissue
Explanation
Peyer’s patches are small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine. Answer : (a)
Q.46
Which of the following is absorbed in ileum? [ BHU 2000 ]
0%
a) Fat
0%
b) Bile salts
0%
c) Vitamin K
0%
d) Glucose
Explanation
Vitamin B12 is absorbed just before the small intestine joins the large intestine. Bile salts are reabsorbed in the distal ileum and the ascending colon. Small intestine The small intestine in the adult is approximately 22 feet long and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The small intestine wall is arranged in folds of absorptive cells and villi. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine including minerals, vitamins, proteins, and fats. Iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc are absorbed almost immediately after leaving the stomach – ie, in the 8 feet of the duodenum and the jejunum. Sugars and vitamin C, as well as thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and folic acid, are absorbed in the upper third of the small intestine. Protein is absorbed approximately midway through the ileum. Vitamins A, D, E, and K, fats, and cholesterol are absorbed in the lower third of the ileum. Answer : (b)
Q.47
Germs entering the body along with food are killed in alimentary canal where pH is ...[ MPPMT 1990]
0%
a) 10
0%
b) 7
0%
c) 3
0%
d) 11
Explanation
The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen Answer : (c)
Q.48
The hardest constituent of tooth is [ MP PMT 1995]
0%
a) Bone
0%
b) Dentine
0%
c) Enamal
0%
d) Pulp
Explanation
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals. The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate Answer : (c)
Q.49
Starch is changed to maltose by ...[ CPMT 1999 ]
0%
a) Diastase/amylase
0%
b) Invertase
0%
c) Lipase
0%
d) Zymase
Explanation
The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Diastase is an enzyme group that is originally found in malt and it is produced when the germination of the seeds happens. Diastase transforms starch into maltose and after that it converts it this into glucose Answer : (a)
Q.50
Bow-shaped legs in children are due to deficiency of vitamin [ J.K.C.M.E.E. 1992 ]
0%
a) D
0%
b) A
0%
c) B
0%
d) C
Explanation
Rickets (Bowed legs and double malleoli ) is caused due to Vitamin ‘D’ deficiency or improper metabolism of vitamin D, Answer : (a)
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