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Digestion And Absorption Mcq
Quiz 19
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Q.1
Maximum energy is available on complete oxidation of ...[CET Chd. 2001 ]
0%
a) Glucose
0%
b) Fat
0%
c) Protein
0%
d) Organic acid
Explanation
Standard caloric values for macronutrients are: Carbohydrates: 4.1 kcal/g Protein: 5.6 kcal/g (but in the body is only 4.1 kcal/g due to incomplete oxidation) Fat: 9.3 kcal/g Ethanol: 7 kcal/g Answer : (b)
Q.2
Rickets can be prevented by taking .... [MPPMT 2000 ]
0%
a) Calciferol
0%
b) Carrots
0%
c) Oranges
0%
d) Green vegetables
Explanation
Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency , Calciferol is vitamin D Answer : (a)
Q.3
Vitamin D is synthesised by body from ... [CMC 2002 ]
0%
a) LDL cholesterol
0%
b) HDL cholesterol
0%
c) Triglycerides
0%
d) Cellulose
Explanation
Vitamin D is linked to HDL cholesterol because we need cholesterol in our skins cells to make vitamin D from sunlight. Answer : (b)
Q.4
Which enzyme initiates protein digestion? [ MPPMT 1997 ]
0%
a) Pepsin
0%
b) Trypsin
0%
c) Aminopeptidase
0%
d) Carboxypeptidase
Explanation
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. Trypsin. An activated serine amino acid in trypsin cleaves protein chains. Aminopeptidases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus (N-terminus) of proteins or peptides Carboxypeptidase is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide. Answer : (a)
Q.5
In human beings cellulose is digested by ... [ KCET 1999 ]
0%
a) Enzymes
0%
b) Symbiotic bacteria
0%
c) Symbiotic protozoans
0%
d) None of above
Explanation
Humans are unable to digest cellulose because the appropriate enzymes to breakdown the cellulose are lacking. Some ruminants like cows and sheep contain certain symbiotic anaerobic bacteria (like Cellulomonas) in the flora of the rumen, and these bacteria produce enzymes called cellulases that help the microorganism to digest cellulose; the breakdown products are then used by the bacteria for proliferation. Answer : (d)
Q.6
Hormone that stimulates stomach to secrete gastric juice is ....[CBSE 1998 ]
0%
a) Gastrin
0%
b) Cholecystokinin
0%
c) Secretin
0%
d) Enterogastrone
Explanation
Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility Answer : (d)
Q.7
Which is true about digestion and absorption of food? ...[CBSE 2009 ]
0%
a) 60% starch is hydrolysed by salivary amylase
0%
b) Oxyntic cells secrete pepsinogen
0%
c) Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles passed in intestine into blood capillaries
0%
d) Fructose and amino acids are absorbed in intestine with the help of carrier ions of Na+
Explanation
Oxyntic cells (also known as Parietal or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. Chylomicron: A small fat globule composed of protein and lipid (fat). Fructose and amino acids are absorbed in intestine with the help of carrier ions of Na+ Answer : (d)
Q.8
Niacin deficiency produces ...[DPMT 2003 ]
0%
a) Scurvy
0%
b) marasmus
0%
c) Pellagra
0%
d) Osteomalacia
Explanation
Pellagra is a disease characterised by diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia. If left untreated, death is the usual outcome. It occurs as a result of niacin (vitamin B-3) deficiency Answer : (c)
Q.9
Which one of the vitamins can be synthesis by gut bacteria? [ JIPMET 2000 ]
0%
a) K
0%
b) B1
0%
c) D
0%
d) C
Explanation
There are two sources of this essential vitamin, including vitamin K1, or phylloquinone which is primarily found in green leafy vegetables and vitamin K2 or menaquinone which is synthesized by certain intestinal bacteria. Answer : (a)
Q.10
Dentine is produced by ...[Odisha 2006 ] c) Chondroblasts
0%
a) Osteoblasts
0%
b) Odontoblasts
0%
d) Ameloblasts.
0%
Explanation
Explanation
The formation of dentin, known as dentinogenesis, begins prior to the formation of enamel and is initiated by the odontoblasts of the pulp. Answer : (b)
Q.11
Which is correct about diastema ....[Odisha 2010 ]
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a) Gap between nerves
0%
b) Gap between cells
0%
c) Gap between bones
0%
d) Gap between the teeth
Explanation
A diastema (plural diastemata) is a space or gap between two teeth. Answer : (d)
Q.12
Secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted by... [ CBSE 2004 ]
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a) Ileum
0%
b) Oesophagus
0%
c) Duodenum
0%
d) Pyloric stomach
Explanation
Cholecystokinin (CCK), a digestive hormone released with secretin when food from the stomach reaches the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Answer : (c)
Q.13
Wall of stomach is protected against action of HCl by .....[JKCMEE 2010 ]
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a) Epidermal layer
0%
b) Mesodermal layer
0%
c) Mucus layer
0%
d) Amuscular layer
Explanation
Wall of stomach is protected against action of HCl by Mucus layer Answer : (c)
Q.14
Which is not a disorder of digestive system ...[HPPMT 2010 ]
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a) Emphysema
0%
b) Jaundice
0%
c) Constipation
0%
d) Vomiting
Explanation
Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath Answer : (a)
Q.15
Bile salt activate enzyme ...[WB 2010 ]
0%
a) Pepsinogen
0%
b) Trypsinogen
0%
c) Lipase
0%
d) Pancreatic amylase
Explanation
The digestive enzyme, pancreatic lipase, is water soluble and can only work at the surface of fat globules. Bile salts and phospholipids are amphipathic(having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) molecules that are present in the bile produces fat globules Answer : (c)
Q.16
Green colour of bile us due to ....
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a) Biliverdin
0%
b) Sodium taurocholate
0%
c) sodium glycogen
0%
d) Bilirubin
Explanation
Bile is green because it contains the green pigment biliverdin, which is formed by a breakdown of hemoglobin Answer : (a)
Q.17
Angiotensinogen is protein secreted by ... [ CBSE 2006]
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a) Juxtaglomerular cells
0%
b) Macula densa cells
0%
c) Endothelial cells
0%
d) Liver cells
Explanation
Angiotensinogen (AGT) is an α-2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver Answer : (d)
Q.18
Ileum is characterised by ....
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a) Brunner's glands and finger like villi
0%
b) Club-shaped villi and Peyer's patches
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c) Brunner's galnds and Club-shaped villi
0%
d) Peyer's glands and Brunner's gland
Explanation
Club-shaped villi and Peyer's patches are found Ileum Answer : (b)
Q.19
Cholecystokinin stimulates
0%
a) Gall bladder
0%
b) Pancreas
0%
c) Liver
0%
d) Testis
Explanation
Cholecystokinin (CCK), a digestive hormone released with secretin when food from the stomach reaches the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). It stimulates delivery into the small intestine of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. Answer : (a,b)
Q.20
Function of vitamin K is ....
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a) Blood clotting
0%
b) Sugar metabolism
0%
c) Regulation of respiration
0%
d) Regulation of calcium and phosphate
Explanation
Function of vitamin K is Blood clotting Answer : (a)
Q.21
It is not absorbed in absence of carrier molecule ...[Guj CET 2008 ]
0%
a) Cholesterol
0%
b) fructose
0%
c) Fatty acid
0%
d) Monoglyceride
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.22
What will help in protein digestion in stomach? [ BHU 2008]
0%
a) Pepsin
0%
b) Trypsin
0%
c) Ptyalin
0%
d) Rennin
Explanation
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease). It is produced in the stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes Answer : (a)
Q.23
What is correct about the statements? Statement A : Blood sugar level falls rapidly after hepatectomy Statement B : Glycogen of liver is principal source of blood sugar .... {KCET 2009 ]
0%
a) Statement A and B correct with B being reason of A
0%
b) Statement A is correct but B is wrong
0%
c) Statement A is wrong but B is correct
0%
d) Both correct but B is not reason of A
Explanation
Polysaccharides in the carbohydrate food is main source of blood sugar Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver and the muscles and provides the body with a readily available source of energy if blood glucose levels decrease. Thus Statement B is wrong Answer : (b)
Q.24
Match the columns and choose the correct option
Column I
Column II
i) Goblet cells
a) Antibacterial agent
ii) Lysozyme
b) Mucus
iii) Saliva
c) HCl
iv) Oxyntic cells
d) Sublingual gland
0%
a) i - b ; ii - a; iii - d; iv - c
0%
b) i - c ; ii - a; iii - d; iv - b
0%
c) i - a ; ii - c; iii - d; iv - b
0%
d) i - b ; ii - c; iii - a; iv - d
Explanation
goblet cells is to secrete mucus in order to protect the mucous membranes where they are found i-b Bacterial cell walls contain a layer of peptidoglycan, which is the specific site that lysozyme targets. ii -a sublingual glands secrete a saliva iii-d Oxyntic cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) iv-c Answer : (a)
Q.25
Osteomalacia is deficiency disease of .... [ WB 2011 ]
0%
a) infants due to protein -energy malnutrition
0%
b) Adults due to protein - energy malnutrition
0%
c) Adults due to vitamin D deficiency
0%
d) Infants due to vitamin K deficiency
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.26
Which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin....[Bih PMT 2011 ]
0%
a) Vitamin B-complex
0%
b) Vitamin D
0%
c) Vitamin E
0%
d) Vitamin A
Explanation
Vitamins A, D, E, and K dissolve in organic solvents whereas the B vitamins and vitamin C dissolve in water. Answer : (a)
Q.27
main cation of extra cellular fluid is ...
0%
a) Iron
0%
b) Potassium
0%
c) Calcium
0%
d) Sodium
Explanation
Within the extracellular fluid, the major cation is sodium and the major anion is chloride. The major cation in the intracellular fluid is potassium. Answer : (d)
Q.28
Secretory glands occur in the gut layer ...[Guj CET 2008 ]
0%
a) Serosa
0%
b) Muscularis
0%
c) Mucosa
0%
d) Submucosa
Explanation
The glands themselves are in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and they open into the bases of the gastric pits formed by the epithelium. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Point out the wrong enzymatic reaction ....
0%
a)
0%
b)
0%
c)
0%
d)
Explanation
Lactase to break down lactose into two smaller particles called glucose and galactose. Answer : (b)
Q.30
Production of gastro-intestinal secretions and movement soon after ingestion of food are brought about by
0%
a) Central nervous system
0%
b) Sympathetic nervous system
0%
c) Hormones
0%
d) Parasympathetic nervous system
Explanation
The PNS is responsible for stimulating digestion by increasing blood flow to the digestive tract. Parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract Answer : (d)
Q.31
What will happen if secretion of parietal cell of gastric glands is blocked? [ CBSE 2008 ]
0%
a) Gastric juice is deficient of pepsinogen
0%
b) Gastric juice is deficient of chymosin
0%
c) Deficiency of HCl leads to non-conversion of inactive pepsinogen into active pepsin
0%
d) Non release of enterokinase from duodenal Secretion decreases blood sugar level
Explanation
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. Answer : (c)
Q.32
Which one is not correctly matched ....[CBSE 2004 ]
0%
a) B12 - Pernicious anaemia
0%
b) Vitamin B6 - Loss of appetite
0%
c) B1 - Beri-beri
0%
d) B2 - Pellagra
Explanation
vitamin B-3 deficiency causes Pellagra vitamin B2 deficiency causes throat swelling/soreness, a swollen tongue, skin cracking (including cracked corners of the mouth), dermatitis, and anemia. Answer : (d)
Q.33
α cells of pancreas secrete
0%
a) Amylase
0%
b) Insulin
0%
c) Trypsinogen
0%
d) Glucagon
Explanation
α cells of pancreas secrete the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood Answer : (d)
Q.34
Epiglottis is meant for protecting .....
0%
a) Oesophagus from entry of air
0%
b) Larynx from entry of food
0%
c) Nasal chambers from entry of food
0%
d) Tung from glottis
Explanation
Epiglottis is meant for protecting Larynx from entry of food Answer : (b)
Q.35
Assertion : Wounds heal slowly due to vitaminC deficiency Reason : Vitamin C is essential for collagen formation
0%
a) Both are true with reason being correct explanation
0%
b) Both are true but reason is not correct explanation
0%
c) Assertion is true but reason is wrong
0%
d) Both are wrong
Explanation
Wound heal slowly may be due to infection, Answer : (b)
Q.36
What is correct about mammalian palate...... [BHU 2008 ] Primary structure. Parallel to original roof of mouth cavity. Tertiary structure. Secondary structure.
0%
a) 1, 2, 3 correct
0%
b) 1, 2 correct
0%
c) 2, 4 correct
0%
d) 1,3 correct
Explanation
The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. It is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone, and spans the arch formed by the upper teeth and is secondary structure. Answer : (c)
Q.37
Which one is correctly matched? [ AIIMS 2008 ]
0%
a) Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans Secretion decreases blood sugar level
0%
b) Oxyntic cells - pH between 2.0 - 3.0
0%
c) Kupffer cells - Digestive enzyme that hydrolyses nucleic acids
0%
d) Sebaceous glands - On evaporation of secretion cooling is caused
Explanation
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans secrete the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood. Option a wrong Oxyntic cells secrete HCl option b correct Kupffer cells digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to healthy body cells on its surface Option c wrong Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals. Option d wrong Answer : (b)
Q.38
Frenulum is ....
0%
a) Adenoid present on pharyngeal wall
0%
b) V-shaped sulcus dividing tongue into pharyngeal and oral parts
0%
c) Fold attaching tongue
0%
d) Tonsil found on lateral walls of soft palate
Explanation
a small fold or ridge of tissue which supports or checks the motion of the part to which it is attached, in particular a fold of skin beneath the tongue, or between the lip and the gum. Answer : (c)
Q.39
Increased liquidity of faecal discharge associated with reduced absorption of food is ...[ HPPMT 2012 ]
0%
a) Vomiting
0%
b) Indigestion
0%
c) Constipation
0%
d) Diarrhoea
Explanation
Diarrhoea: The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea. It reduces the absorption of food. Answer : (d)
Q.40
on Q123) Which of the following is correct pairing of site of action and substrate of rennin?
0%
a) mouth-starch
0%
b) stomach-fat
0%
c) stomach –casein
0%
d) small intestine-casein
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.41
Helicobacter pylori causes...
0%
a) Dipnoea
0%
b) Peptic ulcers
0%
c) Liver cirrhosis
0%
d) Bronchitis
Explanation
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria. These germs can enter your body and live in your digestive tract. After many years, they can cause sores, called ulcers, in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine Answer : (b)
Q.42
Glycogenolysis involves ...[RPMT 2011 ]
0%
a) Conversion of sugar into glycogen
0%
b) Oxidation of sugar
0%
c) Conversion of glycogen into fat
0%
d) Conversion of glycogen into sugar
Explanation
Glycogenolysis involves Conversion of glycogen into sugar Answer : (d)
Q.43
The term vitamin was introduced by ....
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a) Pasteur
0%
b) Funk
0%
c) Priestley
0%
d) Lister
Explanation
The term vitamin was introduced Casimir Funk Answer : (b)
Q.44
Protein digesting enzyme is ...[Bih. PMT 2006 ]
0%
a) Pepsin
0%
b) Chymotrypsinogen
0%
c) Trophoprotein
0%
d) Amylase
Explanation
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease) Answer : (a)
Q.45
Haemorrhoids are ...
0%
a) Longitudinal folds of rectum
0%
b) Small pouches of coln
0%
c) Enlarged rectal veins
0%
d) Outgrowths of anal canal
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.46
Assertion : Emulsification is necessary for the digestion. Reason : After emulsification , enzyme amylase become active
0%
a) Both are true with reason being correct explanation
0%
b) Both are true but reason is not correct explanation
0%
c) Assertion is true but reason is wrong
0%
d) Both are wrong
Explanation
The digestive enzyme, pancreatic lipase, is water soluble and can only work at the surface of fat globules Amylase is found in two main areas – saliva in the mouth and pancreatic juice in the pancreas Enzyme amylase, on the other hand, is a starch - hydrolysing enzyme which has no role in fat digestion. Answer : (c)
Q.47
Match the columns and find the correct combination
Column I
Column II
a) Ptyalin
i) Lipids
b) Pepsin
ii) Starch
C) Steapsin
iii) DNA
d) Nuclease
iv) Protein
0%
a) a - i ; b - iii; c - ii, d - iv
0%
b) a - i ; b - iv; c - iii, d - ii
0%
c) a - ii ; b - iv; c - i, d - iii
0%
d) a - ii ; b - iii; c - i, d - iv
Explanation
Ptyalin (Salivary amylase) is found in saliva and breaks starch into maltose and dextrin a-ii Pepsin the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides. b- iv Steapsin A digestive enzyme of pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats to fatty acids and glycerol c-i Nuclease an enzyme that cleaves the chains of nucleotides in nucleic acids into smaller units. d- iii Answer : (c)
Q.48
Long term energy storage occurs in the form of ...[Odisha 2009 ] Excess carbohydrate and protein in the diet are converted into fat. Only a relatively small amount of energy is stored in animals as glycogen or other carbohydrates
0%
a) Glucose
0%
b) Amino acids
0%
c) Glycogen
0%
d) Fat
Explanation
Excess carbohydrate and protein in the diet are converted into fat. Answer : (d)
Q.49
Assertion : Leaver assists in digestion of fat Reason: Hepatic secretion contains bile salt which emulsify fat
0%
a) Both are true with reason being correct explanation
0%
b) Both are true but reason is not correct explanation
0%
c) Assertion is true but reason is wrong
0%
d) Both are wrong
Explanation
Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Hepatic secretion contains bile salt which emulsify fat and it to ,makes easy for action of digestive enzyme, pancreatic lipase to work at the surface of fat globules Answer : (b)
Q.50
Find out the correct sequence of substrate enzyme and product ..[CBSE 2008 ]
0%
a)
0%
b)
0%
c)
0%
d)
Explanation
starch is partially transformed into maltose by the pancreatic or salivary enzymes called amylases; maltase secreted by the intestine then converts maltose into glucose Answer : (d)
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