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Digestion And Absorption Mcq
Quiz 20
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Q.1
Cannibals feed on
0%
a) Carcases
0%
b) Blood
0%
c) Carnivores
0%
d) Members of own species
Explanation
Cannibalism, in zoology, the eating of any animal by another member of the same species. Cannibalism frequently serves as a mechanism to control population or to ensure the genetic contribution of an individual. Answer : (d)
Q.2
Sphincter of Oddi is associated with opening of ,,,[ JKCMEE 2008 ]
0%
a) Hepato-pancreatic ampulla
0%
b) Oesophagus
0%
c) Common hepatic duct
0%
d) Pyloric stomach
Explanation
The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices bile and pancreatic juice through hepatopancreatic ampulla or the hepatopancreatic duct, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. Answer : (a)
Q.3
Uvula can close the opening of
0%
a) Internal nares
0%
b) Glottis
0%
c) larynx
0%
d) Eustachian tube
Explanation
uvula move superiorly to close off the nasopharynx, preventing food from entering the nasal cavity. Internal nares (or choanae) are present only in air-breathing vertebrates and open into the mouth cavity.Posterior to the internal nares the passages open into the nasopharynx. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Trypsinogen is converted into active trypsin by the action of ...
0%
a) Secretin
0%
b) Enterokinase
0%
c) Cholecystokinin
0%
d) Enterocrinin
Explanation
Enterokinase, secreted from the duodenal mucosa, that changes the inactive pancreatic secretion trypsinogen into trypsin, one of the enzymes that digest proteins. Answer : (b)
Q.5
Which is not a gastrointestinal hormone? [ CET Chd. 2009 ]
0%
a) Cholecystokinin
0%
b) Gastrin
0%
c) Secretin
0%
d) Cortisol
Explanation
Cortisol is a hormone releases when body under stress. Cortisol can help control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, help reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation. It has a controlling effect on salt and water balance and helps control blood pressure Answer : (d)
Q.6
Match the columns and choose the correct option
Column I
Column II
a) Salivary amylase
Proteins
b) Bile salts
Milk proteins
c) Rennin
Starch
d) Pepsin
Lipids
e) Steapsin
Emulsification of fats
0%
a) a - 5; b - 4; c - 1; d - 2; e - 3
0%
b) a - 2; b - 3; c - 4; d - 5; e - 1
0%
c) a - 2; b - 4; c - 3; d - 1; e - 5
0%
d) a - 3; b - 5; c - 2; d - 1; e - 4
Explanation
salivary amylase begins the digestive process by breaking down starch a-3 Bile salts The function of bile salts in the duodenum is to solubilize ingested fat and fat-soluble vitamins, facilitating their digestion and absorption b-5 Rennin -Its role in digestion is to curdle or coagulate milk in the stomach c-2 Pepsin- the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides d-1 Steapsin A digestive enzyme of pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats to fatty acids and glycerol e- 4 Answer : (d)
Q.7
Riboflavin is ...[MPPMT 2012 ]
0%
a) Vitamin A
0%
b) Vitamin B2
0%
c) Vitamin C
0%
d) Vitamin B12
Explanation
riboflavin , also known as Vitamin B2 , is one of the eight B-complex vitamins. Like other B vitamins, it plays a role in energy production in the body Answer : (b)
Q.8
An incorrect match is ...[AFMC 2008 ]
0%
a) B12 - Pernicious anaemia
0%
b) B6 - Loss of appetite
0%
c) B1 - Beri-beri
0%
d) B2 - Pellagra
Explanation
Beri-Beri caused by deficiency of B1 Answer : (d)
Q.9
Most of the fats absorbed in small intestine enter...[CET Chd. 2009 ]
0%
a) Lacteal
0%
b) Venule
0%
c) Microvilli
0%
d) Arteriole
Explanation
A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine. Answer : (a)
Q.10
If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially nonfunctional, what is likely to happen...[ CBSE mains 2010 ]
0%
a) Pancreatic enzymes, specially trypsinanad lipase will not work efficiently
0%
b) proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin to protesoses and peptones
0%
c) PH of stomach will fall abruptly
0%
d) Steapsin will not be effective
Explanation
Parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) are the stomach epithelium cells which secrete gastric acid. Stomach acid does not digest protein. Rather, it activates an enzyme called pepsinogen which then becomes pepsin that is secreted by the stomach wall. This enzyme is only active within the pH range of 3.0 to 5.0 and requires the acid to maintain that pH. if reqired amount of HCl is not prodced then proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin to protesoses and peptones Answer : (b)
Q.11
Taenia coli are constituents of
0%
a) Rectum
0%
b) Colon
0%
c) Duodenum
0%
d) Ileum
Explanation
The taeniae coli (also teniae coli) are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. Answer : (b)
Q.12
Carboxypeptidase is secreted by ...[kerala 2004 ]
0%
a) Pancreas
0%
b) Stomach
0%
c) Salivary glands
0%
d) Intestine
Explanation
The enzyme carboxypeptidase A is secreted by the pancreas and is used to speed up this hydrolysis reaction Answer : (a)
Q.13
Coprophagy occurs in ... [RPMT 2005]
0%
a) Insectivorous animals like Frog
0%
b) Carnivorous animal like Tiger
0%
c) Herbivorous animals like Rabbit
0%
d) None of above
Explanation
Coprophagy, eating of dung, or feces, certain members of the order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) and in at least one leaf-eating primate (genus Lepilemur). Answer : (c)
Q.14
Most abundant mineral of animal body is ...[WB 2010]
0%
a) Iron
0%
b) Calcium
0%
c) Potassium
0%
d) Sodium
Explanation
Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant mineral in the body and is essential for a number of vital functions. The skeleton contains about 99% of the body’s calcium with approximately 1kg present in adult bones. The major constituents of bone are calcium and phosphate, forming hydroxyapatite, Calcium also plays a vital role in many systems including intracellular signalling to enable the integration and regulation of metabolic processes, the transmission of information via the nervous system, the control of muscle contraction (including the heart) and blood clotting. Answer : (b)
Q.15
fats are hydrolysed by lipase to yield ....[ MPPMT 2012 ]
0%
a) Glycerol and fatty acids
0%
b) Fatty acids and amino acids
0%
c) Glycerin and water
0%
d) Glycerol and amino acids
Explanation
Chemically fats are esters hydrolysis of fat by liypase will yield mono- and di- glycerides and free fatty acids Answer : (a)
Q.16
Chewing is required for ....
0%
a) Solubilisation of food
0%
b) Enjoying the taste of food
0%
c) Decreasing surface area of food
0%
d) Increasing surface area of food
Explanation
The physical process of chewing food in your mouth helps to break down larger particles of food into smaller particles( increasing surface area of food). This helps to reduce stress on the esophagus and helps the stomach metabolize your food. When you chew each mouthful properly, you also release a lot of saliva, which contains digestive enzymes Answer : (d)
Q.17
Part of alimentary canal meant for reabsorption of water from chyle is ..... [ CPMT 2005]
0%
a) Small intestine
0%
b) Colon
0%
c) Large intestine
0%
d) Rectum
Explanation
The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body Answer : (c)
Q.18
Dental formula of a child is .... (Guj CET 2007 )
0%
a)
0%
b)
0%
c)
0%
d)
Explanation
Dental formula for milk teeth in humans is 2120/2120. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Bile salts help in ....[ Manipur 2009 ]
0%
a) Absorption of fats
0%
b) Digestion of fats
0%
c) Both A and B
0%
d) Excretion of fat
Explanation
The function of bile salts in the duodenum is to solubilize ingested fat and fat-soluble vitamins, facilitating their digestion and absorption. Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Answer : (c)
Q.20
A substance that prevents or delays oxidation is .... [ JKCMEE 2015 ]
0%
a) Bactericide
0%
b) Hormone
0%
c) Antioxidant
0%
d) Enzyme
Explanation
Antioxidants are defined as substances that, when present in a low concentration compared to that of oxidizable substrates, significantly delay or inhibit oxidation of that substance Examples of antioxidants include vitamins C and E, selenium, and carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Answer : (c)
Q.21
"Digestion" of food refers to
0%
a) allowing the liver to produce bile for digestion.
0%
b)allowing the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.
0%
c) allowing small molecules to cross cell membranes and be absorbed by the tract lining.
0%
d) allowing large molecules to cross cell membranes and be absorbed by the tract lining.
Explanation
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. Answer : (c)
Q.22
A person feeding on meat, egg and milk only will suffer from ...[DPMT 2008 ]
0%
a) Night blindness
0%
b) Scurvy
0%
c) Rickets
0%
d) Beri-beri
Explanation
on meat, egg and milk do not have vitamin C , thus cause Scurvy Answer : (b)
Q.23
Cattle fed on spoilt Sweet Clover having dicumarol have ...[AIIMS 2004 ]
0%
a) Excellent health due to good diet
0%
b) Catch infections readily
0%
c) May suffer vitamin K deficiency and prolonged bleeding
0%
d) May suffer from beri-beri due to vitamin B deficiency
Explanation
Dicumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. Answer : (c)
Q.24
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
0%
a)Microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption of nutrients.
0%
b)Enzymes located on the brush-border finish the digestion of chyme.
0%
c) Absorption is an active process in the small intestine.
0%
d) Sugars and amino acids cross columnar epithelial cells to enter the lacteal.
Explanation
Absorption process occurs either by the passive, active or facilitated transport mechanisms in the body. Answer : (c)
Q.25
Secretin is produced by ....[BHU 2008 ]
0%
a) Ileum
0%
b) Duodenum
0%
c) Oesophagus
0%
d) Stomach
Explanation
Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells, which are found mainly in the mucosa of the duodenum, Answer : (b)
Q.26
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about dieting?
0%
a) Weight loss occurs if the caloric intake is reduced while the same level of activity is maintained.
0%
b) The best way to lose weight is to modify behavior and to lose the weight rapidly.
0%
c) Physical activity firms up the body, puts you in the mood to keep the weight off, and burns calories.
0%
d) Heavy individuals may have many more fat cells than normal, and dieting merely causes the fat cells to get smaller.
Explanation
Dieting :A prescribed course of eating and drinking in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes. Reduction of caloric intake so as to lose weight. Answer : (b)
Q.27
In an empty stomach the mucosa is thrown into folds called
0%
a) Rugae
0%
b) Villi
0%
c) Alveoli
0%
d) None of the above
Explanation
Rugae: A fold or crease, esp. one of the folds of mucous membrane on the internal surface of the stomach. Answer : (a)
Q.28
The end products of protein hydrolysis is
0%
a) Lipids
0%
b) Mixture of amino acids
0%
c) Peptides
0%
d) 10 amino acids
Explanation
Proteolytic enzymes hydrolyze proteins at the optimum temperature and pH and usually target specific peptide cleavage bonds, resulting in digestion consisting of amino acids and peptides of varying size Answer : (b)
Q.29
Which blood vessel will transport nutrient molecules that have been absorbed by the small intestine to the liver?
0%
a)hepatic portal vein
0%
b)hepatic portal artery
0%
c) hepatic artery
0%
> d) renal vein
Explanation
The hepatic portal vein is a vessel that moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver. Answer : (a)
Q.30
DNA-ase and RNA-ase are enzymes produced by ...[BHU 2003 ]
0%
a) Salivary glands
0%
b) Pancreas
0%
c) Stomach
0%
d) Intestine
Explanation
DNAase(deoxyribonuclease) & RNAase (ribonuclease) are enzymes present in digestive juice secreted by pancreas. Answer : (b)
Q.31
Which of the following organs functions to remove poisonous substances and works to keep the contents of blood constant?
0%
a)stomach
0%
b)duodenum
0%
c) pancreas
0%
d) liver
Explanation
One of the function of liver is detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. Answer : (d)
Q.32
Ptyalin is inactivated by a component of gastric juice ...[WB. 2011 ]
0%
a) Rennin
0%
b) Pepsin
0%
c) Mucus
0%
d) HCl
Explanation
The optimum conditions for ptyalin activity are a pH range of 5.6–6.9 Salivary amylase keeps the pH in the mouth basic. Thus HCl inactivate ptyalin. Answer : (d)
Q.33
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
0%
a)converts hemoglobin from red blood cells to bile pigments that are excreted along with bile salts in bile
0%
b) detoxifies blood by removing poisonous substances
0%
c) produces urea from the breakdown of amino acids
0%
d) produces enzymes for digestion of food in the duodenum
Explanation
Although the liver produces bile salts, it does not produce any enzymes for digestion of food in the duodenum. It does perform the other listed functions. Answer : (d)
Q.34
Too much of ____ can cause kidney stones.
0%
a)vitamin C
0%
b)vitamin A
0%
c) vitamin B
0%
d) vitamin D
Explanation
Excess vitamin C is excreted from the body as oxalate, a bodily waste product. ... Consuming too much vitamin C has the potential to increase the amount of oxalate in your urine, thus increasing the risk of developing kidney stones Answer : (a)
Q.35
Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen is ....[JKCMEE 210 ])
0%
a) Glyconeogenesis
0%
b) Glycogenolysis
0%
c) Glycolysis
0%
d) Glycogenesis
Explanation
Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. Glycogen is synthesized depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. Answer : (d)
Q.36
First step in digestion of fat is ....[BHU 2003]
0%
a) Emulsification
0%
b) Enzyme action
0%
c) Absorption by lacteals
0%
d) Storage in adipose tissue
Explanation
First step in digestion of fat is Emulsification Bile salts from the liver help in emulsifying the fat in the small intestine, which means breaking it into very small droplets so they can be acted on by the enzymes. Lipase is produced by the pancreas and poured into the small intestine to break the ester bond in the triglyceride. Answer : (a)
Q.37
on Q124) Which of the following statement is wrong:
0%
a) Diastema is the natural gap between two types of teeth
0%
b) Wisdom teeth are the third molars which appear in the age of 18-25.
0%
c) Glisson’s capsule is the connective tissue sheath around liver
0%
d) Hepatic lobules are the structural and functional unit of liver
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.38
Both the crown and root of tooth is covered by hard bony substance called ... [ JKCMEE 2005 ]
0%
a) Enamel
0%
b) Dentine
0%
c) Bony socket
0%
d) Cementum
Explanation
The crown of a tooth is that part of the tooth which is covered with enamel and this is the part usually visible in the mouth. Answer : (a)
Q.39
Bile can be prevented to pass into duodenum by
0%
a) Pyloric valve
0%
b) Cardiac sphincter
0%
c) Sphincter of Boyden
0%
d) Sphincter of Oddi
Explanation
The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices bile and pancreatic juice through hepatopancreatic ampulla or the hepatopancreatic duct, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. Answer : (d)
Q.40
First portion of small intestine is called .... [ CET Chd. 2011 ]
0%
a) Jejunum
0%
b) Ileum
0%
c) Duodenum
0%
d) Cystic dust
Explanation
First portion of small intestine is called Duodenum The small intestine consists of three parts. The first part, called the duodenum, connects to the stomach. The middle part is the jejunum. The third part, called the ileum, attaches to the colon Answer : (c)
Q.41
Duodenum produces hormones
0%
a) renin and gastrin
0%
b) epinephrine and nor-epinephrine
0%
c) enterogastrone and cholecystokinin
0%
d) pituitrin
Explanation
Duodenum produces following hormones: Enterogastrone is any hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum in the lower gastrointestinal tract in response to dietary lipids that inhibits the caudal (or "forward, analward") motion of the contents of chyme. Gastrin - secreted by G cells in the duodenum where they are exposed to large quantities of incompletely digested proteins Secretin -- released when chyme arrives in the duodenum Cholecystokinin (CCK)-- secreted when chyme arrives in the duodenum, especially when the chyme contains lipid and partially digested proteins Enterocrinin - released when chyme enters the duodenum Answer : (c)
Q.42
Phagocytic cells lining blood sinuses of liver are known as...
0%
a) Enterochromaffin cells
0%
b) Kupffer's cells
0%
c) Oxyntic cells
0%
d) Zymogen cells
Explanation
Phagocytic cells lining blood sinuses of liver are known as Kupffer's cells. Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer-Browicz cells, are specialized macrophages located in the liver, lining the walls of the sinusoids that form part of the mononuclear phagocyte system Answer : (b)
Q.43
Both starch and proteins are digested by .... [ Manipal 2004 ]
0%
a) Saliva
0%
b) Pancreatic juice
0%
c) Gastric juice
0%
d) Bile
Explanation
Pancreatic juice, which is defined as an alkaline secretion of the pancreas containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats Answer : (b)
Q.44
Cattle are able to digest cellulose which humans cannot because cattle have ...[Har. PMT 2003]
0%
a) Cellulose digesting bacteria
0%
b) More efficient digestive system
0%
c) Large stomach
0%
d) Long intestine
Explanation
Cattle are able to digest cellulose which humans cannot because cattle have cellulose digesting bacteria Answer : (a)
Q.45
Substrate for amylase enzyme is ...[JKCMEE 2005 ]
0%
a) Nucleic acid
0%
b) Protein
0%
c) Starch
0%
d) Fat
Explanation
Amylase enzyme digest starch Answer : (c)
Q.46
Which one of the following vitamins can be synthesised by humans? [ HPPMT 2005 ])
0%
a) C
0%
b) A
0%
c) E
0%
d) B
Explanation
Humans cannot synthesize vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), B12 (cobalamin),C, E and K but are able to synthesize some vitamin B3 (niacin) and D. Answer : (d)
Q.47
Epithelial cells involved in absorption of digested food have on their free surface. [CBSE 2005 ]
0%
a) Zymogen granules
0%
b) Pinocytic vesicles
0%
c) Phagocytic vesicles
0%
d) Microvilli
Explanation
Microvilli on the surface of epithelial cells such as those lining the intestine increase the cell's surface area and thus facilitate the absorption of ingested food and water molecules Answer : (d)
Q.48
Marasmus is caused by deficiency of ...[JKCMEE 210 ]
0%
a) protein
0%
b) Riboflavin
0%
c) Niacin
0%
d) Thiamine
Explanation
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency. It can be distinguished from kwashiorkor in that kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake whereas marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein. Answer : (a)
Q.49
Proportion of which should be increased in diet to improve strength and growth of bones ...[Guj CET 2011 ]
0%
a) Vit D, Ca2+ and Vit. K
0%
b) Vit D, Ca2+ and Iodine
0%
c) Vit D, Ca2+ and Vit.A
0%
d) Vit D, Ca2+ and Zn2+
Explanation
Several immune system functions are dependent on sufficient vitamin A, which is why it is known as an important immune booting vitamin. Genes involved in immune responses are regulated by Vitamin A One of the most important roles of vitamin D is to maintain skeletal calcium balance by promoting calcium absorption in the intestines Calcium is a mineral that helps bones stay strong. Our bodies continually remove small amounts of calcium from our bones and replace it with new calcium, a bone "remodeling" process Answer : (c)
Q.50
The deficiency of vitamin known to cause abortion in early pregnancy of Rat [ EAMCET 2005 ]
0%
a) Retinol
0%
b) Calciferol
0%
c) Tocopherol
0%
d) Naphthoquinone
Explanation
Vitamin E is a group of compounds (including tocopherols and tocotrienols) Vitamin E deficiency causes pregnant rats to abort, but no such relationship has been confirmed in human pregnancy. Answer : (c)
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