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Q.1
Cleidoic eggs occur in ... ... [ MPPMT 2002 ]
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a) Insects
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b) Fishes
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c) Mammals
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d) Reptiles and birds
Explanation
On the basis of presence or absence of shell, eggs are differentiated into (a)Cleidoic eggs are the type of egg which reptiles and birds lay. It's characteristic is that it is surrounded by water proof shell. (b) Noncleiodic eggs in which shell is absent. Answer : (d)
Q.2
In insect egg, cleavage is ... ... [ RPMT 2002 ]
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a) Equal holoblastic
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b) Unequal holoblastic
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c) Meroblastic superficial
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d) Meroblastic discoidal
Explanation
Meroblastic superficial: Cleavage furrows divide zygote nucleus repeatedly without the division of egg cytoplasm. Example: insects. Answer : (c)
Q.3
In centrolecithal eggs, the cleavage is ... ... [ JKCMEE 1992 ]
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a) Equal holoblastic
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b) Unequal holoblastic
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c) Meroblastic discoidal
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d) Meroblastic superficial
Explanation
Centrolecithal: Yolk is concentrated in the centre in the centre and the cytoplasm is peripheral. It is seen in insect eggs. Eggs of insects undergo meroblastic superficial cleavage. Meroblastic superficial: Cleavage furrows divide zygote nucleus repeatedly without the division of egg cytoplasm. Answer : (d)
Q.4
Animals with cleidoic eggs show ... ... [ KCET 2011 ]
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a) External fertilization, internal development
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b) internal fertilization, internal development
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c) External fertilization, external development
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d) Internal fertilization, external development
Explanation
The cleidoic egg is the type of egg which reptiles and birds lay. These eggs have a protective shell, and are laid out of water. Because the eggs are laid on land, internal fertilisation is needed. The young one develops inside the egg. So the development is outside the body of these animals and is called as external development. Answer : (d)
Q.5
Spreading of presumptive ectoderm on underlying mass of cells is ... .... [ RPMT 1998 ]
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a) Epiboly
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b) Invagination
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c) Ingression
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d) Delamination
Explanation
Epiboly: Overgrowth of ectoderm around the endoderm forming region. It occurs in frog where micromeres divide rapidly in the animal half and over the megameres over spread the vegetal half. Other options are example of emboly. Emboly is migration of prospective endodermal and mesodermal cells from the surface into the interior of the embryo. Answer : (a)
Q.6
Which is incorrect about the process of gastrulation ... ... [ Manipur 2005 ]
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a) Movement and rearrangement of cells
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b) Rapid division of cells by mitotic cell division
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c) Formation of three germinal layers
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d) Formation of archenteron
Explanation
Gastrulation: Transformation of the blastocyst into gastrula with primary germ layers by rearrangemnt of the cells is called gastrulation. The primary gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing zygote is known as the archenteron, the gastrocoel or the primitive digestive tube. It develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of an animal. All the option excluding option(b) is correct. Answer : (b)
Q.7
Braxton Hicks contractions occur during ... ... [ Chd. CET 2012 ]
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a) Passage of food through alimentary canal
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b) Peristalsis
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c) Pregnancy
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d) Lactation
Explanation
Braxton Hicks contractions are a tightening in your abdomen that comes and goes. They are contractions of your uterus in preparation for giving birth. They tone the muscles in your uterus and may also help prepare the cervix for birth. Answer : (c)
Q.8
Assertion: Holoblastic cleavage with almost equal sized blastomere is characteristic of placental mammal Reason: Eggs of most mammals including humans are centrolecithal ... ... [ AIIMS 2003 ]
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
Holoblastic cleavage(Equal): Cleavage furrows extend completely through the entire length of the egg and bisect it into equal or almost equal sized blastomeres. It is seen in marsupial and placental mammals. Assertion is true. Centrolecithal eggs are seen in insects. Reason is false. Answer : (c)
Q.9
Amniotes include ... ... [ Wardha 2001 ]
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a) Fishes, reptiles and amphibians
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b) Amphibians, birds and reptiles
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c) Birds, reptiles and mammals
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d) Amphibians, reptiles and mammals
Explanation
Amniotes are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates that comprise sauropsids (including reptiles and birds) and synapsids (including mammals). They are distinguished by a membrane (amnion) protecting the embryo and a lack of a larval stage. Answer : (c)
Q.10
In the development of Frog, gastrulation is followed by ... ... [ BHU 1996 ]
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a) Invagination
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b) Emboly
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c) Epiboly
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d) All the above
Explanation
During gastrulation, cells from one region of embryo move to another to take up their future fateful position. In frog, at the onset of gastrulation a great mass migration started to occupy their definite position in the developing embryo. Gastrulation begins with the appearance of a small cleft-like invagination at one side and just above the grey crescent. Epiboly is also seen, and Invagination is a part of emboly. Thus, all the options are correct. Answer : (d)
Q.11
What is the correct observation regarding size of egg, blastula and gastrula of Frog ... ... [ KCET 2005 ]
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a) There is progressive increase in size from zygote to blastula to gastrula
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b) All the three are of same size
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c) Zygote is smaller while blastula and gastrula are larger
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d) Gastrula is larger while zygote and blastula are of same size
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.12
A morula can be differentiated from blastula in ... ... [ MPPMT 1992 ]
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a) Presence of cavity
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b) Presence of more yolk
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c) Presence of yolk
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d) Absence of cavity
Explanation
The main difference between morula and blastula is that morula is a spherical mass of blastomeres, which are formed following the splitting of a zygote whereas blastula is an early developmental stage of the embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid. Morula is solid cell mass whereas blastula has a hollow structure. Answer : (d)
Q.13
Layer of blastocyst that gives rise to ectoderm is ... ... [ MPPMT 1995 ]
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a) Trophectoderm
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b) Embryo disc
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c) Cnidoblast
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d) Amnion
Explanation
Early blastocyst consists of inner cell mass and trophoblast. While in late blastocyst, inner cell mass becomes differentiated into epiblast and hypoblast with an amniotic cavity. Both the hypoblast and epiblast form a disc called the embryonic disc. Answer : (b)
Q.14
Correct sequence of human embryonic development is ... .... [ Chd. CET 2012 ]
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a) Gastrocoel - Blastocoel - Neural Crest - Notochord
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b) Gastrocoel - Blastocoel - Notochord - neural crest
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c) Blastocoel - Neural crest - Gastrocoel - Notochord
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d) Blastocoel - Gastrocoel - Neural crest - Notochord
Explanation
Trophoblast secretes a fluid into the interior. It creates a cavity called blastocoel. The primary gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing zygote is known as the archenteron, the gastrocoel or the primitive digestive tube. The gastrulation is followed by neurulation, during which the primordium of nervous system, the neural plate is laid down. Neurulation is a process in which the neural plate bends up and later fuses to form the hollow tube that will eventually differentiate into the brain and the spinal cord of the central nervous system. Answer : (d)
Q.15
Termination of gastrulation is marked by ... ... [ AIIMS 1998 ]
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a) Closure of blastocoel
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b) Obliteration of archenteron
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c) Obliteration of blastocoel
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d) Closure of neural tube
Explanation
The blastocoel progressively shrinks and eventually disappears, which marks the end of gastrulation. Answer : (c)
Q.16
Cumulus oophorus represents ... ... [ Pb PMT 2002 ]
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a) Heap of eggs
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b) Heap of maturing follicles
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c) Mass of cells in graafian follicle
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d) Mass of sperms embedded in Sertoli cells
Explanation
The cumulus oophorus, (discus proligerus), is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. In the antral follicle, it may be regarded as an extension of the membrana granulosa. The innermost layer of these cells is the corona radiata. Answer : (c)
Q.17
Vascular tissue is derived from ... ... [ kcet 1994 ]
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a) Epithelium
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b) Ectoderm
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c) All germinal layers
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d) Mesoderm
Explanation
The vascular system, also called the circulatory system, is made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph through the body. Blood circulatory system is erived from mesoderm. Answer : (d)
Q.18
Relative size of egg cell, morula, blastula and gastrula cells are ... ... [ CPMT 1993 ]
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a) Egg cell is the smallest and gastrula cell is the largest
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b) All are of equal size
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c) Egg cell is the largest and morula cell is the smallest
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d) Egg cell is the largest and gastrula cell is smallest
Explanation
The egg cell is the largest human cell. It measures from 0.15 to 0.2 mm and is just visible to the naked eye (largest). Morula is a 32-celled structure with size dimensions of 60-85 micrometers (smallest). The blastula has a diameter of about 0.1-0.2 mm and has 200-300 cells which follow rapid cell division i.e. cleavage. The gastrula is an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells. Answer : (c)
Q.19
An organ not formed from ectoderm is ... ... [ DPMT 2001 ]
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a) Optic nerve
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b) Middle ear
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c) Inner ear
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d) Skin
Explanation
Middle ear is derived from endoderm. Answer : (b)
Q.20
In development, Eustachian tube is ... ... [ MPPMT 1990 ]
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a) Ectodermal
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b) Mesodermal
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c) Endodermal
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d) Both mesodermal and endodermal
Explanation
In anatomy, the Eustachian tube, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube, is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear, of which it is also a part. Middle ear is derived from endoderm. Answer : (c)
Q.21
Biradial cleavage is found in ... ... [ MPPMT 2010 ]
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a) Tunicates
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b) Protozoans
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c) Coelenterates
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d) Annelids
Explanation
Biradial cleavage: When the first three divisions do not cut straight the axis of egg. It is seen ctenophorans. Cnidaria and Ctenophora are two types of phyla composed of coelenterates. Answer : (c)
Q.22
Which is not mesodermal in origin ... ... [ JKCET 2004 ]
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a) Circulatory system
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b) Nervous system
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c) Muscular system
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d) Skeletal tissue
Explanation
Brain, spinal cors, cranial and spinal motor nerves constitute nervous sysytem. Nervous system is ectodermal in origin. Answer : (b)
Q.23
Which is correct sequence of egg layers from outside to inside ... ... [ CPMT 1996 ]
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a) Radiata, Proliferous and Pellucida
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b) Proliferous, Radiata and Pellucida
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c) Proliferous, Yolk Sac and Radiata
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.24
Which type of blastula occurs in Frog? [ manipla 2005 ]
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a) Stereoblastula
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b) Coeloblastula
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c) Holoblastula
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d) Amphiblastula
Explanation
Coeloblastula: Blastoderm is formed of a single layer of cells. Blastocoel is present, which is filled with mucopolysacc harides. Example frog, Amphioxus, Echinoderms. Answer : (b)
Q.25
Which one is produced by mesoderm? [ JKMCEE 1994 ]
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a) Heart and notochord
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b) Heart and brain
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c) Spinal cord and notochord
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d) Brain and notochord
Explanation
Brain, spinal cord is derived from ectoderm. Heart and notochord is derived from mesoderm. Answer : (a)
Q.26
Jaw bones are formed from ... ... [ Uttarakhand 2001 ]
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a) Ectoderm
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b) Endoderm
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c) Mesoderm
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d) Ectoderm and endoderm
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.27
Cytoplasm surrounding mitochondria present in the middle piece of sperm is ... ... [ JIPMER 2002 ]
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a) Manchette
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b) Microplasm
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c) Centroplasm
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d) Acrosome
Explanation
The middle part of the sperm is rich in mitochondria and has a very less amount of the cytoplasm that surrounds the mitochondria and known as microplasm. Answer : (b)
Q.28
In mammals, the archenteron/primitive gut is lined with ... ... [ CPMT 1993 ]
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a) Ectoderm
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b) Mesoderm
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c) Endoderm
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d) Mesoderm and endoderm
Explanation
The primary gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing zygote is known as the archenteron, the gastrocoel or the primitive digestive tube. It develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of an animal. Internal lining of alimentary canal is lined with endoderm. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Somatic chromosome number isWhat shall be chromosomes number in the cells of seminiferous tubule? ... ... [ AFMC 1994 ]
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a) 40
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b) 20
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c) 10
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d) 40 and 20
Explanation
Somatic cell is diploid (2n) in nature. It is given that the number of somatic chromosomes is 40. Seminiferous tubules contain haploid (n) spermatozoa. These spermatozoa are haploid in nature. Answer : (b)
Q.30
pattern of cleavage in egg of Frog is ... ... [ CPMT 2005 ]
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a) Meroblastic
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b) Holoblastic unequal
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c) Holoblastic equal
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d) All the above
Explanation
Holoblastic unequal clavage is seen in amphibians. Frog is an example of amphibians. Answer : (b)
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