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Q.1
Snow-blindness in Antarctic region is due to .... [NEET 2020]
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a) High reflection of light from snow
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b) Damage to retina caused by infra-red rays
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c) Freezing of fluids in the eye by low temperature
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d) Inflammation of cornea due to high dose of UV-B radiation
Explanation
In human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of cornea, called snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. Answer : (d)
Q.2
The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called .... .... [NEET 2019]
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a) to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming
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b) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefits
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c) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species
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d) for immediate steps to discontinue use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer
Explanation
Earth Summit (Rio Summit)-1992, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits Answer : (b)
Q.3
Which of the following protocols did aim for reducing emission of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere? [NEET 2019]
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a) Montreal Protocol
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b) Kyoto Protocol
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c) Gothenburg Protocol
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d) Geneva Protocol
Explanation
The Montreal Protocol sets binding progressive phase out obligations for developed and developing countries for all the major ozone depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons and less damaging transitional chemicals such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).Adopted on 15 September 1987 Answer : (d)
Q.4
Identify the correct pair representing the causative agent of typhoid fever and the confirmatory test for typhoid. [NEET 2019]
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a) Plasmodium vivax / UTI test
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b) Streptococcus pneumoniae / Widal test
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c) Salmonella typhi / Anthrone test
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d) Salmonella typhi / Widal test
Explanation
Salmonella typhi is the causative agent. Confirmatory test = Widal test, it’s based on antigen antibody reaction. Answer : (d)
Q.5
Which of these following methods is the most suitable for disposal of nuclear waste? [NEET 2019] Explanation is provided, please click on
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a) Shoot the waste into space
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b) Bury the waste under Antarctic ice-cover
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c) Dump the waste within rocks under deep ocean
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d)Bury the waste within rocks deep below the Earth's surface
Explanation
Storage of nuclear waste should be done in suitably shielded containers and buried within rocks deep below the earth's surface (500 m deep) Answer : (d)
Q.6
World Ozone Day is celebrated on [NEET 2018]
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a) 16th September
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b) 21st April
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c) 5th June
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d) 22nd April
Explanation
In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 16 September the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Answer : (a)
Q.7
Which of the following is a secondary pollutant ?
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a) SO2
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b) CO2
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c) CO
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d) O3
Explanation
Primary pollutants include ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. Answer : (d)
Q.8
In stratosphere, which of the following elements acts as a catalyst in degradation of ozone and release of molecular oxygen ?
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a) Fe
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b) Cl
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c) Carbon
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d) Oxygen
Explanation
There should be a balance between production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. Of late, the balance has been disrupted due to enhancement of ozone degradation by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs find wide use as refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts; Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Answer : (b)
Q.9
Maximum damage to forest cover is caused by .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 2012]
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a) Edaphic factors
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b) Climate factors
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c) Biotic factors
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d) Physiographic factors
Explanation
Deforestation is conversion of forested area into non-forested area. Major reasons for deforestation are agricultutral expansion, overgrazing, wood and other products extraction. These factors are caused by living beings i.e., these are biotic factor. Answer : (c)
Q.10
UV radiations bring about .... ..... [Har P.M.T. 1994]
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a) Skin cancer
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b) Mouth cancer
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c) Lung cancer
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d) Liver cancer
Explanation
UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers. In human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of cornea, called snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. Answer : (a)
Q.11
Methane gas producing field is .... .... [Har .P.M.T. 2000]
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a) Wheat field
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b) Paddy field
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c) Cotton field
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d) Groundnut field
Explanation
Traditional rice production globally accounts for about 1.5% of greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to all aviation emissions. Its source is methane, created by organic matter decomposing underwater in flooded paddies Answer : (b)
Q.12
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :
Column I
Column II
a. Eutrophication
i. UV-B radiation
b. Sanitary landfill
ii. Deforestation
c. Snow blindness
iii. Nutrient enrichment
d. Jhum cultivation
iv. Waste disposal
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a) a → iii; b → iv; c → i; d → ii;
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b) a → i; b → iii; c → iv; d → ii;
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c) a → ii; b → i; c → iii; d → iv;
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d) a → i; b → ii; c → iv; d → iii;
Explanation
(a)In human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of cornea, called snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. (b)Eutrophication is the natural aging of a lake by nutrient enrichment of its water. (c)One of the major reasons of deforestation is the conversion of forest to agricultural land so as to feed the growing human population. Trees are axed for timber, firewood, cattle ranching and for several other purposes. Slash and burn agriculture, commonly called as Jhum cultivation in the north-eastern states of India, has also contributed to deforestation. (d)Sanitary landfills were adopted as the substitute for open-burning dumps. In a sanitary landfill, wastes are dumped in a depression or trench after compaction, and covered with dirt everyday. Answer : (a)
Q.13
Montreal protocol was signed in 1987 for control of ... ..[NEET 2020]
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a) Release of Green House gases
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b) Disposal of e-wastes
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c) Transport of Genetically modified organisms from one country to another
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d) Emission of ozone depleting substances
Explanation
Recognising the deleterious affects of ozone depletion, an international treaty, known as the Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (Canada) in 1987 (effective in 1989) to control the emission of ozone depleting substances. Answer : (d)
Q.14
Most important causative pollutant of water that changes its pH is ... ... [A.M.U. 1998]
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a) Plastic
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b) Glass junk
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c) Iron junk
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d) Detergents
Explanation
Plastic, glass junk and iron junk are physical pollutant and non-biodegradable which does not cause change in pH. Whereas detergents released from the domestic sewage, as well as the industrial effluents, result in the increasing the inorganic mineral quantity in the water body which changes pH of water bodies. Answer : (d)
Q.15
Match the columns .... .... [Kerala 2005]
a. DDT
i. CO, CO
2
b. PAN
ii. Smog
c. Acid rain
iii. Biological magnification
d. Global warming
iv. SO
2
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a) a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i
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b) a - i, b - iii, c - ii, d - iv
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c) a - ii, b - iii, c - iv, d - i
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d) a - iii, b - ii, c - iv, d – i
Explanation
Biomagnification is the build up of toxins in a food chain.DDT is stored in the fat of animals and takes many years to break down, and as the fat is consumed by predators, the amounts of DDT biomagnify. Photochemical smog, often referred to as "summer smog", is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone.primary pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particularly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and volatile organic compounds. The relevant secondary pollutants include peroxylacyl nitrates (PAN), tropospheric ozone, and aldehydes. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants and greenhouse gases collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth's surface Answer : (d)
Q.16
Aerosols having carbon and fluorine compounds are chiefly released by .... ..... [A.M.U. 1997]
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a) Refineries
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b) Automobiles
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c) Industries
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d) Jets
Explanation
Refineries, automobiles and industries release the oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen. The propellants used for jet engine release the halogenated paraffin compounds called fluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. Answer : (d)
Q.17
Blue-baby syndrome results from .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2006]
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a) Excess of TDS
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b) Excess of chlorides
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c) Excess of dissolved oxygen
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d) Methaemoglobin
Explanation
Excess of nitrate in drinking water is unsafe for human health and fatal for infants. It reacts with haemoglobin and forms non-functional methaemoglobin that impairs oxygen transport. This is called blue baby syndrome. Answer : (d)
Q.18
Most inhabitants of Kolkata suffer from bronchitis. It is due to excess .... ... [J.I.P.M.E.R. 1999]
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a) Adulteration of food
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b) Impurity of water
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c) Polluted air
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d) Polluted soil
Explanation
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. Causes for bronchitis are as follows: 1) a virus, for example, a cold or flu virus a bacterial infection 2) exposure to substances that irritate the lungs, such as tobacco smoke, dust, fumes, vapors, and air pollution 3) genetic factors Answer : (c)
Q.19
Pollution caused by persistent pesticides is more hazardous to .... ..... [Har. P.M.T. 2007]
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a) Herbivores
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b) Producers
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c) First level carnivores
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d) Top carnivores
Explanation
Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is any concentration of a toxin, such as pesticides, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain. Since persistant pesticides magnify in higher level of food chain. It is more hazardous in top carnivores. Answer : (d)
Q.20
In human body chlorinated hydrocarbons accumulate in .... .... [C.E.T. Chd .2010]
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a) Bones
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b) Brain
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c) Fatty tissue
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d) Skin
Explanation
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are not soluble in water. They tend to combine with the adipose or the fatty tissues in the body of animals, including the humans. Answer : (c)
Q.21
Increase in atmospheric temperature due to carbon dioxide is .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2008]
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a) Pasteur effect
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b) Blackman effect
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c) Emerson effect
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d) Green-house effect
Explanation
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. Temperature of earth's surface increases because of green house gases such as carbon dioxide. Answer : (d)
Q.22
For clean environment, which one is non essential ..... ..... [W.B. 2012]
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a) Producer
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b) Polluter
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c) Consumer
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d) Decomposer
Explanation
The producer is required initially for the availability of organic food. The consumer will consume the organic food prepared by the producer and will also make an equilibrium in the environment by being a part of the nutrient cycle. A decomposer will breakdown the dead organic from the dead bodies of producer and consumer. So, these are required in a functional ecosystem. The presence of polluter is undesirable as it would distort the environment, making it difficult for the biotic and abiotic components to keep their sustenance. Answer : (b)
Q.23
Air pollution is not caused by ... ... [C.P.M.T. 2002]
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a) Pollen grains
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b) Hydroelectric power
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c) Industries
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d) Automobiles
Explanation
Hydroelectric power is the cleanest form of energy. It does not emit any pollutants. Automobiles and industries emit pollutants like oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and carbon. Pollen grain are not pollutant but are known allergens and when inhaled by person can result in difficulty in breathing. Answer : (b)
Q.24
BOD is measure of ... .... [C.B.S.E. 2012]
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a) Industrial waste being poured in water body
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b) Extent of pollution with organic compounds
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c) CO combined with haemoglobin
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d) O2 required by green plants during night
Explanation
BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria (those bacteria that live only in an environment containing oxygen). BOD is used, often in wastewater-treatment plants, as an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. Answer : (b)
Q.25
Green house effect is due to the accumulation of .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2001]
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a) O3 and depletion of CO2
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b) CO2 and O3
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c) CO2 and depletion of O3
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d) Green plants
Explanation
Green house gasess are CO2,H2O,CH4, O 3. N2O, CFC Answer : (b)
Q.26
Ultra-violet light causes .... .... [ B.H.U 1990]
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a) Formation of pyrimidine
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b) Sticky metaphases
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c) Photodynamic action
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d) Destruction of hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA Strands
Explanation
UVB light causes destruction of hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA strands. This results in thymine base pairs next to each other in genetic sequences to bond together into pyrimidine dimers, a disruption in the strand, which reproductive enzymes cannot copy. It causes sunburn and it triggers the production of melanin Answer : (d)
Q.27
Select the correct statement about particulate matter .... .... [A.I.I.M.S. 2012]
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a) 10 um sizes creates severe lung disease
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b) More than 2.5 µm gets trapped in lungs and cause problems
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c) Less than 2.5 µm penetrates deep into lungs
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d) NONE
Explanation
According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), particulate size 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM 2.5) are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health. These fine particulates can be inhaled deep into the lungs and can cause breathing and respiratory symptoms, irritation, inflammations and damage to the lungs and premature deaths Answer : (c)
Q.28
Air pollution affects .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 1997]
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a) Leaves
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b) Roots
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c) Stem
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d) Flowers
Explanation
Leaves are stomata via which gas exchange as well as transpiration occurs, hence air pollution mostly affects leaves. Answer : (a)
Q.29
In domestic sewage, suspended solids, colloidal and dissolved materials constitute .... ..... [A.M.U. 2012]
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a) 10%
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b) 5.6%
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c) 2.7%
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d) 0.1%
Explanation
A mere 0.1 per cent impurities make domestic sewage unfit for human use Answer : (d)
Q.30
Green -house gases are .... .....
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a) Absorbs of long-wave radiations from earth
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b) Transparent to both solar radiations and long-wave radiations from earth
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c) Absorbers of solar radiations for warming the atmosphere of earth
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d) Transparent to emissions from earth passage into outer space
Explanation
Solar radiation do not worm atmosphere directly while reaching earth, radiation makes surface of the earth hot, which radiates long wave The outgoing long wavelength radiation emitted by the Earth is partially to totally absorbed by the greenhouse gases of water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and tropospheric ozone (O3). Answer : (a)
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