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Quiz 10
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Q.1
Eutrophication causes reduction in .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 1996]
0%
a) Dissolved hydrogen
0%
b) Dissolved oxygen
0%
c) Dissolved salts
0%
d) All
Explanation
Eutrophication, distrophication or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body. Answer : (b)
Q.2
Checking of reradiating heat by atmospheric dust, ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapour is .... .... [K.C.E.T. 2007]
0%
a) Ozone layer effect
0%
b) Radioactive effect
0%
c) Greenhouse effect
0%
d) Solar effect
Explanation
The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. Radiatively active gases in a planet's atmosphere radiate energy in all directions. Answer : (c)
Q.3
Phosphate pollution is caused by ... .... [C.B.S.E 1997]
0%
a) Weathering of phosphate rocks only
0%
b) Agriculture fertilizers
0%
c) Phosphate rocks and sewage
0%
d) Sewage and agriculture fertilizers
Explanation
Phosphorus pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers and manure, particularly when compounded by soil erosion. Phosphorus is also discharged by municipal sewage treatment plants and some industries. Answer : (d)
Q.4
Heat islands are formed by .... .... [E.A.M.C.E.T.1995]
0%
a) Water pollution
0%
b) Air pollution
0%
c) Land pollution
0%
d) All
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.5
NEERI is at .... .... [Kerala 2003]
0%
a) New Delhi
0%
b) Nagpur
0%
c) Chennai
0%
d) Kolkata
Explanation
Presently, CSIR-NEERI is functioning with Headquarters at Nagpur and five Zonal Laboratories located at Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai and Hyderabad. Answer : (b)
Q.6
What is relative contribution of carbon dioxide ,methane, CFC and N2O to global warming .... ..... [Kerala 2008]
0%
a) 20%, 14%, 60%, 6%
0%
b) 14%, 6%, 20%, 60%
0%
c) 60%, 20%, 14%, 6%
0%
d) 6%, 14%, 20%, 60%
Explanation
Carbon dioxide contributes 60% to global warming Methane contributes 20% to global warming CFC contibutes 14% to global warming N2O contibutes 6% to global warming. Answer : (c)
Q.7
Which one is found in higher concentration in the atmosphere? .... .... [B.H.U. 1996]
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a) Ozone
0%
b) Nitrogen oxides
0%
c) Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxides
0%
d) All
Explanation
Gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and sulfur dioxide are normal constituents of the clean air. However, they often reach much higher concentrations to make the air polluted and harmful to the environment and human life. Answer : (c)
Q.8
A mutagenic pollutant is ..... ..... [Pb.P.M.T. 2005]
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a) Organophosphates
0%
b) Resins
0%
c) Hydrocarbons
0%
d) Nitrogen oxides
Explanation
a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer, mutagens are therefore also likely to be carcinogens. In the above options, hydrocarbons are carcinogenic hence mutagenic pollutant. Answer : (c)
Q.9
NEERI is ..... ..... [K.C.E.T. 2000]
0%
a) National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
0%
b) National Ecological and Environmental Research Institute
0%
c) National Ethological and Ecological Research Institute
0%
d) National Eugenics and Ecological Research Institute
Explanation
The CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) is a research institute created and funded by Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 with focus on water supply, sewage disposal, communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational diseases found common in post-independent India. NEERI is a pioneer laboratory in the field of environmental science and engineering and part of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Answer : (a)
Q.10
Biomagnification of DDT in aquatic food chain from 0.003 ppb in water to fish eating birds would be .... .... [A.M.U. 2009]
0%
a) 100 ppm
0%
b) 50 ppm
0%
c) 25 ppm
0%
d) 2 ppm
Explanation
The concentration of DDT increases at successive trophic levels; say if it starts at 0.003 ppb (ppb = parts per billion) in water, it can ultimately reach 25 ppm (ppm = parts per million) in fish-eating birds, through biomagnification Answer : (c)
Q.11
Aerosols decrease primary productivity by .... ..... [B.H.U. 2002]
0%
a) Decreasing O2 concentration
0%
b) Competing with CO2
0%
c) Preventing N2 fixation
0%
d) Reducing photosynthesis
Explanation
Atmospheric aerosols can alter the direct and diffuse components of global solar radiation, which further influences terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) via photosynthesis. Answer : (d)
Q.12
BOD of eutrophic lake will be .... ... [Odisha 2010]
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a) Lower
0%
b) Moderate
0%
c) Higher
0%
d) Same as any other lake
Explanation
Eutrophic lake will be rich in nutrient and organic matter. Dissolved oxygen in water will be consumed by microbes for decomposing this organic matter and hence higher will be biochemical oxyhen demand. Answer : (c)
Q.13
Pollutant that reduces O2 carrying capacity .... .... [D.P.M.T. 2002]
0%
a) SO2
0%
b) CO
0%
c) CO2
0%
d) none
Explanation
Carbon monoxide(CO) has 200 times affinity to haemoglobin than oxygen. Thus CO combines with haemoglobin to form stable complex called carboxyhaemoglobin which reduced oxygen carrying capacity og haemoglobin. Answer : (b)
Q.14
Sudden mass death of fish is more likely to occur in ... .... [B.H.U. 1996]
0%
a) Eutrophic lake
0%
b) Mesotrophic lake
0%
c) Oligotrophic lake
0%
d) Oxalotrophic lake
Explanation
Eutrophication is the natural aging of a lake by nutrient enrichment of its water. Accelerated eutrophication due to contaminant like phosphates.The prime contaminants are nitrates and phosphates, which act as plant nutrients. They overstimulate the growth of algae, causing unsightly scum and unpleasant odours, and robbing the water of dissolved oxygen vital to other aquatic life. At the same time, other pollutants flowing into a lake may poison whole populations of fish, whose decomposing remains further deplete the water’s dissolved oxygen content. In such fashion, a lake can literally choke to death. Answer : (a)
Q.15
CFC are not being used in refrigerators because they .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2003]
0%
a) Increase temperature
0%
b) Cause allergic reactions
0%
c) Deplete ozone
0%
d) Both A and B
Explanation
Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) also known as freons are ozone depleting substances. Answer : (c)
Q.16
Bhopal tragedy occurred in .... .... [Odisha 2004]
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a) 1982
0%
b) 1984
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c) 1986
0%
d) 1988
Explanation
he Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered among the world's worst industrial disasters. Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas. The highly toxic substance made its way into and around the small towns located near the plant Answer : (b)
Q.17
Which one is the major reason for pollution in big cities .... .... [C.P.M.T. 1995]
0%
a) Fossil fuel
0%
b) Acid rain
0%
c) Heat dispersion
0%
d) None
Explanation
Industries and large number of automobiles are present in big cities. Industries and automobiles uses large amount of fossil fuel and contributes to most of pollution. Answer : (a)
Q.18
Match the column .... ..... [Kerala 2011]
a. Electrostatic
p. Removes gases like SO2
b. Scrubber
q. Reduces automobile emission
c. Catalytic
r. Removes particulate matter converter
0%
a) a - q, b - r, c - p
0%
b) a - r, b - q, c - p
0%
c) a - p, b - q, c - r
0%
d) a - r, b - p, c – q
Explanation
scrubber can remove gases like sulphur dioxide. In a scrubber, the exhaust is passed through a spray of water or lime. Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases electrostatic precipitator remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant. Answer : (d)
Q.19
Cadmium pollution is associated with disease .... ... [W.B. 2010]
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a) Anaemia
0%
b) Itai- itai
0%
c) Minamata
0%
d) Pneumoconiosis
Explanation
tai-itai disease was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term "itai-itai disease" was coined by locals for the severe pains felt in the spine and joints. Answer : (b)
Q.20
Spraying DDT on crops shall produce pollution of .... .... [Har .P.M.T. 2003]
0%
a) Air and water
0%
b) Air and soil
0%
c) Crops and air
0%
d) Soil and water
Explanation
DDT is a persistent organic pollutant that is readily adsorbed to soils and sediments, which can act both as sinks and as long-term sources of exposure affecting organisms. DDT run-off with rain water in water bodies and lead to biomagnification. The concentration of DDT is increased at successive trophic levels; say if it starts at 0.003 ppb (ppb = parts per billion) in water, it can ultimately reach 25 ppm (ppm = parts per million) in fish-eating birds, through biomagnification Answer : (d)
Q.21
Most hazardous metal pollutant of automobiles exhaust is .... .... [K.C.E.T. 1998]
0%
a) Mercury
0%
b) Lead
0%
c) Cadmium
0%
d) Copper
Explanation
Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converter should use unleaded petrol because lead in the petrol inactivates the catalyst. This result in more pollution if leaded petrol is used. Lead emitted from the vehicular exhausts is a harmful pollutant because it persists in the environment as dust for an indefinite time period. Anaemia, weakness, kidney failure, neurological disorders are the symptoms of lead poisoning in humans. Children are more prone to lead poisoning than adults. Answer : (b)
Q.22
Increase in concentration of a toxicant at successive trophic levels is called .... .... [Kerala 2010]
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a) Algal bloom
0%
b) Biomagnification
0%
c) Eutrophication
0%
d) Accelerated Eutrophication
Explanation
Biomagnification refers to increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels Answer : (b)
Q.23
Sewage treatment in which a portion of decomposer bacteria present in waste is recycled into the beginning of the process .... [H.P.P.M.T. 2010]
0%
a) cyclic treatment
0%
b) Activated sludge treatment
0%
c) Primary treatment
0%
d) Tertiary treatment
Explanation
Secondary treatment or Biological treatment : The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures). While growing, these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent. This significantly reduces the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. Once the BOD of sewage or waste water is reduced significantly, the effluent is then passed into a settling tank where the bacterial ‘flocs’ are allowed to sediment. This sediment is called activated sludge. A small part of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as the inoculum. Answer : (b)
Q.24
In coming years, skin related disorders will become more common due to ... .... [C.B.S.E. 1997]
0%
a) Excessive use of detergents
0%
b) Water pollution
0%
c) Air pollution
0%
d) Depletion of ozone layer
Explanation
Due to depletion of ozone, UV-B radiation reaches the earth's surface. UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers. In human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of cornea, called snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. Answer : (d)
Q.25
Hay fever is caused by .... .... [A.F.M.C. 2002]
0%
a) Hepatitis
0%
b) Dengue
0%
c) Allergy
0%
d) Helper T-cells
Explanation
Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to outdoor or indoor allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or tiny flecks of skin and saliva shed by cats, dogs, and other animals with fur or feathers (pet dander). Answer : (c)
Q.26
UV radiations cause .... .... [B.H.U. 2012]
0%
a) Formation of thymine dimers
0%
b) Addition of base pairs
0%
c) Deletion of base pairs
0%
d) Methylation of bases
Explanation
UVB light causes thymine base pairs next to each other in genetic sequences to bond together into pyrimidine dimers, a disruption in the strand, which reproductive enzymes cannot copy. It causes sunburn and it triggers the production of melanin. Other names for the "direct DNA damage" are: thymine dimers. Answer : (a)
Q.27
Drinking mineral water with low levels (~0.02 ppm) of pesticide for long period would .... ... [A.I.I.M.S. 2003]
0%
a) Cause cancer of intestine
0%
b) Pesticide accumulation in the body
0%
c) Cause leukaemia
0%
d) Produce immunity against mosquito
Explanation
Pesticide cannot be metabolized or excreted, it accumulates into fat of the body. Answer : (b)
Q.28
An efficient device to eliminate particulate matter from industrial emission is ... ... [Kerala 2009]
0%
a) Pyrolysis
0%
b) Cyclone separators
0%
c) Incineration
0%
d) Electrostatic precipitators
Explanation
electrostatic precipitator removes over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant. It has electrode wires that are maintained at several thousand volts, which produce a corona that releases electrons. These electrons attach to dust particles giving them a net negative charge. The collecting plates are grounded and attract the charged dust particles. The velocity of air between the plates must be low enough to allow the dust to fall. Answer : (d)
Q.29
Major source of methane in India is .... .... [A.I.I.M.S. 1997]
0%
a) Rice fields
0%
b) Sugarcane plantation
0%
c) Wheat fields
0%
d) Fruit orchards
Explanation
The main human-generated sources of methane in India are cattle production, wastewater, landfills, rice agriculture, biomass burning, and fossil fuels Answer : (a)
Q.30
A person has impaired nervous system and signs of madness due to continued intake of metal contaminated water, the metal is .... ...... [A.I.I.M.S. 2000]
0%
a) Mercury
0%
b) Calcium
0%
c) Manganese
0%
d) Lead
Explanation
Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, inability to have children, and tingling in the hands and feet. It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can result in behavioral problems. Some of the effects are permanent. In severe cases anemia, seizures, coma, or death may occur. Answer : (d)
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