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Quiz 12
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Q.1
Insecticides usually act upon .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2004]
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a) Muscular system
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b) Digestive system
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c) Nervous system
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d) Circulatory system
Explanation
The chemical, which kills or inhibits the growth of insects is called insecticide. These chemicals control insects by acting upon the respiratory system or nervous system. Answer : (c)
Q.2
SO2 pollution effects ... .... [A.F.M.C. 2003]
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a) Mitochondria
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b) Chloroplasts
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c) Golgi bodies
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d) Vacuoles
Explanation
SO2 hinders with stomata which affects gaseous exchange and transpiration. Its most hazadous effect is on process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll present in chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis. Thus SO2 pollution affects chloroplast. Answer : (b)
Q.3
The reason for green house effect is .... ..... [A.M.U. 2001]
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a) Higher CO2 concentration causing global warming
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b) Absorption of infra-red rays by gases and dust particles
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c) Both A and B
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d) Rarefaction of CO2
Explanation
A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect on planets. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Answer : (b)
Q.4
Soil pollution affecting food chains and food webs by killing microorganisms are .... ..... [Kerala 2003]
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a) Chemical fertilizers
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b) Agriculture wastes
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c) Pesticides
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d) Pathogens
Explanation
Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds. They are generally insoluble in water and non-biodegradable. Therefore, these chemicals will not gradually decompose and keep on accumulating in the soil. Therefore, the concentration of these chemicals will increase when the transfer of these chemicals take place from lower to higher trophic level via the food chain. Answer : (c)
Q.5
Which is wrong about Bhopal tragedy ..... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2011]
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a) Radioactive fallout engulfed Bhopal
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b) Methyl isocyanate gas leakage took place
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c) Thousand of human beings died
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d) It took place in the night of December 2/3, 1984
Explanation
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered among the world's worst industrial disasters. Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas. n 2008, the Government of Madhya Pradesh had paid compensation to the family members of 3,787 victims killed in the gas release, and to 574,366 injured victims. Answer : (a)
Q.6
Common indicator organisms of water pollution is ... ... [A.F.M.C. 2008]
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a) Escherichia coli
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b) cholera vibrio
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c) Salmonella typhi
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d) Entamoeba histolytica
Explanation
Bacterial contamination in water is measured using indicator organisms, notably Escherichia coli and Enterococci which are used as primary indicators of contamination in fresh and marine water quality, respectively, rather than the total coliforms present Answer : (a)
Q.7
5th June is .... .... [C.P.M.T. 2002]
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a) World Forest Day
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b) World Red Cross Day
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c) World Environment Day
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d) World Food Day
Explanation
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated on 5 June every year, and is the United Nations' principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of the environment. Answer : (c)
Q.8
Green house effect is related to .... .... [C.B.S.E. 1999]
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a) Increased growth of green algae
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b) Global warming
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c) Cultivation of vegetables in house
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d) Development of terrace gardens
Explanation
The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. Radiatively active gases in a planet's atmosphere radiate energy in all directions. It is related to global warming. Answer : (b)
Q.9
Which one of the following is an environment related disorder with correct main cause .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 2006]
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a) Black lung disease is found mainly in workers of stone quarries and crushers
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b) Blue-baby disease is due to heavy use of nitrogenous fertilizers
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c) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is found mainly in workers involved in manufacture of neem-based pesticides
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d) Skin cancer occurs mainly in people exposed to benzene and Methane
Explanation
Benzene is carcinogenic and hence long exposure to benzene and other carcinogenic. black lung disease is caused by long exposure to coal dust. It is a common in coal miners and others who work with coal. Substantial exposure to organophosphate pesticides (e.g., diazinon, parathion) doubles the risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Answer : (d)
Q.10
Which pollution causes jaundice? ... .... [A.M.U. 1996]
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a) Water
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b) Air
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c) Land
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d) Thermal
Explanation
Water pollution can cause the outbreak of jaundice. Jaundice is caused by the organism Seriola quinqueradiata. The disease is characterised by yellow colorations of the skin, these yellow colourations are majorly due to the build-up of bilirubin in the blood. Answer : (a)
Q.11
Which one is correct .... .... [A.I.I.M.S. 2011]
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a) Catalytic converter can precipitate particular matter of less than 2.5 µm
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b) Histones are acidic and form core of DNA packing
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c) Template with 5' - 3' polarity shows continuous DNA replication
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d) Lactobacillus is not present in dough used for idli preparation
Explanation
electrostatic precipitator, which can remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant. According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), particulate size 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM 2.5) are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health. Answer : (a)
Q.12
A lake receiving nutrients would be .... ..... [M.P.P.M.T. 2001]
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a) Oligotrophic
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b)Eutrophic
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c) Sink
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d) Rich in fossils
Explanation
Eutrophication, distrophication or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body. Answer : (b)
Q.13
Ozone depletion in stratosphere shall in .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 1992]
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a) Forest fires
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b) Increased incidence of skin cancer
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c) Global warming
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d) None
Explanation
Ozone depletion in stratosphere shall lead to UV-B radiation to reach the earth. UV radiation leads to skin related disease and skin cancer. Answer : (b)
Q.14
Carbon monoxide kills because it destroys .... ...[B.H.U. 2000]
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a) Haemoglobin
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b) Phytochrome
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c) Cytochrome
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d) Both A and B
Explanation
Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin at any or all of the oxygen-binding sites of hemoglobin, and also acts to increase the stability of the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen, reducing the ability of the hemoglobin molecule to release oxygen bound to other oxygen-binding sites. Answer : (a)
Q.15
One of the following acts as secondary pollutants .... .... [D.P.M.T. 2009]
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a) Br
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b) NO2
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c) HNO3
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d) Cl2
Explanation
Secondary pollutants are the pollutants formed by the chemical reaction between primary pollutants in the presence of sunlight e.g., sulphuric acid, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. Nitric oxides, when dissolved in water, produces nitric acid. Hence, nitric acid (HNO3) is a secondary air pollutant. It is responsible for acid rains. Answer : (c)
Q.16
Water pollution causes .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 1997]
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a) Increased photosynthesis
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b) Increased deoxygenation and turbidity
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c) Decreased turbidity
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d) Increased oxygenation
Explanation
Turbidity is caused by particles suspended or dissolved in water that scatter light making the water appear cloudy or murky. Particulate matter can include sediment - especially clay and silt, fine organic and inorganic matter, soluble colored organic compounds, algae, and other microscopic organisms. Due to pollutant BOD is high and thus increased deoxygenation. Answer : (b)
Q.17
dB is standard abbreviation used for the quantitative expression of .... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2010]
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a) A particular pollutant
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b) The dominant Bacillus in a culture
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c) A certain pesticide
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d) The destiny of bacteria in a medium
Explanation
Decibel (dB), unit for expressing the ratio between two physical quantities, usually amounts of acoustic or electric power, or for measuring the relative loudness of sounds. Noise is a particular pollutant. Answer : (a)
Q.18
Appropriate measures to reduce overall green house gas emissions are commitments of .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2010]
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a) Kyoto Protocol
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b) Montreal Protocol
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c) Environment Act
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d) Earth Summit
Explanation
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that aimed to manage and reduce carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gases. The Protocol was adopted at a conference in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 and became international law on February 16, 2005. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Mottling of teeth is due to presence of an element in drinking water .... .... [B.H.U. 2007]
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a) Mercury
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b) Fluorine
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c) Boron
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d) Chlorine
Explanation
Dental fluorosis is a common disorder, characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. It appears as a range of visual changes in enamel causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth. Answer : (b)
Q.20
Cyclone collector is used for minimizing .... .... [ B.H.U. 1992]
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a) Radioactive pollution
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b) Air pollution
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c) Noise pollution
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d) Water pollution
Explanation
Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. When removing particulate matter from liquid, a hydrocyclone is used; while from gas, a gas cyclone is used. Answer : (b)
Q.21
Silicosis occur due to .... ..... [E.A.M.C.E.T. 2002]
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a) Acid rain
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b) Ozone depletion
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c) Inhalation of silica
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d) Inhalation of SO2
Explanation
Silicosis is a lung disease. It usually happens in jobs where you breathe in dust that contains silica. That's a tiny crystal found in sand, rock, or mineral ores like quartz. Over time, silica can build up in your lungs and breathing passages. This leads to scarring that makes it hard to breathe. Answer : (c)
Q.22
Green house effect is increase in temperature of earth due to .... ..... [M.P.P.M.T. 2012]
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a) High concentration of NO2
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b) High concentration of SO2
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c) High concentration of CO2
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d) High concentration of CO
Explanation
Carbon dioxide is a green house gas. Green house gases trap infra red radiation and this increases temperature of earth. Answer : (c)
Q.23
A secondary pollutant is ... ... [C.P.M.T. 2010]
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a) CO
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b) CO2
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c) PAN
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d) Aerosol
Explanation
PANs are secondary pollutants, which means they are not directly emitted as exhaust from power plants or internal combustion engines, but they are formed from other pollutants by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Free radical reactions catalyzed by ultraviolet light from the sun oxidize unburned hydrocarbons to aldehydes, ketones, and dicarbonyl compounds, whose secondary reactions create peroxyacyl radicals, which combine with nitrogen dioxide to form peroxyacyl nitrates. Answer : (c)
Q.24
Cause of decline in pollution of reptiles and birds is .... .... [D.P.M.T. 2008]
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a) Bioinsecticides
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b) Biofertilizers
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c) DDT
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d) Both A and B
Explanation
concentration of DDT is increased at successive trophic levels; say if it starts at 0.003 ppb (ppb = parts per billion) in water, it can ultimately reach 25 ppm (ppm = parts per million) in fish-eating birds, through biomagnification. High concentrations of DDT disturb calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking, eventually causing decline in bird populations. Answer : (c)
Q.25
Domestic waste constitutes .... ..... [C.B.S.E 1991]
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a) Nonbiodegradable pollution
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b) Biodegradable pollution
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c) Effluents
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d) Air pollution
Explanation
The domestic waste comprises of 67% organic, 13% plastic, 2% glass, 9% paper and paper products, 2% metals, 1% rubber and leathers, 1% textile and 5% others. It si biodegrable pollution Answer : (b)
Q.26
Which is not a bioindicator of water pollution .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2007]
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a) Blood worms
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b) Stone flies
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c) Sewage fungus
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d) Sludge worms
Explanation
The Plecoptera are an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and their presence in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality. they are not bioindicator of water pollution. Answer : (b)
Q.27
CFC are responsible for .... .... [M.H.T.C.E.T. 2007]
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a) Acid rain
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b) Ozone layer depletion
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c) Global warming
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d) Thermal inversion
Explanation
CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts; Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Hence, whatever CFCs are added to the stratosphere, they have permanent and continuing affects on Ozone levels. Answer : (b)
Q.28
ASSERTION: Organochlorine pesticides are organic compounds that have been chlorinated REASON: Fenitrothion is one of the organochlorine pesticides A.I.I.M.S. 2007
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
Organochlorine pesticide is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine as the dominant functionality, of which chloroalkane and chlorinated solvent as examples are major members. Assertion is true Fenitrothion (IUPAC name: O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) is a phosphorothioate (organophosphate) insecticide that is inexpensive and widely used worldwide. Reason is false Answer : (c)
Q.29
Which one is correct .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2004 ]
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a) Herbicides kill plants by blocking PS II
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b) Insecticides kill insects through impairment of nerve conduction and sometimes respiratory arrest
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c) Both A and B
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d) None
Explanation
herbicides inhibit photosynthesis by binding to D1 proteins of the photosystem II complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Herbicide binding at this protein blocks electron transport and stops CO2 fixation and production of energy needed for plant growth. Organochlorine compounds work on insects by opening what's known as the sodium ion channel in the neurons or nerve cells of insects, causing them to fire spontaneously. The insect will go into spasms and eventually die. Answer : (c)
Q.30
Kyoto Protocol was endorsed at
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a) CoP-3
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b) CoP-5
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c) CoP-6
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d) CoP-4
Explanation
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 3) in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. Answer:(a)
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