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Q.1
ASSERTION: Presently the global atmosphere is warming up REASON: The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer has resulted in ultraviolet radiations reaching earth A.I.M.S. 2005
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
Due to increase in concentration of greenhouse gases, global atmosphere is warming. Assertion is true. Ozone layer in stratosphere acts as shield that protect earth's surface from UV radiation. Depletion in ozone layer resulted in UV radiation reaching the earth. Reason is true. Reason is not correct explanation to assertion as UV radiation reaching earth's surface is not resulting in global warming. Answer : (b)
Q.2
Enzymatic filters are used for removing ........ .. [Guj C.E.T. 2008]
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a) Nitrogen pollutants
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b)Chloride pollutants
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c) Hydrocarbons
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d) Lead
Explanation
Hydrocarbon Removal filters are designed to remove hydrocarbons and sediment contaminants from groundwater accumulation in bunded areas, outfalls or as part of any pollution preventative drainage solution on your site, where hydrocarbon risk entering the environment. Answer : (c)
Q.3
In Indian city like Delhi major air pollutant is .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 2008]
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a) SPM
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b) SOX
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c) NOX
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d) CO
Explanation
In Delhi, industry and residential activities contribute to 80 per cent of total PM2.5. But the worst-hit cities are Kanpur, Faridabad, Varanasi and Gaya. Reducing residential emission from solid fuels combustion and enforcing new emission standards for power sector can lower PM2.5 levels. The implementation of emission standards for thermal power plants can avoid 124,000 premature deaths every year, according to a recent study. Similarly, cancelling proposed coal-fired power plants can avoid a further 26,000 premature deaths. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Consider statements a - c about pollution: (a) To control air pollution all Delhi buses were asked to run on unleaded petrol by the end of 2002 (b) Electrostatic precipitator can remove 99% of particulate matter from thermal power plant exhaust (c) It is possible to estimate amount of organic matter in sewage water by measuring BOD. of the above statements .... .... [Kerala 2012]
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a) b and c correct
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b) a alone correct
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c) b alone correct
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d) c alone correct
Explanation
To control air pollution entire fleet of public transport i.e. buses were switched from diesel to compressed natural gas (CNG). All the buses of Delhi were converted to run on CNG by the end of 2002 buses were asked to run on unleaded petrol by the end of 2002 electrostatic precipitator can remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant. It has electrode wires that are maintained at several thousand volts, which produce a corona that releases electrons. These electrons attach to dust particles giving them a net negative charge. The collecting plates are grounded and attract the charged dust particles. The velocity of air between the plates must be low enough to allow the dust to fall. BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria. BOD is used, often in wastewater-treatment plants, as an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. Answer : (a)
Q.5
Ozone layer of stratosphere requires protection from indiscriminate use of ... .... [A.M.U. 1999]
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a) Fungicides, insecticides, bactericides and medicine
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b) Aerosols and high flying jets
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c) Atomic explosions and industrial wastes
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d) Balloons and turbo-prop aeroplanes
Explanation
The high altitude supersonic aircraft flying in stratosphere zone emit nitrous oxides which can destroy ozone significant quantity being highly reactive. Aerosols may be referred to the spray cans that release chlorofluorocarbons which cause the breakdown of ozone Into oxygen once these compound reach the stratosphere. Answer : (b)
Q.6
Maximum ozone depletion is caused by .... .... [C.P.M.T. 2009]
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a) CO2
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b) CFC
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c) SO2
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d) CH4
Explanation
CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts; Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Answer : (b)
Q.7
Green muffler is related to pollution of .... ...[A.F.M.C. 1999]
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a) Air
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b) Soil
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c) Noise
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d) Water
Explanation
Green Muffler is a technique of reducing noise pollution by planting 4-6 rows around the populated areas or noisy places like along roadsides, industrial areas, societies near highways, etc. so that dense trees reduce noise pollution as they filter out the noise and obstruct it reaching the citizens. Answer : (c)
Q.8
One green house gas contributes 14% to total global warming and another contributes 6% , these are respectively identified as .... .... [Kerala 2010]
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a) NO2, CO2
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b) CFC, N2O
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c) Methane and CFC
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d) CFC , CO2
Explanation
Carbon dioxide contributes 60% to global warming. Methane contributes 20% to global warming. CFC contributes 14% to global warming. N2O contributes 6% to global warming. Answer : (b)
Q.9
Correct order of biomagnification of DDT in an aquatic food chain is .... ..... Kerala 2012
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a) Water - 0.003 ppm, zooplankton - 0.5 ppm, small fish - 0.04 ppm, large fish - 2 ppm, fish eating birds - 25 ppm
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b) Water - 0.003 ppm, zooplankton - 0.4 ppm, small fish - 0.5ppm, large fish - 2 ppm, fish eating birds - 25 ppm
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c) Water - 0.003 ppm, fish eating birds - 25 ppm, zooplankton - 0.5 ppm, small fish - 0.04 ppm, large fish - 2.5 ppm
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d) Water - 0.003 ppm large fish - 0.04 ppm, small fish - 0.5 ppm, zooplankton - 2 ppm, fish eating birds - 25 ppm
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.10
Most harmful type of environmental pollutants are .... .... [Odisha 2009]
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a) Human organic waste
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b) Natural nutrients in excess
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c) Waste animal feed
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d) Non degradable chemical
Explanation
Non-biodegradable pollutant persist in environment for long time and has adverse effects for many years Answer : (d)
Q.11
In acid rain, sulphur dioxide acid accounts for .... ..... [Odisha 2005]
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a) 100%
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b) 30%
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c) 50%
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d) 70%
Explanation
Approximately 70% of acid rain is a result of dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2), which forms sulphuric acid. The remaining 30% or so comes from various nitrogen oxides (mostly NO2 and NO3, which has collectedly called NOx). There are also a small percentage of hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid. Answer : (d)
Q.12
At present the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2011]
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a) 100 ppm
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b) 240 ppm
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c) 380 ppm
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d) 520 ppm
Explanation
As of April 2019, the average monthly level of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere exceeded 413 parts per million. Answer : (d)
Q.13
Intensity of sound in normal conversation is ..... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2001]
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a) 10 - 20 dB
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b) 30 - 60 dB
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c) 70 - 90 dB
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d) 120 - 150 dB
Explanation
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). A whisper is about 30 dB, normal conversation is about 60 dB, and a motorcycle engine running is about 95 dB. Noise above 70 dB over a prolonged period of time may start to damage your hearing. Loud noise above 120 dB can cause immediate harm to your ears. Answer : (b)
Q.14
O3 in ozone layer is formed by action of .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 2012]
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a) IR radiations
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b) Blue radiations
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c) UV radiations
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d) Other radiations
Explanation
Ozone gas is continuously formed by the action of UV rays on molecular oxygen, and also degraded into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere. There should be a balance between production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. Answer : (c)
Q.15
Disease aggravated by pollution is .... ...[ Har .P.M.T. 2001]
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a) Scurvy
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b) Rheumatism
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c) Haemophilia
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d) Bronchitis
Explanation
Exposure to air pollution has many substantial adverse effects on human health. Subjects with chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of air pollutants. eing exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Answer : (d)
Q.16
SO2 pollution causes .... ..... [M.P.P.M.T. 1998]
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a) Plasmolysis
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b) Destruction of cell wall
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c) Destruction of golgi bodies
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d) Destruction of chlorophyll
Explanation
Some of the effects of pollution include leaf damage, slower growth, root damage, and inability to photosynthesize properly. Chlorophyll is important for photosynthesis. Answer : (d)
Q.17
Which one of the following dissolves more rapidly in blood haemoglobin than oxygen? ... ...[M.P.P.M.T. 1992]
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a) Ozone
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b) Nitrous oxide
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c) Sulphur dioxide
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d) Carbon monoxide
Explanation
Carbon dioxide has 200 times more affinity to haemoglobin than oxygen. Answer : (d)
Q.18
ASSERTION: Suspended particulate matter is an important pollutant released by diesel vehicles REASON: Catalytic converters greatly reduces pollution caused by automobiles A.I.I.M.S. 2005
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
Assertion is correct as suspended particulate matter (SPM) is an important pollutant released by diesel vehicles. Particulate matter includes dust, smoke, soot, pollen and soil particles. Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively. Reason is not a correct explanation of assertion. Answer : (b)
Q.19
ASSERTION: Methane component of green house gases contributing to global warming is about 20% REASON: Introduction of multipoint fuel injection engines in automobiles have decreased methane content in exhausts A.I.I.M.S. 2005
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
Assertion is correct because methane contributes 20% to global warming. Other green house gases like carbon dioxide, CFC N2O contributes 60%, 14% and 6% to global warming respectively. Efficient engine such as multipoint fuel injection engine can reduce the unburnt hydrocarbon in auto-emissions. It has reduced methane in exhaust. Reason is correct. Reason is not explanation to assertion as both the statement are not related to each other. even though multipoint fuel injection engines reduces methane content, it does not have significant effect on methane contribution to global warming. Answer : (b)
Q.20
Pollution is controlled by .... ..... [ M.P.P.M.T. 1993]
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a) Banning atomic blasts
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b) Use of electrically operated automobiles
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c) Sewage treatment plant
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d) All
Explanation
Atomic blast radiate radioactive substance which have adverse effect on land, water, air and living organism. Banning them will reduce pollution. Use of electrically operated autombiles instead of fossil fuel run automobiles will reduce pollution as combustion of fossil fuel release pollutants like oxides of nitrogen and sulphur inot the air. Sewage treatment plant will segregate waste and pollutant from water, thus controlling water pollution. Answer : (d)
Q.21
Photochemical smog is related to pollution of ... .... [A.M.U. 1998]
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a) Air
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b)Water
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c) Soil
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d) Nostoc
Explanation
Photochemical smog is a mixture of air pollutants which have been chemically altered into further noxious compounds by exposure to sunlight. The main components of photochemical smog are nitrogen oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), tropospheric ozone, and PAN (peroxyacytyl nitrate). Answer : (a)
Q.22
Biomagnification is highest in .... .... [Odisha 2010]
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a) Primary consumers
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b) Secondary consumers
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c) Producers
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d) Decomposers
Explanation
Biomagnification refers to increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels. Secondary consumers comes at highest position in trophic level. So biomagnification will be highest in secondary consumers. Answer : (b)
Q.23
Noise becomes uncomfortable above ... .... [A.M.U. 2003]
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a) 180 dB
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b)140 dB
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c) 100 dB
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d) 80 dB
Explanation
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). A whisper is about 30 dB, normal conversation is about 60 dB, and a motorcycle engine running is about 95 dB. Noise above 80 dB over a prolonged period of time may start to damage your hearing. Loud noise above 120 dB can cause immediate harm to your ears. Answer : (d)
Q.24
A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of fish within a span of few days, the possible reasons are a. Lot of urea and phosphate fertilizers were used in nearby crops b. The area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft c. Lake water turned green and stinky d. Phytoplankton population declined reducing photosynthesis C.B.S.E. 2008
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a) a, b
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b) a, c
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c) b, c
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d) c, d
Explanation
A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of fishes within a few days, because lots of urea and phosphate fertilizer were used in the crops in the vicinity and the area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft. Inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen are responsible for the growth of algae. In polluted water these increase due to which algae increase greatly at the surface of water forming water bloom. Due to death of these/algae their organic matter gets decomposed due to which oxygen gets depleted and aquatic animals die. Answer : (a)
Q.25
Highest DDT deposition shall occur in .... .... [C.B.S.E. 1999]
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a) Phytoplankton
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b) Sea birds
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c) Crab
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d) Eel
Explanation
the concentration of DDT is increased at successive trophic levels; say if it starts at 0.003 ppb (ppb = parts per billion) in water, it can ultimately reach 25 ppm (ppm = parts per million) in fish-eating birds, through biomagnification. Answer : (b)
Q.26
Which is not properly matched? Kerala 2008
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a) Formaldehyde - carcinogenic
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b) Sulphur dioxide - respiratory problems
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c) Nitrogen oxide - brown air
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d) Mean annual temperature - 25°C
Explanation
the average temperature at surface of Earth is 15°C. Formaldehyde is carcinogenic to humans based on higher risks of nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia. Short-term exposure of sulphur dioxide may cause long-term respiratory effects. Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent, irritating odour and is a prominent air pollutant. Answer : (d)
Q.27
DDT is .... ... [A.F.M.C. 2000]
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a) Biodegradable pollutant
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b) Nondegerdable pollutant
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c) Not a pollutant
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d) An antibiotic
Explanation
DDT persists in environment. It remains in active form for 22-25 years. thus, it is non-biodegradable pollutant. Answer : (b)
Q.28
Which element is the cause of itai-itai .... .... [W.B. 2O12]
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a) Hg
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b) Pb
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c) As
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d) Cd
Explanation
tai-itai disease was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term "itai-itai disease" was coined by locals for the severe pains people with the condition felt in the spine and joints. Answer : (d)
Q.29
Lead concentration of blood is considered alarming at ..... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2004]
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a) 4 - 6 µm/ 100 ml
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b) 10 µg/ 100 ml
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c) 20 µg/ 100 ml
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d) 30 µg/ 100 ml
Explanation
The concentration of lead in blood averages about 25 μg /100 mL. Increase to 70 μg /100 mL is generally associated with clinical symptoms. Hence, a level of 30μg/100mL is considered alarming. The chief sources of Pb to water are the effluents of lead and lead processing industries. Answer : (d)
Q.30
Acid rains are produced by ... .... [ J.K.C.M.E.E. 2008 ]
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a) Excess NO2 and SO2 from burning fossil fuels
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b) Excess production of NH3 by industry and coal gas
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c) Excess release of carbon monoxide by incomplete combustion
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d) Excess formation of CO2 by combustion and animal respiration
Explanation
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. Answer : (a)
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