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Quiz 4
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Q.1
Which is regional pollution .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2002]
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a) Smog
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b) Acid rain
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c) O3 layer depletion
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d) Both A and B
Explanation
Pollutants that have been emitted from all sources in a region and have had time to mix, diffuse from their peak concentration, and undergo physical, chemical, and photochemical reactions is called regional pollution. Example of regional air pollution are acid rain and smog. Answer : (d)
Q.2
ASSERTION: Algal bloom occur in nutrient poor water REASON: Algal blooms make water unfit for human consumption but cause enormous growth of fish A.I.I.M.S. 2011
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion and Reason both are false
Explanation
Presence of large amounts of nutrients in waters also causes excessive growth of planktonic (free-floating) algae, called an algal bloom which imparts a distinct colour to the water bodies. Algal blooms cause deterioration of the water quality and fish mortality. Some bloom-forming algae are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Assertion and reason both are false. Answer : (d)
Q.3
Heat that radiates back from greenhouse gases causes .... ..... [Tamil Nadu 2001]
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a) Additional global warming
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b) Thermal inversion
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c) Eutrophication
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d) Smog
Explanation
The molecules of green house gases radiate heat energy, and a major part of which again comes to Earth’s surface, thus heating it up once again. This cycle is repeated many a times. They are responsible for the greenhouse effect. Increase in the level of greenhouse gases has led to considerable heating of Earth leading to global warming. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Which will not cause atmospheric pollution ... ... [Har P.M.T. 2002]
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a) SO2
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b) CO
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c) CO2
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d) H2
Explanation
Hydrogen does not cause pollution. Hydrogen is considered as clean energy. Answer : (d)
Q.5
Ozone day is .... .....
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a) January 30
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b) September 16
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c) April 21
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d) December 25
Explanation
September 16 was designated by the United Nations General Assembly as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer. Answer : (b)
Q.6
Continuous sewage flow into a stream would lead to ... .... [E.A.M.C.E.T. 1996]
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a) Eutrophication
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b) Algal bloom
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c) Depletion of oxygen
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d) Increase in temperature
Explanation
Domestic sewage primarily contains biodegradable organic matter, which readily decomposes because of microorganism. Micro-organisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter in the receiving water body consume a lot of oxygen, and as a result there is a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage discharge. This causes mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures. Answer : (c)
Q.7
In vehicles, catalytic converter are used to .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 2011]
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a) Increases mileage
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b) Convert CO2 to carbonates
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c) Increase efficiency of lead petrol
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d) Convert CO to CO2
Explanation
Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively Answer : (d)
Q.8
Green house effect is warming due to ... ... [C.B.S.E. 1999]
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a) Infra-red rays reaching earth
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b) Moisture layer in atmosphere
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c) Increased in Temperature due to increase in carbon dioxide concentration of atmosphere
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d) Ozone layer of atmosphere
Explanation
Carbon dioxide is a green house gas. Increase in concentration of carbon dioxide and other green house gases in atmosphere leads to increase in temperature of earth's surface. This phenomenon is called global warming. Answer : (c)
Q.9
The photochemical smog is formed by .... ....
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a) Nitrogen oxides
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b) Hydrocarbons
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c) Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons
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d) Solar radiations upon nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons
Explanation
Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer, because that is when we have the most sunlight. Answer : (d)
Q.10
Formation of nonfunctional methaemoglobin causes blue baby syndrome, this is due to .... .... [Kerala 2007]
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a) Excess of arsenic in drinking water
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b) Excess of nitrate in drinking water
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c) Deficiency of iron in food
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d) Increased methane content in atmosphere
Explanation
Nitrates from polluted drinking water form compounds in the body that change haemoglobin to methemoglobin, decreasing the ability of blood to carry oxygen. This condition is referred to as blue baby syndrome. Answer : (b)
Q.11
Which of the following forms a toxic substance in blood by combining with haemoglobin? .... ..... [B.H.U. 1992]
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a) Carbon dioxide
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b) Carbon monoxide
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c) Oxygen
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d) Methane
Explanation
Carbon monoxide has more affinity to haemoglobin than oxygen and binds with the haemoglobin to form the carboxyhaemoglobin. This results in the deficiency of the oxygen in the body called carbon monoxide poisoning methane does not have affinity with haemoglobin. Answer : (b)
Q.12
Carbon monoxide, emitted by automobiles, prevents transport of oxygen in body due to .... ... [A.I.I.M.S. 2007]
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a) Combining with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
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b) Destruction of haemoglobin
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c) Preventing reaction between oxygen and haemoglobin
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d) Forming stable compound with haemoglobin
Explanation
Carbon monoxide has more affinity to haemoglobin than oxygen. When carbon monoxide from autombiles combine with haemoglobin forms Carboxyhemoglobin or carboxyhaemoglobin (symbol COHb or HbCO) which is a stable complex. This prevents reaction between and haemoglobin Answer : (d)
Q.13
Which is correct .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2007]
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a) Both Azotobacter and Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules of plants
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b) Cyanobacteria, Anabaena and Nostoc are mobilizers of phosphates and plant nutrition in soil
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c) At present it is not possible to grow maize without chemical fertilizers
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d) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers may lead to eutrophication of nearby water bodies
Explanation
Option (a) is not correct because Azotobacter is free living soil microbes that fix atmospheric nnitrogen. It is not present in root nodules of plants. Option (b) is not correct because Cyanobacteria Anabaena and Nostoc have specialized cells known as Heterocyst which help in nitrogen fixation. Option (c) is not correct because maize can be grown without chemical fertilizers. Option (d) is correct because excessive use of chemical fertilizers contaminate water bodies due to runoff of excess water and lead to increased algal growth due to nutrient enrichment of the water bodies. This is known as eutrophication. Answer : (d)
Q.14
Which pesticide is a herbicide .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2003]
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a) Malathion
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b) Lindane
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c) BHC
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d) 2, 4-D
Explanation
Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide Lindane has been used both as an agricultural insecticide and as a pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies. BHC is an insecticide 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a systemic herbicide that affects the specifically acts on the dicot weeds. It is used in the crop field of cereals to wipe out the weeds without affecting the monocot cereals. Answer : (d)
Q.15
Which is wrong .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2012]
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a) Most forests have been lost in tropical areas
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b) Greenhouse effect is natural phenomenon
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c) Ozone in upper part of atmosphere harmful to animals
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d) Eutrophication is natural phenomenon in fresh water bodies
Explanation
almost 40% forest have been lost in the tropics compared to only 1% in the temperate region. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon allowing life to occur on the planet. It is caused by a series of greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) that absorb part of the energy, while the remainder escapes into space. Ozone in upper part of atmosphere prevents UV ray from reaching the surface and is not harmful to animal. Eutrophication is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. Although eutrophication is commonly caused by human activities, it can also be a natural process, particularly in fresh water bodies like lakes Answer : (c)
Q.16
Atmospheric content of CO2 is ... .... [ C.B.S.E 1997]
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a) 0.0036%
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b) 0.036%
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c) 0.36%
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d) 3.6%
Explanation
CO2 constitutes about 0.041% by volume of the atmosphere. So nearest answer is option (b) Answer : (b)
Q.17
The first biocide used on a large scale was .... .... [Odisha 2009]
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a) Bordeaux mixture
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b) DDT
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c) Thurioside
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d) Benzene hexachloride
Explanation
Biocides are substances or products used to protect against unwanted plants, animals, or microorganisms. When it was introduced in World War II, DDT was effective in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. It was first biocides used in large scale. Answer : (b)
Q.18
Lead is .... .... [ C.P.M.T. 1992]
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a) Air pollutant
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b) Soil pollutant
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c) Radioactive pollutant
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d) Noise pollutant
Explanation
Lead can be released directly into the air, as suspended particles. Historic major sources of lead air emissions were motor vehicles and industrial sources Answer : (a)
Q.19
Montreal Protocol refers to .... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2009]
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a) Substances that deplete ozone layer
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b) Persistent organic fertilizers
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c) Global warming and climate change
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d) Biosafety of genetically modified organisms
Explanation
The Montreal Protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) Answer : (a)
Q.20
Which one of the following is not pollutant .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2004]
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a) CO2
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b) CO
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c) SO2
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d) NO2
Explanation
All the option except option (a) are pollutant. CO2 is greenhouse gas. Answer : (a)
Q.21
Addition of phosphates and nitrates into water leads to ... .... [ M.P.P.M.T. 1990 ]
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a) Increased growth of decomposers
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b) Reduced algal growth
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c) Increased algal growth
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d) Nutrient enrichment
Explanation
Addition of phosphates and nitrates into the water leads to nutrient enrichment. This phenomenon is called eutrophication. Eutrophication induces excessive growth of algae. Option (d) is correct. Answer : (d)
Q.22
Atmospheric carbon monoxide concentration becomes harmful at ... .... [R.P.M.T. 1996]
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a) 0.5 - 2 mm Hg
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b) 0.4 - 7 mm Hg
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c) 0.3 - 5 mm Hg
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d) 0.1 - 0.7 mm Hg
Explanation
A CO concentration of 12-13000 ppm or 0.1-0.7 mmHg is toxic Answer : (d)
Q.23
Which is not correct approach to reduce global warming .... .... [Kerala 2012]
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a) Cutting down use of fossil fuels
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b) Reducing deforestation
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c) Improving efficiency of energy use
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d) Cutting trees and increasing growth of human population
Explanation
Cutting down on fossil fuels, reducing deforestation and improving efficinecy of energy use will reduce the emission of cabon dioxide and helps in reducing global warming. Cutting trees and increasing growth of human population will increase carbon dioxide concentration. carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which result in increase in global warming. Answer : (d)
Q.24
Pollution can be checked through ... ..... [B.H.U. 1996]
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a) Reducing discharge of waste
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b) Increasing industrial development
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c) Throwing wastes in open spaces
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d) All
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.25
Arrange according to ascending order of BOD a. highly polluted pond water b. unpolluted pond water c. distilled water Guj .C.E.T. 2008
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a) b - c - a
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b) c - b - a
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c) c - a - b
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d) a - c – b
Explanation
BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria (those bacteria that live only in an environment containing oxygen). BOD is used, often in wastewater-treatment plants, as an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. Distilled water has almost no bacteria hence least BOD. next is unpolluted pond water. Highly unpolluted pond water has maximum aerobic bacteria and hence highest BOD Answer : (b)
Q.26
SO2 pollution is indicated by .... .... [C.B.S.E. 1992]
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a) Deschampsia
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b) Sphagnum
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c) Usnea
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d) Cucurbita
Explanation
Usnea is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs.Usnea is very sensitive to air pollution, especially sulfur dioxide. Under bad conditions they may grow no larger than a few millimetres, if they survive at all. Where the air is unpolluted, they can grow to 10–20 cm long. Answer : (c)
Q.27
Which one is employed for cleaning oil spillage .... .... [C.O.M.E.D.-K’s 2007]
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a) Escherichia coli
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b) Streptococcus
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c) Bacillus thuringiensis
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d) Pseudomonas
Explanation
Bioremediation refers to the use of specific microorganisms to remove any toxic or harmful substances. Species in the bacterial genus Pseudomonas present high potential for hydrocarbon degradation due to their metabolic diversity, their abundance in microbial communities, and their resistance to chemical remediation agents present at contamination sites. Answer : (d)
Q.28
DDT is .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 2004]
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a) Green house gas
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b) Degradable pollutant
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c) Nondegradable pollutant
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d) None
Explanation
DDT is very insoluble in water and very persistent (non-biodegradable) in the environment, making it a highly polluting hazard. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Freon gas causing stratosphere ozone depletion is mainly released from ... .... [W.B.2008]
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a) Refrigerators
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b) Automobiles
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c) Thermal power plants
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d) Steel industry
Explanation
Chlororflurocarbon known as freons are stable, nonflammable, low toxicity gases or liquids which have generally been used as refrigerants and as aerosol propellants. It was used in refrigerators, air conditioners, body sprays, etc. Answer : (a)
Q.30
A lake receiving domestic sewage shows .... .... [A.I.I.M.S. 2004]
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a) Drying up due to algal bloom
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b) Increased fish production due to higher nutrient availability
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c) Death of fish due to oxygen depletion
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d) Increased food web organization
Explanation
A lake receiving domestic sewage indicates high BOD. High BOD means more oxygen will be consumed by bacteria for process of decomposition of organic matter present in domestic sewage. This will result in depletion in oxygen leading to death of fishes. Answer : (c)
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