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Quiz 5
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Q.1
Carbon monoxide is harmful to human beings as it is .... .... [C.P.M.T. 1993]
0%
a) Carcinogenic
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b) Antagonistic to carbon dioxide
0%
c) With higher affinity for haemoglobin as compared to oxygen
0%
d) Destructive to ozone
Explanation
Carbon monoxide has more affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen. This result in formation in carboxyhemoglobin at any or all of the oxygen-binding sites of hemoglobin, reducing the ability of the hemoglobin molecule to release oxygen bound to other oxygen-binding sites. This is known as carbon monoxide poisoning. Answer : (c)
Q.2
Pollution indicators plants .... .... [Pb P.M.T. 1998]
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a) Are resistant to pollution
0%
b) Can purify the atmosphere
0%
c) Are very sensitive to pollutants
0%
d) Can indicate onset of rains
Explanation
Pollution indicators plants like are very sensitive to pollutant. They do not grow in areas where there is high level of pollution. Answer : (c)
Q.3
Which metal causes harmful effect
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a) Lead
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b) Cobalt
0%
c) Uranium
0%
d) All
Explanation
Exposure to high levels of lead may cause anemia, weakness, and kidney and brain damage. Exposure to cobalt may cause weight loss, dermatitis, and respiratory hypersensitivity. Inhaled insoluble uranium compounds can damage the respiratory tract. Answer : (d)
Q.4
Polluted water do not contain .... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2002]
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a) Stone fly larvae
0%
b) Sewage fungus
0%
c) Water hyacinth
0%
d) Cyanobacteria
Explanation
Larval stoneflies are sensitive to changes in water quality. In particular, stoneflies are sensitive to changes in dissolved oxygen and water temperature. Stoneflies need a high amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) to live comfortably. When the D.O. falls or the temperatures rise, stoneflies disappear. Polluted water have less amount of dissolved oxygen and so stonefly larvae cannot be found in it. Answer : (a)
Q.5
The two gases making highest relative contribution to the green house gases are ..... ...... [C.B.S.E. 2010]
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a) CH4 ,N2O
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b) CFC , N2O
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c) CO2 , NO2
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d) CO2 , CH4
Explanation
CO2 accounts for about 76 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions. Methane contributes 16 percent of greenhouse gas emissions and nitrous oxide contributes 6 percent to global emissions. Answer : (d)
Q.6
BOD is ... .... [Kerala 2004]
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a) Biological oxygen deficit
0%
b) Chemical oxygen demand
0%
c) Biological oxygen demand
0%
d) None
Explanation
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. Answer : (c)
Q.7
Which is correctly matched? .... .... [Kerala 2005]Arsenic poisoning - Black foot diseaseSecondary Effluent treatment - Biological processPyrolysis - Solid soil waste disposalTubifex - Water pollutionBiomagnification - Degradable pollutants
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a) 1, 2, 3, 5
0%
b) 1, 3, 4, 5
0%
c) 2, 3, 4, 5
0%
d) 1, 2, 3, 4
Explanation
Blackfoot disease is a characteristic vascular disease associated with long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic Secondary wastewater treatment processes use microorganisms to biologically remove contaminants from wastewater. Secondary biological processes can be aerobic or anaerobic, each process utilizing a different type of bacterial community. pyrolysis represents a process of thermal degradation of the waste in the total absence of air that produces recyclable products, including char, oil/wax and combustible gases. Tubifex tubifex and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri are the pollution-indicator oligochaete species identified in the fresh water ponds, which reveals that the studied ponds are subjected to pollution. Biomagnification process occurs when certain toxic chemicals and pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) compounds, usually non-biodegradable pollutants go up the food chain by working their way through the environment and into the soil or the water systems. Answer : (d)
Q.8
Noise pollution is measured in ... .... [ D.P.M.T. 1997]
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a) Hertz
0%
b) Fathoms
0%
c) Nanometres
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d) Decibels
Explanation
We measure sound intensity (also referred to as sound power or sound pressure) in units called decibels. The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and the U.S. customary systems equal to 6 feet, used especially for measuring the depth of water. A nanometer is one millionth of a milimeter. Answer : (d)
Q.9
Eutrophication of water bodies leading to killing of fishes is mainly due to .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 2008]
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a) Non-availability of oxygen
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b) Non-availability of light
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c) Non-availability of food
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d) Non-availability of essential minerals
Explanation
Eutrophication, distrophication or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body. Answer : (a)
Q.10
If a water body is contaminated with toxicant, its biomagnification will be more marked in .... .... [A.M.U. 2012]
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a) Plankton
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b) Small fish
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c) Birds
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d) Water
Explanation
Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is any concentration of a toxin, such as pesticides, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain. In the above options, birds come at successively higher level in food chain Answer : (c)
Q.11
Air pollutant photochemical oxidants include ... ..... [A.M.U 1999]
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a) Nitrous oxide, nitric acid, nitric oxide
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b) Oxygen, chlorine and nitric acid
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c) Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and aldehydes
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d) Carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide
Explanation
Photochemical oxidants are the secondary pollutants that are formed when the primary pollutants like hydrocarbons, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen react with sunlight. The major products of this reaction include tropospheric ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and aldehydes. They also contribute to the formation of the photochemical smog. Answer : (c)
Q.12
Identity the correctly matched pair .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2005]
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a) Basel Convention - Biodiversity conservation
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b) Kyoto protocol - Climate change
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c) Montreal protocol - Global warming
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d) Ramsar convention - Ground water pollution
Explanation
Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations not for biodiversity conservation The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions The Montreal Protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Answer : (b)
Q.13
Damage to Taj Mahal is being caused by ... .... [C.O.M.E.D.-K’s 2010]
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a) Acid rain
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b) Dust
0%
c) Global warming
0%
d) Smoke
Explanation
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Acid rain corrodes the marble (calcium carbonate) of Taj Mahal. It causes damage to this wonderful structure, causing yellowing of marble. Answer : (a)
Q.14
Radioactive Sr-90 can enter and accumulate in human body through ... .... [J.I.P.M.E.R.1996]
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a) Breathing in contaminated air
0%
b) Drinking water
0%
c) Soil
0%
d) Food chain
Explanation
Strontium-90 readily enters into the food chain from the soil when absorbed by the plants. Its persistent nature results in the biomagnification. Answer : (d)
Q.15
ASSERTION: Deforestation is one main factor contributing to global warming REASON: Besides Carbon dioxide, two other gases, methane and CFCs are also included under green house gases A.I.I.M.S. 2006
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
When trees are cut down and burned or allowed to rot, their stored carbon is released into the air as carbon dioxide. And this is how deforestation and forest degradation contribute to global warming. Thus the assertion is correct. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, CFCs. Thus reason is correct but it is not correct explanation for assertion as both statement are not inter-related. Answer : (b)
Q.16
Concentration of green house gases is increasing due to .... ..... [ D.P.M.T. 1997]
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a) Deforestation
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b) Increased use of refrigerators
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c) Increased combustion of coal and petroleum
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d) All
Explanation
The vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, traditional rice cultivation, increased use of refrigerators and air conditioners, use of autombiles and industries. Answer : (d)
Q.17
An indicator species of polluted waters is .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2010]
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a) Tubifex
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b) Phytoplankton
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c) Zooplankton
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d) Prawn
Explanation
Aquatic oligochaetes are known for their use as water quality indicators, especially in areas with urban and sewage effluent. In particular, the oligochaete species Tubifex tubifex is used as a water quality indicator because of its ability to tolerate low oxygen conditions, the presence of heavy metals, and other environmental conditions. Answer : (a)
Q.18
Beauty of Taj Mahal may be destroyed by ... ... [C.P.M.T. 2004]
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a) Flood in Yamuna
0%
b) Temperature mediated spoilage of marble
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c) Air pollutants from Mathura refinery
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d) All
Explanation
oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of carbon react with water and precipiate in the form of nitric acid and sulphuric acid called acid rains. Acid rains have resulted in the corrosion of the marble, making it to appear yellow. Mathura refinery releases oxides of nitrogen, sulphur. Answer : (c)
Q.19
A pollutant causing burning sensation of throat and eyes and vomiting sensation .... .... [Guj .C.E.T.]
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a) Hydrogen cyanides
0%
b) Arsenic
0%
c) Hydrogen sulphides
0%
d) Sulphur
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.20
Pollution indicator is ... .... [C.P.M.T. 2007]
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a) Agrobacterium
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b) Lichen
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c) Pteridium
0%
d) Both A and B
Explanation
Lichens are well known as sensitive indicators of air pollution, particularly for sulfur dioxide. Answer : (b)
Q.21
A green house gas is .... .....
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a) H2
0%
b) CO
0%
c) CO2
0%
d) N2
Explanation
A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone Answer : (c)
Q.22
Biological magnification occurs in case of ... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 2002]
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a) Organochlorine insecticides
0%
b) Organophosphate pesticides
0%
c) Plants and animals in ecosystem with abundant resources
0%
d) Photography
Explanation
Novel organic substances are not easily degraded because organisms lack previous exposure and have thus not evolved specific detoxification and excretion mechanisms, as there has been no selection pressure from them. These substances are consequently known as "persistent organic pollutants" or POPs. These are the substances that biomagnify. Examples of persistant organic pollutants (POPs) are DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). All these POPs are organochlorine insecticides. Answer : (a)
Q.23
If global warming continues, organism facing severe threat is .... .... [D.P.M.T. 2009]
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a) Banana
0%
b) Dolphin
0%
c) Cow
0%
d) Snow leopard
Explanation
A new WWF study reveals the likely impacts of global climate change on snow leopard habitat in the Himalayas. The WWF study indicates that if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase steadily, 30 percent of snow leopard habitat in the Himalayas may be lost to shifts in its treeline habitat. Answer : (d)
Q.24
When domestic sewage mixes with river water ..... ..... [C.B.S.E 2010]
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a) Small animals like rats will die after drinking river water
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b) The increased microbial activity releases micronutrients such as iron
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c) The increased microbial activity uses up dissolved oxygen
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d) The river water is still suitable for drinking water as impurities are only about 0.1%
Explanation
Domestic sewage contains large amounts of organic matter. When domestic sewage mixes with river water, this will lead to increase in BOD or Biochemical Oxygen Demand. BOD is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to decompose organic matter in one litre of polluted water. If the water is more polluted, more will be the BOD because more will be the organic matter present in it and hence, more oxygen will be required to decompose it. Hence, the dissolved oxygen will be used up by the bacteria to decompose the organic matter. Answer : (c)
Q.25
Most toxic product of vehicles polluted had been .... ..... [Wardha 2011]
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a) Pb
0%
b) CO
0%
c) CO2
0%
d) NO2
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.26
Lead is considered mainly .... ..... [M.P.P.M.T. 2000]
0%
a) Soil pollutant
0%
b) Water pollutant
0%
c) Air pollutant
0%
d) Noise pollutant
Explanation
Lead can be released directly into the air, as suspended particles. Historic major sources of lead air emissions were motor vehicles and industrial sources. Lead is a major air pollutant. Answer : (c)
Q.27
Biomagnification of DDT causes decline in bird population by .... .... [H.P.P.M.T. 2010]
0%
a) Bringing disturbance in calcium metabolism
0%
b) Thinning of egg shell
0%
c) Premature breaking of eggs
0%
d) All
Explanation
High concentrations of DDT disturb calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking, eventually causing decline in bird populations Answer : (d)
Q.28
Daytime sound level in silent zone is .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2008]
0%
a) 20 dB
0%
b)40 dB
0%
c) 50 dB
0%
d) 70 dB
Explanation
'silent zone' includes areas that lie within 100 meters of the premises of schools, colleges, hospitals and courts. The permissible noise limit in this zone is 50 dB during the day and 40 dB during the night. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Spraying of DDT produces pollution of .... ..... [ C.P.M.T. 1990]
0%
a) Air
0%
b) Air and water
0%
c) Air and soil
0%
d) Air, water and soil
Explanation
DDT is non-biodegradable pollutant and biomagnify. It pollutes air, water and soil. Answer : (d)
Q.30
Which is more hazardous to human health .... ..... [M.P.P.M.T. 2009]
0%
a) Pyrethrum
0%
b) DDT
0%
c) Rotenone
0%
d) Humulin
Explanation
Pyrethrum is the crude extract obtained from the flowers of Chrysanthemum plant. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT is a crystalline, colourless and odourless compound which is used as an insecticide. DDT is considered a possible human carcinogen. Rotenone is a colourless and odourless crystalline compound used as a broad spectrum pesticide and insecticide. Humulin is the genetically engineered insulin hormones of humans. Hence, DDT is more hazardous to human health. Answer : (b)
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