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Quiz 8
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Q.1
Pollutant released by jet plane is .... .... [B.H.U. 2002]
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a) Fog
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b) Aerosol
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c) Smog
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d) Colloid
Explanation
Aerosols are chlorofluoro-hydrocarbon compounds released into air with force in the form of vapour. Main source of aerosols is the emission of jet planes, where fluorocarbons are used. Answer : (b)
Q.2
Maximum permissible noise as per Noise Pollution Rules 2000 is .... .... [Odisha 2003]
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a) 75dB
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b) 65 dB
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c) 55 dB
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d) 45 dB
Explanation
In industrial areas, the permissible limit is 75 dB for daytime and 70 dB at night. In commercial areas, it is 65 dB and 55 dB while in residential areas it is 55 dB and 45 dB during daytime and night respectively. Maximum noise limit is 75 dB Answer : (a)
Q.3
Lichens do not occur in areas with .... ..... [D.P.M.T. 2002]
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a) Pollution
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b) Humidity
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c) Low temperature
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d) High temperature
Explanation
Lichens also absorb sulphur dioxide dissolved in water. Lichens are widely used as environmental indicators or bio-indicators. If air is very badly polluted with sulphur dioxide there may be no lichens present, just green algae may be found. If the air is clean, shrubby, hairy and leafy lichens become abundant. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Carbon monoxide is pollutant as it ... .... [ B.H.U. 2008]
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a) Inactive nerves
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b) Inhibits glycolysis
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c) Combines with oxygen
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d) Combines with haemoglobin
Explanation
Carboxyhemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin (Hb) that forms in red blood cells. Large quantities of CO hinder the ability of Hb to deliver oxygen to the body, because carboxyhemoglobin forms more readily than does oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin at the same sites as oxygen, but approximately 200 times more tightly. Answer : (d)
Q.5
Photochemical smog consists of .... ..... [Kerala 2007]
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a) O3, SOX and hydrocarbons
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b) PAN, NOX , O3
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c) SOX ,CO2 , hydrocarbons
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d) PAN and smoke
Explanation
The formation of photochemical smog involves three primary ingredients: nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and sunlight Besides ozone, photochemical smog contains a number of other pollutants, including:Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) Nitrous acid (HNO2) Nitric acid (HNO3) Answer : (b)
Q.6
ASSERTION: Amount of biodegradable organic matter present in water is measured by BOD of water REASON: During biodegradation of organic compounds, oxygen is released A.I.I.M.S. 2011
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria. BOD is used, often in wastewater-treatment plants, as an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. So the assertion is correct. During biodegradation of organic compounds, carbon dioxide is released if degradation occurs in presence of oxygen while methane is released if degradation occurs in absence of oxygen. So reason is false Answer : (c)
Q.7
World environment day is .... ..... [A.M.U. 1999]
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a) 28th Feb
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b) 5th June
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c) 7th Aug
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d) 10th April
Explanation
World Environment Day is celebrated on 5 June every year, and is the United Nations' principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of the environment. Answer : (b)
Q.8
Which one causes degradation of RBC? .... .... [Guj .C.E.T. 2008]
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a) Hydrocarbons
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b)Sulphur compounds
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c) ammonia
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d) Arsenic compounds
Explanation
arsenic is inevitably absorbed into the blood stream. Arsenic in cells clearly stimulates the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When the H2O2 reacts with certain metals such as iron or manganese it produces a highly reactive hydroxyl radical. Iron is present haemoglobin of RBC which result in degradation of RBC. Answer : (d)
Q.9
Drawback of DDT as pesticide is .... .... [Kerala 2008]
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a) It becomes ineffective after some time
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b) It is less effective than others
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c) It is not easily degraded in nature
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d) Its high cost
Explanation
DDT is a persistent organic pollutant that is readily adsorbed to soils and sediments, which can act both as sinks and as long-term sources of exposure affecting organisms. Depending on conditions, its soil half-life can range from 22 days to 30 years. It is not easily degraded. Its breakdown products and metabolites, DDE and DDD, are also persistent and have similar chemical and physical propertie Answer : (c)
Q.10
In treatment of waste, biological treatment is .... ..... [C.P.M.T. 2008]
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a) Primary treatment
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b) Secondary treatment
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c) Tertiary treatment
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d) None of the above
Explanation
There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment. Primary treatment : These treatment steps basically involve physical removal of particles – large and small – from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. Secondary treatment of wastewater works on a deeper level than primary and is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the waste through aerobic biological processes The aim of tertiary wastewater treatment is to raise the quality of the water to domestic and industrial standards, or to meet specific requirements around the safe discharge of water. In the case of water treated by municipalities, tertiary treatment also involves the removal of pathogens, which ensures that water is safe for drinking purposes. Answer : (b)
Q.11
CFC are air polluting agents, they are produced by ... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2000] Explanation provided, please click on
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a) Acid batteries
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b) Diesel trucks
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c) Aerosols
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d) Jet Planes
Explanation
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are anthropogenic compounds that have been released into the atmosphere since the 1930s in various applications such as in air-conditioning, refrigeration, blowing agents in foams, insulations and packing materials, propellants in aerosol cans, and as solvents. Answer : (c)
Q.12
Exposure to noise pollution causes ... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 2001]
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a) Increased heart beat
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b) Constriction of blood vessels
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c) Dilation of pupil
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d) All
Explanation
Exposure to prolonged or excessive noise has been shown to cause a range of health problems ranging from stress, poor concentration, productivity losses in the workplace, and communication difficulties and fatigue from lack of sleep, to more serious issues such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, tinnitus and hearing loss. Roadway noise levels are sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow and lead to elevated blood pressure. Answer : (d)
Q.13
Which one of the following is not used for disinfection of drinking water .... ..... [C.B.S.E. 2005]
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a) Chlorine
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b) Ozone
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c) Chloramine
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d) Phenyl
Explanation
Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to drinking water to disinfect it and kill germs. Ozone is a powerful oxidising agent which, when dissolved in water, produces a broad spectrum biocide that destroys all bacteria, viruses and cysts. Chloramines (also known as secondary disinfection) are disinfectants used to treat drinking water. Answer : (d)
Q.14
As it passes into food chain. the concentration of DDT .... .... ]K.C.E.T. 2000]
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a) Remains same
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b) Decreases
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c) Increases
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d) Unpredictable
Explanation
the concentration of DDT is increased at successive trophic levels; say if it starts at 0.003 ppb (ppb = parts per billion) in water, it can ultimately reach 25 ppm (ppm = parts per million) in fish-eating birds, through biomagnification. Answer : (c)
Q.15
Ozone hole refers to ... ..... [A.F.M.C. 2001]
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a) Hole in ozone layers
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b) Reduction in thickness of ozone layer in stratosphere
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c) Reduction of thickness of ozone in troposphere
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d) Increase concentration of ozone
Explanation
a region of marked thinning of the ozone layer in high latitudes i.e. stratosphere chiefly in winter, attributed to the chemical action of CFCs and other atmospheric pollutants. The resulting increase in ultraviolet light at ground level gives rise to an increased risk of skin cancer. Answer : (b)
Q.16
Which is not a air pollutant? .... .... [Kerala 2009]
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a) Phosphate
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b) Hydrocarbons
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c) Pollen grains
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d) Sulphur dioxide
Explanation
Phosphate is an water pollutant which leads to eutrophication. Hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide are air pollutant which causes smog and acid rain respectively. Pollen grain is generally not characterised as air pollutant, but many people are allergic to pollen and so can be considered as air pollutant. Answer : (a)
Q.17
Indiscriminate use of fertilizers causes .... .... [A.M.U. 1997]
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a) Air pollution
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b) Water pollution
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c) Land pollution
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d) All
Explanation
Excessive use of fertilizers will lead in run-off of fertilizers by rain in water bodies like lakes, ponds. This continuous supply of nutrient will result in eutrophication. Thus indiscriminate use of fertilizers is water pollution. Answer : (b)
Q.18
Intensity level of whispering noise is .... .... [W.B. 2009]
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a) 10 - 15 dB
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b) 20 - 40 dB
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c) 40 - 50 dB
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d) 50 - 55 dB
Explanation
A whisper is about 30 dB, normal conversation is about 60 dB Answer : (b)
Q.19
Ozone hole is caused by .... ..... [Manipal 2001]
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a) Acetylene
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b) Ethylene
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c) CFC
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d) Methane
Explanation
Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts; Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Answer : (c)
Q.20
A non-biodegradable pollutant is .... .... [C.O.M.E.D.-K’s 2006]
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a) Newsprint
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b) Green leaves
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c) DDT
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d) Cowdung
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.21
Which pollutant causes leaf curling? .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 1997]
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a) CO
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b)H2S
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c) O3
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d) SO2
Explanation
SO2 inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting the photosynthetic mechanism. The opening of the stomata is promoted by sulfur dioxide, resulting in an excessive loss of water. With the increase in SO2 concentration, lamina curling was observed to be associated with drying and developing brittleness Answer : (d)
Q.22
Cattle ranches cause acute greenhouse effect because of .... ..... [A.I.I.M.S. 2012]
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a) Methanogenic bacteria in rumen
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b) Mechanised milking pratices
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c) Decompositon of organic remains in faeces
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d) Decomposition of left over fodder
Explanation
Methanogenic bacteria is present in rumen of cattle. When cattle consumes cellulosic material, these bacteria help in the breakdown of cellulose. Methane is also released. Methane is a greenhouse gas. Answer : (a)
Q.23
Act formulated in 1986 .... ..... [Kerala 2006]
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a) The Insecticide Act
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b) The Environmental Act
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c) The Water Act
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d) The Air Act
Explanation
Environment Protection Act, 1986 is an “umbrella” legislation designed to provide a framework for central government coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act. Answer : (b)
Q.24
Sewage water is purified by ... .... [A.M.U. 2001]
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a) Microorganisms
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b) Light
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c) Fishes
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d) Aquatic plants
Explanation
Treatment of waste water is done by the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage. This treatment is carried out in two stages: Primary treatment : These treatment steps basically involve physical removal of particles – large and small – from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. The effluent from the primary settling tank is taken for secondary treatment. Secondary treatment or Biological treatment : The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures). While growing, these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent and purifies water. Answer : (a)
Q.25
Allethrin is .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2003]
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a) Fertilizer
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b) Herbicide
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c) Growth hormone
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d) Insecticide
Explanation
The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides. They are synthetic pyrethroids, a synthetic form of a chemical found naturally in the chrysanthemum flower. Answer : (d)
Q.26
Black foot disease is due to ground water contamination of .... .... [J.K.C.M.E.E. 2011]
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a) Nitrate
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b) Fluoride
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c) Sulphur
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d) Arsenic
Explanation
exposure to arsenic via drinking-water has been shown to cause a severe disease of the blood vessels, which leads to gangrene, known as 'black foot disease'. Answer : (d)
Q.27
Country contributed maximum to hole formation in ozone layer is ... .... [C.B.S.E. 2002]
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a) U.S.A
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b) Russia
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c) Germany
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d) Japan
Explanation
The USA is mainly responsible for the emission of chlorofluorocarbons, which made it contribute greatly to the formation of a hole in the ozone layer. Answer : (a)
Q.28
Steps taken by government of India in controlling air pollution are .... .... [C.B.S.E 2009]
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a) Compulsory mixing of 20% ethyl alcohol in petrol and 20% biodiesel in diesel
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b) Use of CNG as fuel by buses and trucks
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c) Compulsory PUC certification of petrol driven vehicles which tests for CO and hydrocarbons
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d) Permission to use only pure diesel with maximum 500 ppm sulphur
Explanation
The Government of India through a new auto fuel policy has laid out a roadmap to cut down vehicular pollution in Indian cities. More stringent norms for fuels means steadily reducing the sulphur and aromatic content in petrol and diesel fuels. Euro III norms, for example, stipulate that sulphur be controlled at 350 parts-per-million (ppm) in diesel and 150 ppm in petrol. Aromatic hydrocarbons are to be contained at 42 per cent of the concerned fuel. The goal, according to the roadmap, is to reduce sulphur to 50 ppm in petrol and diesel and bring down the level to 35 per cent. Corresponding to the fuel, vehicle engines will also need to be upgraded. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Thermal pollution, is more prevalent near ... .... [Pb P.M.T. 1998]
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a) Hot water springs
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b) Coal based power plants
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c) Temperature zones
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d) Tropical zones
Explanation
Heated (thermal) wastewaters flowing out of electricity-generating units,e.g., thermal power plants, constitute another important category of pollutants. Thermal wastewater eliminates or reduces the number of organisms sensitive to high temperature, and may enhance the growth of plants and fish in extremely cold areas but, only after causing damage to the indigenous flora and fauna. About 75 to 82 percent of thermal pollution is generated by power plants. Answer : (b)
Q.30
Third generation pesticides are ..... .... [Pb P.M.T. 2003]
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a) Pheromones
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b) Juvenile hormone analogues
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c) Insect repellents
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d) Pathogens
Explanation
Third generation pesticides are chemicals, called juvenile hormones, are made in two small glands in insects' heads. Juvenile hormone must be secreted at certain stages in an insect's life and not secreted at other times. Answer : (b)
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