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Evolution Mcq
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Q.1
Darwin's finches show .. ... [ CBSE 2008]
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a) Adaptive radiation
0%
b) Parallel evolution
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c) Homology
0%
d) Natural selection
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.2
Darwin's theory of pangenesis proposes ... ... [ CBSE 2001]
0%
a) Some physical basis of inheritance
0%
b) Development of useless organs
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c) Increase in organ size with age
0%
d) Development of organs due to will power
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.3
hardy - Weinberg principle cannot operate if ... .. [ KCET 2012]
0%
a) Population is large
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b) Free interbreeding among all members
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c) Frequent mutation occur in population
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d) Population does not interact with other population
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.4
Which one is restricted to a specific area ... .. [ WB 2011]
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a) Allopatric species
0%
b) Sympatric species
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c) Sibling species
0%
d) Endemic species
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.5
Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of.... [NEET 2020]
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a) Industrial melanism
0%
b) Natural selection
0%
c) Adaptive radiation
0%
d) Convergent evolution
Explanation
correct
Q.6
A gene locus has two alleles A, a. If the frequency of dominant allele A is 0.4, then what will be the frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive individuals in the population? [NEET 2019]
0%
a) 0.36(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.16(aa)
0%
b) 0.16(AA); 0.24(Aa); 0.36(aa)
0%
c) 0.16(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.36(aa)
0%
d) 0.16(AA); 0.36(Aa); 0.48(aa)
Explanation
Frequency of dominant allele (say p) = 0.4 Frequency of recessive allele (say q) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6 ∴ Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA) = p2 = (0.4)2 = 0.16 Frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa) = 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48 Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa) = q2 = (0.6)2 = 0.36 Answer : (c)
Q.7
Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option : [NEET 2018]
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a) Brain of bat, man and cheetah
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b) Heart of bat, man and cheetah
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c) Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
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d) Eye of octopus, bat and man
Explanation
The same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs. This is divergent evolution and these structures are homologous. Homology indicates common ancestry. Examples are vertebrate hearts or brains and forebrain. Eye of octopus, bat and man are examples of analogous organs showing convergent evolution. Answer : (d)
Q.8
The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of ... ...[NEET 2018]
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a) Convergent evolution
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b) Analogy
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c) Homology
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d) Adaptive radiation
Explanation
Bats, Cheetah and human (all mammals) share similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimbs. Though these forelimbs perform different functions in these animals, they have similar anatomical structure. Hence, in these animals, the same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs. This is divergent evolution and these structures are homologous. Answer : (c)
Q.9
From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask .... .. [NEET 2020]
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a) CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 600°C
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b) CH3, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 600°C
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c) CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 800°C
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d) CH3, H2, NH4 and water vapor at 800°C
Explanation
In 1953, S.L. Miller, an American scientist created similar conditions in a laboratory scale. He created electric discharge in a closed flask containing CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapour at 800°C Answer : (c)
Q.10
According to Darwinism, fossils of organisms found in South America resemble fossils of ... ... [ Odisha 2004 ]
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a) North America
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b) Africa
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c) Australia
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d) Both B and C
Explanation
According to Darwinism, fossils of organisms found in South America resemble fossils of Africa and Australia. Answer : (d)
Q.11
Match the columns
Column I
Column II
i) Darwin
a) Use and disuse theory
ii) Lamarck
b) Origin of species
iii) Hugo de Vries
c) Origin of life
iv) A.S. Oparin
d) Mutation theory
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a) i → b, ii → a, iii → d, iv → c
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b) i → a, ii → b, iii → c, iv → d
0%
c) i → b, ii → c, iii → d, iv → ca
0%
d) i → b, ii → a, iii → b, iv → c
Explanation
Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution. (iv)-(c). Hugo deVries based on his work on evening primrose brought forth the idea of mutations – large difference arising suddenly in a population. (iii)-(d). French naturalist Lamarck had said that evolution of life forms had occurred but driven by use and disuse of organs. (ii)-a. Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. (i)-b. Answer : (a)
Q.12
To Cuvier, the difference in fossils from different strata were evidences for ... .. [ Pb. PMT 2005]
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a) Divine creation
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b) Evolution by natural selection
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c) Local catastrophic events
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d) Continental drift
Explanation
To Cuvier, the difference in fossils from different strata were evidences for local catastrophic events such as droughts or floods was the first to demonstrate that the different strata of rock in the Paris basin each had its own mammal fauna. Furthermore, he showed that the lower a stratum was, the more different its fossil animals were from species living in the present. Yet Cuvier rejected the idea of organic evolution. He was an essentialist, convinced that plants and animals of all types were created for their particular roles and places in the world's environment, and that they were unchanging throughout their existence. There was no scale of perfection, in Cuvier's view, because each animal was perfectly adapted to its position in the natural world. He could see no evidence for a steady increase in complexity or perfection as claimed by those who believed in a "great chain of being." He said, catastrophic events had killed off all members of some species, and their fossils would no longer be seen in the rocks. Subsequently, he believed, the old species were replaced by new ones that repopulated Earth. Answer : (c)
Q.13
In a hardy -Weinberg population, the frequency of allele A of gene A a is 0.What is the frequency of allele a ... .. [ HPPMT 2012]
0%
a) 0.6
0%
b) 0.48
0%
c) 0.16
0%
d) 0.36
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.14
Which can not be explained by Lamarckism ... .. [ Odisha 2006]
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a) Flightless birds
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b) Elongation of neck in giraffe
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c) Weak progeny of Nobel laureate
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Lamarck had said that evolution of life forms had occurred but driven by use and disuse of organs. He gave the examples of Giraffes who in an attempt to forage leaves on tall trees had to adapt by elongation of their necks. The development of flightless brids like an ostrich from flying ancestors is considered due to continued disuse of wings as they were found in well-protected areas with plenty of food. Weak progeny of Nobel laureate cannot be explained by lamarckism. Answer : (c)
Q.15
Galapagos Islands were visited by ... .. [ AIIMS 1998]
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a) Wallace
0%
b) Darwin
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c) Lamaeck
0%
d) De Vries
Explanation
During his journey Darwin went to Galapagos Islands. There he observed an amazing diversity of creatures. The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation. Answer : (b)
Q.16
Half life of 14C is .... ... [ CBSE 2001 ]
0%
a) 50 years
0%
b) 500 years
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c) 5000 years
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d) 5 × 104 years
Explanation
Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 ± 40 years—i.e., half the amount of the radioisotope present at any given time will undergo spontaneous disintegration during the succeeding 5,730 years. Answer : (c)
Q.17
Archaeopteryx is known as missing/connecting link because it is a fossil and has characters between ... ... [ CPMT 1991 ]
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a) Fishes and amphibians
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b) Birds and reptiles
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c) Reptiles and mammals
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d) Chordates and non chordates
Explanation
Archaeopteryx was first described as the 'missing link' between reptiles and birds in 1861 – and is now regarded as the link between dinosaurs and birds Answer : (b)
Q.18
Assertion and : Darwin's finches show a variety of beaks suited for eating large seeds, flying insects and cactus seeds Reason: Ancestral seed eating stock of Darwin's finches radiated out from South American mainland to different geographical areas of Galapagos islands where they found competition free new habitats ... ... [ AIIMS 2005]
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
All the varieties of finches, Darwin conjectured, evolved on the island itself. From the original seed-eating features, many other forms with altered beaks arose, enabling them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches. These finches orignated from south america mainland and radiating to Galapagos island. This process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Oldest rock is dated ... ... [ Manipal 1999 ]
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a) 3.0 billion years
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b) 3.8 billion years
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c) 4.4 billion years
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d) 5.7 billion years
Explanation
Jack Hills, Australia, where rocks were found to contain the oldest known minerals on Earth, a 4.4 billion-year-old zircon. Answer : (c)
Q.20
Phenomenon of organism having similar structure with a similar origin is ... ... [ Manipal 2001 ]
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a) Mimicry
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b) Analogy
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c) Homology
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d) Both And B
Explanation
Phenomenon in which, the same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs. This is divergent evolution and these structures are homologous. Answer : (c)
Q.21
In random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner ... .. [ CBSE 2003 ]
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a) Mutations
0%
b) Random drift
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c) Selection
0%
d) Migration
Explanation
Genetic drift describes random fluctuations in the numbers of gene variants in a population. Genetic drift takes place when the occurrence of variant forms of a gene, called alleles, increases and decreases by chance over time. Answer : (b)
Q.22
Fossils found in Mandla district of M.P is ... .. [ MPPMT 2007 ]
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a) 260 million years old
0%
b) 100 million years old
0%
c) 50 million years old
0%
d) 20 million years old
Explanation
Fossil found in Mandla district belongs to late jurrasic or cretaceous era. Discovery of 65-million-year-old dinosaur eggs was done . Fossil of this species was never before seen in India. Answer : (c)
Q.23
What is correct ... ... [ manipal 2001 ]
0%
a) Lamarck's theory → Struggle for existence
0%
b) Biogenetic law → Recapitulation theory
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c) Lamarck's theory → Theory of continuity
0%
d) Darwin's theory → Use of oreganos
Explanation
The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism states that each embryo's developmental stage represents an adult form of an evolutionary ancestor. Answer : (b)
Q.24
Chief agent of evolution is ... ... [ Pb. PMT 1997]
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a) natural selection
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b) mutation
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c) acquired characters
0%
d) sexual reproduction
Explanation
Natural selection is a process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are enabled to reproduce and leave greater number of progeny. It is main reason of evolution. Answer : (a)
Q.25
Coacervates were experimentally produced by ... ... [ KCET 2004 ]
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a) Oparin and Sidney Fox
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b) Fischer and Huxley
0%
c) Jacob and Monod
0%
d) Urey and Miller
Explanation
Oparin suggested chemogeny i.e., chemical origin of life. They suggested that from simple compounds like methane, ammonia, complex organic compounds wew fromed gradually. Coacervates were non living colloidal aggregates of organic molecules. It was experimentally formed by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey. Answer : (d)
Q.26
Which is related to evolution .. ... [ CPMT 2007]
0%
a) Reproduction
0%
b) Competition
0%
c) Variations
0%
d) Extinction
Explanation
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. Darwin believed that continuous and useful variations constitute the raw material of evolution. Answer : (c)
Q.27
Golden Age of Dinosaurs'/ Age of reptiles was ... ... [ CBSE 2002 ]
0%
a) Mesozoic
0%
b) Cenozoic
0%
c) Palaeozoic
0%
d) Psychozoic
Explanation
Mesozoic is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting about 252 to 66 million years ago. Mesozoic is also called the Age of Reptiles Answer : (a)
Q.28
If the mean and median pertaining to a character in population are of the same value, which is likely to occur ... .. [ CBSE 2007]
0%
a) A bimodal distribution
0%
b) A T-shaped to occur
0%
c) A skewed curve
0%
d) Normal distribution
Explanation
A bimodal distribution is a set of data that has two peaks (modes). The “bi” in bimodal distribution refers to “two” and modal refers to the peaks The normal distribution is a bell-shaped, symmetrical distribution in which the mean, median and mode are all equal In a skewed (unbalanced, lopsided) distribution, the mean is farther out in the long tail than is the median. Answer : (d)
Q.29
Russian scientist who proposed the theory of origin of life was ... [ Har PMT 1993 ]
0%
a) Oparin
0%
b) Haldane
0%
c) Miller
0%
d) Fox
Explanation
Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. The conditions on earth were – high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3, etc. Answer : (a)
Q.30
Select the correct statement ... .. [ CBSE 2007]
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a) Darwinian variations are small and directionless
0%
b) Mutations are not random and directionless
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c) Fitness is the end result of ability to adapt and get selected by nature
0%
d) All mammals except whales and camels have seven cervical vertebrae
Explanation
Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature and hence called, “Survival of the fittest through natural selection. Fitness is the potentiality of the selection and the organism’s response to it through genetic means. The stress of the environment in high altitude is to tide over “ hypoxia” through broadening their chests and increased volume of the lungs to utilize available less oxygen in more effective way through adaptation. Answer : (c)
Q.31
Origin of first toothed birds and gymnosperms occurred during ... .. [ CPMT 2009]
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a) Cretaceous
0%
b) Jurassic
0%
c) Triassic
0%
d) Permian
Explanation
The Gymnosperms and first toothed birds originated during the late Paleozoic era but flourished very well during early Mesozoic era. Triassic is early mesozoic era. Answer : (c)
Q.32
Process of evolution is ... .. [ DPMT 2002 ]
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a) Discontinuous
0%
b) Discontinuous in the past but continuous presently
0%
c) Continuous in the past but discontinuous presently
0%
d) Continuous
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.33
Nondirectional force altering Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is ... .. [ Odisha 2006]
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a) Genetic drift
0%
b) Gene flow
0%
c) Gene recombination
0%
d) Mutation
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.34
Ultimate source of variation is .. .. [ CET Chd 2003 ]
0%
a) Mutation
0%
b) Sexual reproduction
0%
c) Genetic drift
0%
d) None of the above
Explanation
Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. deVries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation). Answer : (a)
Q.35
Two related populations occupying geographically separate area are ... .. [ Kerala 2007]
0%
a) Allopatric population
0%
b) Parapatric populations
0%
c) Quantum populations
0%
d) Saltational populations
Explanation
In allopatric speciation, groups from an ancestral population evolve into separate species due to a period of geographical separation. Answer : (a)
Q.36
Correct order is ... .. [ CBS 1991 ]
0%
a) Palaeozoic → Archaeozoic → cenozoic
0%
b) Archaeozoic → Palaeozoic → Proterozoic
0%
c) Palaeozoic → Mesozoic → cenozoic
0%
d) Mesozoic → Archaeozoic → Proterozoic
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.37
Concept of chemical evolution of life is based on .. .. [ CBSE 2007 ]
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a) Effect of solar radiations on chemicals
0%
b) Interaction of water, air an clay under intense heat
0%
c) Combination of chemicals under hot moist environment conditions
0%
d) Crystallization of chemicals
Explanation
Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. The conditions on earth were – high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3, etc. In 1953, S.L. Miller, an American scientist created similar conditions in a laboratory scale. He created electric discharge in a closed flask containing CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapour at 800°C. Answer : (c)
Q.38
Mesozoic era is known as golden age of ... .... [ MPPMT 2007 ]
0%
a) Fishes
0%
b) Amphibians
0%
c) Reptiles
0%
d) Mollusca
Explanation
Mesozoic is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting about 252 to 66 million years ago. Mesozoic is also called the Age of Reptiles. Answer : (c)
Q.39
Fossils indicate the evolution of ... .. [ CPMT 1994 ] Explanation is provided, please click on
0%
a) Monkey
0%
b) Dinosaur
0%
c) Horse
0%
d) Man
Explanation
The evolutionary lineage of the horse is among the best-documented in all paleontology the horse family remains the classic example of evolution. As more and more horse fossils have been found, some ideas about horse evolution have changed, but the horse family remains a good example of evolution Answer : (c)
Q.40
Which is related to reproductive isolation? ... .. [ EAMCET 1999 ]
0%
a) Genetic isolation
0%
b) Behavioral isolation
0%
c) Temporal isolation
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
It is the formation of species without geographical isolation and these species are called sympatric speciation. It is reproductive, behavioural and temporal isolation. Answer : (d)
Q.41
Genetic drift operates in ... .. [ Har PMT 2007]
0%
a) Large isolated population
0%
b) Small isolated population
0%
c) Fast reproductive population
0%
d) Slow reproductive population
Explanation
New genes/alleles are added to the new population and these are lost from the old population. There would be a gene flow if this gene migration, happens multiple times. If the same change occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift. Genetic drift is most important in small populations. Answer : (b)
Q.42
Darwin's finches provide evidence of evolution from ... ... [ AFMC 2007 ]
0%
a) Anatomy
0%
b) Morphology
0%
c) Biogeography
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
All the varieties of Darwin's finches, evolved on the island itself. From the original seed-eating features, many other forms with altered beaks arose, enabling them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches. This process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation. Answer : (c)
Q.43
Genetic drift is found in ... .. [ AIIMS 2001]
0%
a) small population with or without mutated genes
0%
b) large population with random mating
0%
c) animal population
0%
d) plant population
Explanation
Typically, genetic drift occurs in small populations, where infrequently occurring alleles face a greater chance of being lost. Answer : (a)
Q.44
Match the columns
a) Charles Darwin
Mutation theory
b) Lamarck
Germ mplasm theory
c) Hugo de Vries
Philosophie Zoologique
d) Ernst Haeckel
Origin of species
e) August Weismann
Biogenetic law
-- --
Essay on population
0%
a) a - 4, b - 3, c - 1, d - 5, e - 2
0%
b) a - 4, b - 3, c - 5, d - 1, e - 6
0%
c) a - 4, b - 2, c - 5, d - 3, e - 1
0%
d) a - 2, b - 3, c - 1, d - 5, e - 6
Explanation
1. Hugo de Vries gave mutation theory. 2. Charles Darwin: Origin of species 3. "Philosophie Zoologique" is a 1809 book by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. 4. The biogenetic law is a theory of development and evolution proposed by Ernst Haeckel in Germany in the 1860s. 5. Weismann proposed the theory of the continuity of germ-plasm, a theory of heredity. Answer : (a)
Q.45
Potato and Sweet Potato have edible parts which are ... .. [ AIIMS 2004 ]
0%
a) homologous
0%
b) analogous
0%
c) recent introductions
0%
d) two species of the same genus
Explanation
Sweet potato (root modification) and potato (stem modification) is another example for analogy. Answer : (b)
Q.46
Isolation leads to ...
0%
a) Species differentiation
0%
b) Evolutionary divergence
0%
c) Formation of analogous structures
0%
d) Formation of similar traits
Explanation
Geographic isolation is a common way for the process of speciation to begin. Answer : (a)
Q.47
Theory of Natural selection dwells on .. ... [ CBSE 1993]
0%
a) Role of environment in evolution
0%
b) Natural selection acting on favorable variations
0%
c) Changes in gene complex resulting in heritable variations
0%
d) Inheritance of acquired characters
Explanation
The theory of natural selection dwells on natural selection acting on favorable variations. In simple words, we can explain this by saying the survival of the fittest. Answer : (b)
Q.48
What is common to Whale, Seal and Shark ... .. [ CBSE 2007]
0%
a) Homoiothermy
0%
b) Seasonal migration
0%
c) Thick subcutaneous fat
0%
d) Convergent evolution
Explanation
They perform similar functions i.e. swimming. Hence, analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity. Answer : (d)
Q.49
Basic principles of embryonic development were pronounced by ... ... [ CBSE 1990 ]
0%
a) Van Baer
0%
b) Weismann
0%
c) Haeckel
0%
d) Morgan
Explanation
In 1828, while working at the University of Königsberg in Königsberg, Germany, Karl Ernst von Baer proposed four laws of animal development, which came to be called von Baer's laws of embryology. Answer : (a)
Q.50
Chemical theory for origin of life was given by ... [ Manipur 2006]
0%
a) Stanley Miller
0%
b) Oparin and Haldane
0%
c) Spallanzani
0%
d) Louis Pasteur
Explanation
Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. The conditions on earth were – high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3, etc. Answer : (b)
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