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Evolution Mcq
Quiz 11
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Q.1
A population will not exist in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium if : …[AIPMT 2015]
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a) the population is large
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b) individuals mate selectively
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c) there are no mutations
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d) there is no migration
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.2
Which of the following structures is homologous to the wing of a bird ? …[AIPMT-2016]
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a) Dorsal fin of a Shark
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b) Wing of a Moth
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c) Hind limb of Rabbit
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d) Flipper of Whale
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.3
Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life :- …[AIPMT-2016] (a) The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and pres umably anaerobes. (b) The first autotrophic organisms were the chemoautotrophs that never released oxygen. Of the above statements which one of the following options is correct ?
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a) (a) is correct but (b) is false.
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b) (b) is correct but (a) is false.
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c) Both (a) and (b) are correct.
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d) Both (a) and (b) are false.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.4
Analogous structures are a result of :- …[AIPMT-2016]
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a) Divergent evolution
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b) Convergent evolution
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c) Shared ancestry
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d) Stabilizing selection
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.5
The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called …[NEET 2013]
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a) Natural selection
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b) Convergent evolution
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c) Non-random evolution
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d) Adaptive radiation
Explanation
Convergent evolution occurs in unrelated group of organisms. It is the development of similar functional structures but in unrelated groups. Answer:(b)
Q.6
The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by…[NEET 2013]
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a) Random mating
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b) Lack of migration
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c) Lack of mutations
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d) Lack of random mating
Explanation
According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation. Answer:(d)
Q.7
According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to …[NEET 2013]
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a) Intraspecific competition.
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b) Interspecific competition.
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c) Competition within closely related species.
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d) Reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of interfering species.
Explanation
According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to interspecific competition. Answer:(b)
Q.8
The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of …[NEET 2013]
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a) Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.
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b) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.
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c) Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.
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d) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.
Explanation
The eye of octopus and the eye of cat (mammal) are example of analogous organs because they differ in the position of retina. In the eye of mammal, retina is inverted in position. Answer:(c)
Q.9
Genetic drift operates in :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) Non-reproductive population
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b) Slow reproductive population
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c) Small isolated population
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d) Large isolated population
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.10
In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) pq
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b) q2
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c) p2
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d) 2pq
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.11
The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) Ramapithecu s→ Homo habilis → Australopithecus → Homo erectus
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b) Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus
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c) Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus
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d) Ramapithecus → Australopithecu s →Homo habilis → Homo erectus
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.12
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life ? …[NEET 2016] I. Formation of protobionts II. Synthesis of organic monomers III. Synthesis of organic polymers IV. Formation of DNA-based genetic systems
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a) II, III, I, IV
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b) II, III, IV, I
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c) I, II, III, IV
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d) I, III, II, IV
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.13
The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) MacArthur
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b) Verhulst and Pearl
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c) C. Darwin
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d) G.F. Gause
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.14
Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents ….[NEET- 2017]
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a) Stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population
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b) Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction
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c) Disruptive as it splits the population into two one yielding higher output and the other lower output
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d) Stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows
Explanation
Artificial selection to obtain cow yielding higher milk output will shift the peak to one direction, hence, will be an example of Directional selection. In stabilizing selection, the organisms with the mean value of the trait are selected. In disruptive selection, both extremes get selected. Answer:(b)
Q.15
The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are : [ ReAIPMT 2015]
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a) homologous structures and represent convergent evolution
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b) homologous structures and represent divergent evolution
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c) analogous structures and represent convergent evolution
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d) phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.16
Which were dominant during Mesozoic era?
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a) Pisces.
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b) Birds.
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c) Ruling mammals.
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d) Ruling reptiles.
Explanation
During the Mesozoic, or "Middle Life" era, life diversified rapidly and giant reptiles, dinosaurs and other monstrous beasts roamed the Earth. The period, which spans from about 252 million years ago to about 66 million years ago, was also known as the age of reptiles or the age of dinosaurs. Answer : (d)
Q.17
Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection was based on:
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a) Inheritance of acquired characters.
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b) Mutation.
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c) Enormous rate of reproduction in organisms, struggle for existence and survival of the fittest.
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d) Changes due to the use and disuse of organs.
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.18
Which of the following has proved helpful in preserving pollen as fossils ? [NEET 2018]
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a) Oil content
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b) Cellulosic intine
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c) Pollenkitt
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d) Sporopollenin
Explanation
In suitable conditions, the sporopollenin-rich walls of pollen grains and spores can persist in the fossil record for hundreds of millions of years, since sporopollenin is resistant to chemical degradation by organic and inorganic chemicals. Answer : (d)
Q.19
Some birds as seen by Darwin at Galapagos Island, later on called as Darwin’s finches are not example of: (
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a) Geographical isolation.
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b) Homologous organs.
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c) Artificial selection.
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d) Adaptive radiation.
Explanation
The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation. Darwin's finches have common ancestry, hence homologous. These sepcies have radiated only in Galpagoes island. this is called geographical isolation. Answer : (c)
Q.20
How many statements are incorrect? (i) In disruptive selection, more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve. (ii) Jawless fishes evolved around 320mya and seaweeds existed around 350mya. (iii) Ichthyosaurs evolved around 200mya. (iv) First cellular form of life evolved around 2bya. (v) North America joined South America and South American mammals dominated over North American mammals.
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a) One
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b) Two
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c) Three
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d) Four
Explanation
Disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. In this more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve. Statement 1 correct Jawless fishes evolved around 350 million years ago. and seaweeds and some plants probably existed around 320 million years ago. Statement 2 is not correct Ichthyosaurs thrived during much of the Mesozoic era; based on fossil evidence, they first appeared around 250 million years ago. Statement 3 is not correct The Great American Interchange was an important zoogeographic event about three million years ago. Land and freshwater fauna migrated between North America and South America.Statement 4 is correct. Answer : (b)
Q.21
Which of the following sets do not have homologous organs?
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a) Wings of mosquito and butterfly.
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b) Wings of butterfly and bird.
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c) Mouthparts of cockroach and butterfly.
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d) none of these
Explanation
Wings of butterfly and of birds look alike. They are not anatomically similar structures though they perform similar functions. Hence, analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity Answer : (b)
Q.22
Darwin in his “Natural selection theory” did not believe in any role of which of the following in organic evolution:
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a) Parasites and predators as natural enemies.
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b) Survival of the fittest.
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c) Struggle for existence.
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d) Discontinuous variations.
Explanation
Darwin is a slow, gradual and continous evolution. Darwin in his 'Natural Selection Theory did not believe in the role of discontinuous variation in natural selection. Darwin always believed in the universal occurrence of variation. Answer : (d)
Q.23
Which one of the following changes involved is irrelevant, in the evolution of man?
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a) Perfection of hand for tool making.
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b) Change of diet from hard nuts and hard roots to soft food.
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c) Loss of tail.
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d) Increase in the ability to communicate with others and develop community behaviour
Explanation
Loss of tail takes a great role in course of evolution. But as in ancient period, men still eat hard nuts and hard roots (though they often take soft food also). Thus change in diet is the most irrelevent change in the evolution of man. Answer : (b)
Q.24
Fossils are most commonly preserved in:
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a) Metamorphic rocks.
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b) Igneous rocks.
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c) Sedimentary rocks.
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d) Any type of rock.
Explanation
Almost all fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. Organisms that live in topographically low places (such as lakes or ocean basins) have the best chance of being preserved. Answer : (c)
Q.25
A potential danger to a population that has been greatly reduced in number is the:
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a) Loss of genetic variability.
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b) Tendency towards assertive mating.
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c) Reduced gene flow.
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d) none of above
Explanation
Genetic variability is either the presence of, or the generation of, genetic differences. It is defined as "the formation of individuals differing in genotype, or the presence of genotypically different individuals, in contrast to environmentally induced differences which, as a rule, cause only temporary, nonheritable changes of the phenotype". Reductions in population size and absence of gene flow can lead to reductions in genetic variability. Answer : (a)
Q.26
When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed as:
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a) Microevolution.
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b) Co – evolution.
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c) Convergent evolution.
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d) Adaptive radiation.
Explanation
Wings of butterfly and of birds look alike. They are not anatomically similar structures though they perform similar functions. Hence, analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity. Answer : (c)
Q.27
The theory of spontaneous generation stated that, the life:
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a) Arose from the living form only.
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b) Can arise from living and non – living form
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c) Can arise from non – living form.
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d) Arises spontaneously, neither from living nor from the non – living.
Explanation
For a long time it was also believed that life came out of decaying and rotting matter like straw, mud, etc. i.e., non-living. This was the theory of spontaneous generation. Answer : (c)
Q.28
Read the following features: (i) They were fruit eaters. (ii) Lived in North Asian grasslands. (iii) They walked upright. (iv) They hunted with stone weapons. (v) Probably they existed around 15mya. How many of the following are correct regarding Australopithecus?
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a) One
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b) Two.
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c) Three
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d) Four
Explanation
Two mya, Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands. Evidence shows they hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit. They were probably not taller than 4 feet but walked up right. Answer : (c)
Q.29
How many of the following given below are examples of homologous organs? (i) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita. (ii) Wings of bat and flippers of seal. (iii) Eyes of octopus and eyes of mammals. (iv) Flippers of penguin and flippers of dolphin. (v) Brain of fish and brain of frog.
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a) One
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b) Two
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c) Three
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d) Four
Explanation
Vertebrate hearts or brains, whales, bats, Cheetah and human (all mammals) share similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimbs. These are example of homologous organ. The thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita represent homology. Wings of butterfly and of birds, eye of the octopus and of mammals or the flippers of Penguins and Dolphins represents analogous organ. Answer : (c)
Q.30
First time bipedal locomotion was present in:
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a) Australopithecus.
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b) Homo habilis.
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c) Homo erectus.
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d) Dryopithecus
Explanation
Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs. Australopithecus: It is connecting link ape and man. It lived 2 to 5 million years ago. The characters of Australopithecus like man and ape are as below: (i) Erect posture, bipedal locomotion and dentition is like that of man. (ii) Teeth were larger than modern man. The absence of chin, eyebrow ridges projected over the eyes. Answer : (a)
Q.31
One of the following is not true regarding biological evolution. Identify the wrong one:
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a) Evolution through natural selection might have started when cellular forms with difference in metabolic capacity originated.
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b) Rate of appearance of new forms is linked to life span and life cycle of organisms.
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c) Speciation occurs due to the accumulation of acquired characters.
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d) Animals that are better adapted have more resource utilisation and they leave more number of progeny.
Explanation
Speciation can be driven by evolution, which is a process that results in the accumulation of many small genetic changes called mutations in a population over a long period of time. There are a number of different mechanisms that may drive speciation. Answer : (c)
Q.32
Which of the following could evolve by the time of 500mya?
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a) Jawless fishes.
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b) Invertebrates.
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c) Sea weeds.
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d) Lobefins.
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.33
Which of the following is not Australian marsupial?
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a) Spotted cuscus.
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b) Bobcat.
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c) Sugar glider.
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d) Koala.
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.34
Which of the following isotopes is most dangerous to Homo sapiens?
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a) Phosphorus-32.
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b) Strontium-90.
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c) Caesium-137.
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d) Iodine-131.
Explanation
The radioactive strontium – 90 is most dangerous because it gets fixed in bones and remains in bones leading to bone cancer. Answer : (b)
Q.35
Doubis in 1891 found the fossil of Java ape man. It is:
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a) Sinanthropuspekinensis.
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b) Homo erectus
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c) Homo rhodesiensis.
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d) Homo spisaens.
Explanation
Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e., Homo erectus about 1.5 mya. Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc. Homo erectus probably ate meat. The Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400cc lived in near east and central Asia between 1,00,000-40,000 years back. They used hides to protect their body and buried their dead. Answer : (b)
Q.36
Origin of Ginkgos and conifers took place at:
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a) Devonian period
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b) Triassic period.
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c) Cretaceous period.
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d) Permian period.
Explanation
Ginkgo is a genus of non-flowering seed plants. The scientific name is also used as the English name. The order to which it belongs, Ginkgoales, first appeared in the Permian, 270 million years ago, and is now the only living genus within the order. The range of conifers expanded during the Early Permian (Cisuralian) to lowlands due to increasing aridity. Answer : (d)
Q.37
Fossil discovered in 1891 in Java around 1.5mya with 900cc brain capacity and probably ate meat. These features are associated with:
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a) Homo erectus.
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b) Homo habilis
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c) Neanderthal man.
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d) Australopithecus.
Explanation
Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e., Homo erectus about 1.5 mya. Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc. Homo erectus probably ate meat. Answer : (a)
Q.38
Which of the following statement is wrong?
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a) The first mammals were shrews.
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b) The fauna of North America overrode the mammals of South America.
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c) Continental drift caused Australian mammals to survive because of lack of competition
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d) The fossils of first mammals are small sized.
Explanation
The first mammals were like shrews. Their fossils are small sized. When reptiles came down mammals took over this earth. There were in South America mammals resembling horse, hippopotamus, bear, rabbit, etc. Due to continental drift, when South America joined North America, these animals were overridden by North American fauna. Due to the same continental drift pouched mammals of Australia survived because of lack of competition from any other mammal. Answer : (a)
Q.39
Gnetales evolved from:
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a) Psilophyton
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b) Rhynia type plants.
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c) Tracheophyta ancestors.
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d) Chlorophyte ancestors
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.40
Which of the following is not on the same lineage?
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a) Herbaceous lycopods.
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b) Arborescentlycopods.
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c) Zosterophyllum.
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d) Sphenopsida.
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.41
Birds are glorified reptiles that have evolved along dinosaur line. Which group of living reptiles is most closely related to birds? (
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a) Pteranodon.
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b) Tautaras.
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c) Crocodiles.
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d) Turtles.
Explanation
Birds are feathered theropod dinosaurs and constitute the only known living dinosaurs. Birds are most closely related to are crocodilians (archosaurs). Answer : (c)
Q.42
Small groups of persons leave the population and find new settlement with changed characteristics. It is called:
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a) Bottleneck effect.
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b) Founder’s effect.
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c) Non – random mating.
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d) Parallelism.
Explanation
Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample of population that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is called founder effect. Answer : (b)
Q.43
Life cannot originate from inorganic materials at present because:
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a) High degree of environmental pollution.
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b) A very high amount of oxygen at the atmosphere.
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c) Very high atmospheric temperature.
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d) Absence of raw materials.
Explanation
Oxygen gas oxidizes the inorganic materials in our atmosphere and thus becomes an obstacle in the chemical origin of life. Answer : (b)
Q.44
Assertion: Theory of biogenesis explains that life arises from pre existing life. Reason: Louis Pasteur finally disapproved the theory of spontaneous generation of life.
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.45
The first organisms were:
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a) Chemoautotrophs
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b) Chemoheterotrophs.
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c) Autotrophs.
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d) Eukaryotes.
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.46
Which of the following statements are not correct? (i) Lion and leopard show convergent evolution. (ii) Cryptic camouflage is seen in Bistonbetularia. (iii) Natural selection is responsible for extinction of dinosaurs. (iv) Homo habilis and Homo erectus are closely related.
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a) (i) and (ii) are wrong.
0%
b) (ii) and (iii) are wrong.
0%
c) (i) and (iii) are wrong.
0%
d) (ii) and (iv) are wrong.
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.47
Which of the following is correct order of the evolutionary history of man?
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a) Pecking man → Homo sapiens → Neanderthal man → Cro-Magnon man.
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b) Pecking man → Handy man → Neanderthal man → Cro – Magnon man.
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c) Handy man → Pecking man → Neanderthal man → Cro – Magnon man.
0%
d) Pecking man → Neanderthal man → Homo sapiens → Heidelberg man.
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.48
Who disproved the theory of abiogenesis at first?
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a) Lamarck.
0%
b) Spallanzani.
0%
c) F. Redi.
0%
d) Pasteur.
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.49
Select the correct statement?
0%
a) Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.
0%
b) Natural selection and genetic variations are two main key points of Darwinian theory of evolution.
0%
c) Adaptive ability is always inherited.
0%
d) Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf are examples of homology.
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.50
In the case of peppered moth (Bistonbetularia) the black coloured form became dominant over the light coloured form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of:
0%
a) Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected.
0%
b) Appearance of the darker coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight.
0%
c) Protective mimicry.
0%
d) Inheritance of darker colour characters acquired due to the darker environment.
Explanation
Answer : (a)
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