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NEET Biology MCQ
Inheritance And Variation Mcq
Quiz 12
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Q.1
on Q151) Genotype is
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a) Genetic composition of many organisms.
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b) Genetic composition of plastids.
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c) Genetic composition of germ cells.
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d) Genetic composition of an individual.
Explanation
Genotype is sum total of heredity or genetic makeup of an individual. Genotype remains the same throughout the life of an individual. Answer:(d)
Q.2
on Q152) Which among the following statements are correct? (i) Strength of linkage is directly proportional to distance between the genes. (ii) Number of parental gamete is directly proportional to strength of linkage. (iii) Number of recombinant gamete is directly proportional to distance between genes. (iv) Reason for the occurrence of recombinants in the case of linkage is crossing over.
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a) (i) only.
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b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only.
0%
c) (iv) only.
0%
d) (ii) and (iii) only.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.3
on Q153) Frame shift mutation occurs when:
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a) Base is deleted.
0%
b) Base is deleted or added.
0%
c) Base is added.
0%
d) Anticodons are not present.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.4
on Q154) In a given DNA segment ATGACCAGGACCCCAACA, the first base gets mutated through silent substitution. The effect of this on coding by this DNA segment will result in
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a) Complete change in the type as well as sequence of amino acids.
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b) Change in the first amino acid only.
0%
c) No change in the sequence.
0%
d) One amino acid less in the protein.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.5
on Q155) Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes. (i) Genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule. (ii) A gene does not code for proteins. (iii) In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome. (iv) Each chromosome has only one gene.
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a) (i) and (ii).
0%
b) (i) and (iii).
0%
c) (i) and (iv).
0%
d) (ii) and (iv).
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.6
on Q156) Cri-du-chat syndrome in humans is caused by
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a) Trisomy of the 21st chromosome
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b) Loss of half of the short arm of chromosome 5
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c) Loss of half of the long arm of chromosome 5
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d) Fertilization of an XX egg by a normal Y-bearing sperm
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.7
on Q175) In a pea plants, green pod colour is dominant over yellow pods. 1000 seeds taken from a pea plant on germination produces 760 green pod and 240 yellow pod plants. The parental genotype and phenotype of the seed plant are
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a) Heterozygous and yellow
0%
b) heterozygous and green
0%
c) homozygous and yellow
0%
d) homozygous and green
Explanation
The ratio of green pod : yellow pod is almost 3 : 1. It is obtained when parents are heterozygous. Since no. of green pod is 3 times than no. of yellow pod, this implies that green pod is dominant. Gneotype of parents is heterozygous and phenotype is green pod. Answer:(b)
Q.8
on Q157) How many of the following are true regarding Haemophilia? (i) It is due to the mutation of R – allele of a gene. (ii) Heterozygous genotype in male will be a carrier. (iii) Disease will be expressed only in the homozygous condition of the respective gene. (iv) Disease is easily expressed in males. (v) Haemophilia is due to the absence of some proteins necessary for blood clotting.
0%
a) (iii), (iv) and (v) only.
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b) (i), (iii), (iv) and (v).
0%
c) (ii) only.
0%
d) (i), (iii) and (iv).
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.9
on Q158) Which among the following pairs correlating the genetical terms and proponents are wrongly matched?
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a) Genetics, alleles – William Bateson.
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b) Gene, Genotype – Johansson.
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c) Homozygous, heterozygous – T. H. Morgan.
0%
d) Mutation – Hugo de Vries.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.10
on Q159) In Morgan’s experiments on incomplete linkage, the percentage of recombinants in F2 generation is:
0%
a) 1.3.
0%
b) 37.2.
0%
c) 62.8.
0%
d) 73.2.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.11
on Q160) If fruit weight in a plant was measured and following categories were obtained- 25g; 30g; 35g; 40g; 45g; 50g; 55g.Then, how many genes are involved for controlling fruit weight?
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a) 2
0%
b) 3
0%
c) 5
0%
d) 7
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.12
on Q161) Some people experience PTC paper on tongue as bitter, others as tasteless. This character is hereditary in nature. Suppose T stands for dominant gene and t for recessive gene, the genetic makeup of a person who cannot taste is
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a) TT
0%
b) Tt
0%
c) tt
0%
d) None of these
Explanation
Taste is dominant and T is expressed in homozygous as well as in heterozygous allelic pair. Genetic makeup for tasteless will be homozygous pair with both recessive allele. Thus, genotype will be tt Answer:(c)
Q.13
on Q162) When two genes are situated very close to each other in a chromosome
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a) the percentage of crossing over between them is high
0%
b) hardly any cross-over detected
0%
c) no crossing-over can ever take place between them
0%
d) only double cross over can take place between them.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.14
on Q163) Round seed trait (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r) seed trait in Pea. Heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with wrinkled seed plant (rr). What is the possible progeny?
0%
a) 302 round: 102 wrinkled
0%
b) 210 round: 95 wrinkled
0%
c) 103 round: 99 wrinkled
0%
d) 103 round: 315 wrinkled
Explanation
Gametes
R
r
r
Rr (round)
rr (wrinkled)
r
Rr (round)
rr (wrinkled)
When heterozygous plant is crossed with recessive plant, both the trait is expressed in offsprings. The ratio of dominant trait : recessive trait is equal to 1 : 1. Rr× rr Answer:(c)
Q.15
on Q164) Identify the incorrect statement:
0%
a) Tall plant produces gametes by meiosis and the dwarf plant by mitosis
0%
b) Only one allele is transmitted to a gamete.
0%
c) This segregation of alleles is a random process.
0%
d) Gametes will always be pure for the trait.
Explanation
Law of Segregation is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F2 generation though one of these is not seen at the F1 stage. Though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. Of course, a homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal proportion. Answer:(a)
Q.16
on Q165) When the two genes in a dihybrid cross are situated on the same chromosome:
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a) The proportion of parental gene combinations was much higher than the non-parental type
0%
b) The proportion of parental gene combinations was much lesser than the non-parental type.
0%
c) The propagation of parental gene combinations was equal to the non-parental type
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d) Only recombinants are formed
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.17
on Q166) Two phenotypically normal individuals have an affected child. What can we conclude about the parents?
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a) they both carried the disease allele
0%
b) they are not the parents of the child
0%
c) they are affected
0%
d) no conclusions can be drawn
Explanation
Parent are normal individual with effected child. This means that parent are carrier of diseased allele. They have heterozygous diseased allele. When disease allele from the both the parents is present in child, the offspring is diseased. Answer:(a)
Q.18
on Q167) Thalassemia and sickle-cell anaemia are caused due to a problem in globin molecule synthesis. Select the correct statement.
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a) Both are due to a qualitative defect in globin chain synthesis
0%
b) Both are due to a quantitative defect globin chain synthesis
0%
c) Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin molecules
0%
d) Sickle-cells anaemia is due to a quantitative problem of globin molecules
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.19
on Q168) Match the terms in Column I with their description in Column II and choose the correct option.
Column I
Column II
A. Dominance
Many genes govern a single character
B. Co dominance
Ina heterozygous organism only one allele expresses itself
C. Pleiotropy
In a heterozygous organism both alleles express themselves fully
D. Polygenic inheritance
A single gene influences many characters
0%
a) A=2 B=3 C=4 D=1
0%
b) A=4 B=1 C=2 D=3
0%
c) A=4 B=3 C=1 D=2
0%
d) A=2 B=1 C=4 D=3
Explanation
Polygenic inheritance - inheritance, involves the transfer of a character by the involvement of a more than one gene. It produces multiple phenotypes The ability of a gene to have multiple phenotypic effect because it influences a number of characters simultaneously is known as pleiotropy. The gene having a multiple phenotypic effect because of its ability to control expression of a number of characters is called pleiotropic gene. Codominance: It is the phenomenon of two alleles lacking dominant recessive relationship and both expressing themselves in the organism. Dominance: It is phenomenon where only one allele trait, dominant trait is expressed in hybrid. Answer:(a)
Q.20
on Q169) Fruit colour in squash is an example of
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a) recessive epistasis
0%
b) dominant epistasis
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c) complementary genes
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d) inhibitory genes
Explanation
Characters
Expected ratios
Example
Monohybrid cross
Phenotypic = 3 : 1
Genotypic = 1 :2 : 1
Pisum sativum
Dihybrid cross
Phenotypic = 9:3:3:1
Pisum sativum
Incomplete dominance
1 : 2 : 1
Mirabilis jalapa
Complementary genes
9 : 7
Lathyrus odoratus
Supplementary genes
9 : 3 : 4
Coat colour of mice
Collaborative supplementary genes
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Poultry birds – comb pattern
Dominant epistasis
12 : 3 : 1
Fruit colour in
Curcurbita
Recessive epistasis
9 : 3 : 4
Coat colour in mice/pigmentation in onion bulb
Duplicate genes
15 : 1
Fruit shape in
Capsella bursapastoris
Polymeric gene
9 : 6 : 1
Cucurbita pepo
Suppresor gene
13:3
Leaf colour of rice
Answer:(b)
Q.21
on Q170) Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to dihybrid cross.
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a) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show higher recombination
0%
b) Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombination
0%
c) Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome show similar recombination as the tightly linked ones
0%
d) tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombination.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.22
on Q171) Inheritance of skin colour in humans is an example of:
0%
a) chromosomal aberration
0%
b) point mutation
0%
c) polygenic inheritance
0%
d) co dominance
Explanation
Skin colour, human height and eye colour show polygenic inheritance Answer:(c)
Q.23
on Q172) Cri-du-chat syndrome in humans is caused by the:
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a) fertilization of an XX egg by a normal Y-bearing sperm
0%
b) loss of half of the short arm of chromosome 5
0%
c) loss of half of the long arm of chromosome 5
0%
d) trisomy of 21st chromosome.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.24
on Q173) An inherited character and its detectable variant is termed as
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a) unit factor
0%
b) trait
0%
c) genetic profile
0%
d) genotypic character
Explanation
Character is a well - defined morphological or physiological feature of an organism. Trait is the distinguishing feature of a character. Genotypic character is the gene complement of an individual. Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors. Answer:(b)
Q.25
on Q174) If a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, the offspring’s will be
0%
a) half-white flowered
0%
b) half red-flowered
0%
c) all white-flowered
0%
d) all red-flowered
Explanation
Red- flowered plant is dominant over white flowered plant. When homozygous plant having dominant trait and homozygous recessive plant is crossed, the generation obtained is heterozygous plant expressing dominant trait. Thus all the offspring will be red flowered plant. Answer:(d)
Q.26
on Q178) A true-breeding plant line can be obtained by
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a) Cross pollination
0%
b) Self pollination
0%
c) Continuous Cross pollination
0%
d) Continuous Self pollination
Explanation
Pure line or true breeding line is a strain of individuals homozygous for all genes considered. It can be obtained by self fertilization. Example: Garden peas have predominantly self pollinating flowers. Because of self-fertilization, plants are homozygous. It is, therefore, easy to get pure lines for several generations. Answer:(d)
Q.27
on Q179) Which of the following genotype express gametes?
0%
a) TtRrAa
0%
b) TtRA
0%
c) ATRr
0%
d) NMLr
Explanation
Though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. Option (d) has only one allele of each trait. Answer:(d)
Q.28
on Q180) Lack of independent assortment of two genes A and B in fruit fly – Drosophila is due to:
0%
a) Repulsion.
0%
b) Recombination.
0%
c) Linkage.
0%
d) Crossing over.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.29
on Q181) Statement 1: In sickle cell anaemia the point mutation is called transversion. Statement 2: In this case, adenine is replaced by thymine.
0%
a) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true and statement - 2 is the correct explanation of statement - 1.
0%
b) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true but statement - 2 is not the correct explanation of statement - 1.
0%
c) Statement -1 is true and statement - 2 is false.
0%
d) Statement -1 is false and statement - 2 is true.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.30
on Q182) If a diploid cell is having the chromosome arrangement AABBCCDD, which among the change after mutation is not a type of aneuploidy?
0%
a) AABBBCCCDD.
0%
b) AAABBCDD.
0%
c) AAABBBCCCDDD.
0%
d) AABCDD.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.31
on Q183) Which of the following is a monohybrid?
0%
a) TT
0%
b) tt
0%
c) Tt
0%
d) None
Explanation
Monohybrid is heterozygous allelic pair concerning one trait. Tt is heterozygous whereas TT and tt are homozygous. Answer:(c)
Q.32
on Q184) Co-dominance refers to the condition where F1
0%
a) resembles the dominant parent
0%
b) is in-between the parents
0%
c) resembled the recessive parents
0%
d) resembles both the parents
Explanation
Codominance: It is the phenomenon of two alleles lacking dominant recessive relationship and both expressing themselves in the organism. Answer:(d)
Q.33
on Q185) Disorder caused by the trisomy of chromosome number 21
0%
a) Klinefelter’s syndrome
0%
b) Turner’s syndrome
0%
c) Down’s syndrome
0%
d) Phenylketonuria
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.34
on Q186) Find correct match
Column I
Column II
i. Down’s syndrome
a. Broad palm with characteristic palm crease
ii. Klinefelter’s syndrome
b. Gynaecomastia
iii. Turner’s syndrome
c. rudimentary ovaries
- - - -
d. XO
- - - -
e. XXY
- - - -
f. physical development is retarded.
0%
a) i-c, d; ii-b, e, f; iii-a
0%
b) i-e, c; ii-b, f; iii-a, d
0%
c) i-a; ii-b, e, f; iii-c, d
0%
d) i-a, c; ii-d, e; iii-b, d
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.35
on Q187) In guinea pigs, black coat colour is a dominant trait and white is a recessive trait. When heterozygous black pigs are intercrossed the chance of the first two offspring being black is:
0%
a) 75 %
0%
b) 56 %
0%
c) 44 %
0%
d) 6 %
Explanation
Gametes
B
b
B
BB (black)
Bb (black)
b
Bb (black)
bb (white)
Genotype of heterozygous black pigs is Bb. When crossed, Offspring produced are as well follows Bb (black) × Bb (black) Answer:(b)
Q.36
on Q188) In peas, a tall, yellow-seeded plant is crossed with a homozygous short, green-seeded plant. The numbers of progeny are: 203 [tall, green-seeded plants], 199 [short, green-seeded plants], 207 [tall, yellow-seeded plants] and 192 [short, yellow-seeded plants]. The most likely genotype of the tall, yellow-seeded parent is:
0%
a) TtYy
0%
b) TTYY
0%
c) ttYY
0%
d) ttyy
Explanation
The ratio of tall,green : short,green : tall,yellow : short,yellow is almost 1 : 1 : 1 : 1. This ratio is obtained when heterozygous allelic pair is crossed with recessive homozygous pair. This implies that genotype is Tall, yellow seeded plant is heterozygous TtYy and genotype of homozygous short, green seeded plant is ttyy. Answer:(a)
Q.37
on Q189) Which of the following statement is correct with respect to human sex determination?
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a) The genetic makeup of egg determines the sex of child.
0%
b) Female produces two types of ovum’s and males produce only one type of sperm.
0%
c) Each pregnancy has more probability of male child than of female.
0%
d) Out of 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 are same both in males and females.
Explanation
Out of 23 pairs of chromosomes present, 22 pairs are exactly same in both males and females; these are the autosomes. A pair of X-chromosomes are present in the female, whereas the presence of an X and Y chromosome are determinant of the male characteristic. Answer:(d)
Q.38
on Q190) Which of the following disorder is associated with Queen Victoria?
0%
a) Sickle cell anaemia
0%
b) Haemophilia
0%
c) Huntington's Disease
0%
d) Myotonic dystrophy
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.39
on Q191) Sex determination in Honey bee depends upon-
0%
a) Number of sets of chromosomes present in parents
0%
b) Number of sets of chromosomes present in progenies
0%
c) Number of sets of genes present in progenies
0%
d) Number of sets of genes present in progenies
Explanation
The sex determination in honey bee is based on the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. An offspring formed from the union of a sperm and an egg develops as a female (queen or worker), and an unfertilised egg develops as a male (drone) by means of parthenogenesis. This means that the males have half the number of chromosomes than that of a female. The females are diploid having 32 chromosomes and males are haploid, i.e., having 16 chromosomes. Answer:(b)
Q.40
on Q192) If two parents with AaBBccdd and aaBbccdd were crossed. What is the probability of getting following genotypes? AABB and aabb
0%
a) 9:3:3:1
0%
b) 1:1
0%
c) Only single type of progenies
0%
d) 1:3
Explanation
Gametes
ABcd
aBcd
aBcd
AaBBccdd
aaBBccdd
abcd
AaBbccdd
aaBbccdd
AaBBccdd × aaBbccdd Answer:(c)
Q.41
on Q193) The genes which are involved in alpha Thalassemia are---- and ----- while in beta Thalassemia are----.
0%
a) HBA1, HBB, HBA2
0%
b) HBB1 HBB2 HBA
0%
c) HBB1 HBA HBB2
0%
d) HBA1 HBA2 HBB
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.42
on Q194) Read the following statement and choose the correct option: (i) In Phenylketonuria the affected person does not secrete an enzyme to convert tyrosine to phenyl alanine. (ii) The possibility of a female becoming haemophilic is possible. (iii) Sickle cell anaemia is caused by the substitution of glutamic acid by valine at the fifth position of β – chain of haemoglobin molecule. (iv) Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant trait.
0%
a) (i) and (ii) are wrong .
0%
b) (ii) and (iii) are wrong.
0%
c) (iii) are wrong.
0%
d) (i) and (iii) are wrong.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.43
on Q195) Which among the following years of importance in genetics is wrongly matched?
0%
a) Beginning of experiment by Mendel – 1856.
0%
b) Re – discovery of Mendel’s work – 1900.
0%
c) Publishment of Mendel’s work – 1884.
0%
d) Chromosome theory of inheritance – 1902.
Explanation
From 1856 to 1865, Mendel conducted breeding experiments on garden peas (Pisum sativum) in the garden of his monastery. Mendel’s work was rediscovered in 1900 by three workers independently. They were Hugo de Vries of Holland, Carl Correns of Germany and Erich von Tschermak of Austria. Mendel published his work “Experiments on plant hybiridsation” in 4th volume of “Annual proceedings of natural history society of Brunn” in 1866. The chromosome theory of inheritance is credited to papers by Walter Sutton in 1902 and 1903, as well as to independent work by Theodor Boveri during roughly the same period. Answer:(c)
Q.44
on Q196) The dominant alleles A and B each add 2 g weight to a basal weight (in homozygous recessive condition) of 6g of fruits of a certain plant. If two plants, each with fruits weighing 8g and having heterozygous condition for one gene each are crossed, what phenotypic ratio is expected among the offspring?
0%
a) 25% with 10g: 50% with 8g: 25% 6g fruit
0%
b) 50% with 10g: 50% with 6g fruits
0%
c) 25% with 12g: 25% with 10g: 25% with 8g: 25% with 6g fruits
0%
d) 12.55 with 14g: 25% with 12g: 25% with 10g: 25% with 8g: 12.5% with 6g fruits
Explanation
Gametes
Ab
ab
aB
AaBb (10g)
aaBb (8g)
ab
Aabb (8g)
aabb (6g)
Homozygous recessive plant (aabb) = 6 g Heterozygous condition for one gene (Aabb) or (aaBb) = 8g A adds 2g and B adds 2g Aabb × aaBb 10g : 8g : 6g = 1 : 2 : 1 10g = 25%, 8g = 50%, 6g = 25% Answer:(a)
Q.45
on Q197) Which one of the followings is not correct for Huntington disease ________?
0%
a) Caused by dominant allele.
0%
b) Marked by progressive nerve degeneration.
0%
c) Cause tumours and affects liver as well.
0%
d) Affects the brain leading to mental disability and death.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.46
on Q198) Edward's syndrome, Patau's syndrome and Down's syndrome are due to
0%
a) Mutation due to malnutrition.
0%
b) Change in sex chromosomes.
0%
c) Change in both sex chromosomes and autosomes.
0%
d) Change in autosomes.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.47
on Q200) Which Mendelian cross can produce two genotypes and two phenotypes?
0%
a) Monohybrid cross.
0%
b) Monohybrid test cross.
0%
c) Incomplete dominance.
0%
d) Co dominance.
Explanation
Gametes
T
t
t
Tt (tall)
tt (dwarf)
t
Tt (tall)
tt (dwarf)
Crossing of F1 individual having dominant phenotype with its homozygous recessive parents is called test cross. The test cross is used to determine whether the individuals exhibiting dominant characters are homozygous or heterozygous. Tt × tt Tall : dwarf = 1 : 1 Tt : tt = 1 : 1 Answer:(b)
Q.48
on Q201) Which of the following is not a recessive trait considered by Mendel?
0%
a) Yellow pod.
0%
b) Wrinkled seed shape.
0%
c) White flower colour.
0%
d) Axial flower.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.49
on Q202) Assertion: Mendelian disorders are because of gene mutation and problematic genes are always present on sex chromosomes. Reason: Haemophilia, Sickle – cell anaemia and Phenylketonuria are Mendelian disorders which are due to the mutation of dominant alleles of genes.
0%
a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
0%
b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
0%
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
0%
d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.50
on Q203) Genotype - Phenotype concept was first produced by
0%
a) Bateson
0%
b) Johannsen
0%
c) Sutton & Boveri
0%
d) Punnet
Explanation
Wilhelm Johannsen first proposed the distinction between genotype and phenotype in the study of heredity while working in Denmark in 1909 Phenotype is external feature of organism whereas genotype is sum total of heredity or genetic makeup. Answer:(b)
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