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Inheritance And Variation Mcq
Quiz 14
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Q.1
on Q254) Which one of the following conditions correctly describes the manner of determining the sex?
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a) Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine female sex in birds
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b) XO type of sex chromosomes determine male sex in grasshopper
0%
c) XO condition in humans as found in Turner's syndrome, determines female sex
0%
d) Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX) produce male in Drosophila
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.2
on Q255) Dihybrid cross proves the law of AIPMT - 1992
0%
a) segregation
0%
b) Purity of gametes
0%
c) Dominance
0%
d) Independent assortment
Explanation
Monohybrid cross helped in formulation of law of segregation and law of dominance. Dihybrid cross proved law of independent assortment. Answer:(a)
Q.3
on Q256) Exhibition of superiority by a hybrid over both of its parents is called
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a) heterosis
0%
b) hybridization
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c) hypostasis
0%
d) dominance
Explanation
Hybrid vigour or heterosis is the superiority of hybrid over either of its parents in one or more traits. Dominance is the phenomenon where one of the factor of allele pair expresses itself whether in homozygous state or heterozygous state. A hypostatic gene is one whose phenotype is altered by the expression of an allele at a separate locus, in an epistasis event Answer:(a)
Q.4
on Q257) Down's syndrome is an example of
0%
a) monosomy
0%
b) trisomy
0%
c) triploidy
0%
d) polyploidy
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.5
on Q258) The crossing of a homozygous tall plant with a dwarf would yield plants in the ratio of
0%
a) all heterozygous tall
0%
b) two tall and two dwarf
0%
c) one homozygous tall, two heterozygous tall and one homozygous dwarf
0%
d) all homozygous dwarf.
Explanation
Homozygous tall plant when crossed with dwarf plant will yield offspring with heterozygous plant expressing dominant trait. All offsprings will be heterozygous tall Answer:(c)
Q.6
on Q259) The law of Segregation is based on the fact that
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a) The Alleles do not show any blending
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b) There is random fertilization
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c) Gametes are pure for the trait
0%
d) The zygotes are diploid
Explanation
Law of segregation is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F2 generation though one of these is not seen at the F1 stage. Though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. Of course, a homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal proportion. Answer:(a)
Q.7
on Q260) Suppose a gene has seven alleles. What would be the number of alleles in an individual at any instant?
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a) 1
0%
b) 7
0%
c) 2
0%
d) 3
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.8
on Q261) Identify the incorrect statement:
0%
a) In addition to recombination, mutation is another phenomenon that leads to variation in DNA.
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b) Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
0%
c) A classical example of a point mutation is sickle cell anaemia.
0%
d) Non ionising radiations cannot be mutations.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.9
on Q262) One of the Mendel's pure strains of pea plants had green peas. How many different types of eggs could such a plant produce with regard to pea colour?
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a) 1
0%
b) 2
0%
c) 4
0%
d) 8
Explanation
Since pea plant having green peas is pure breed, its genotype is homozygous. Thus, it will produce only 1 kind of gametes. Answer:(a)
Q.10
on Q263) The mechanism that causes a gene to move from one linkage group to another is called
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a)inversion
0%
b) duplication
0%
c) translocation
0%
d) crossing-over
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.11
on Q264) If both parents are carriers for Thalassemia, which is an autosomal recessive disorder, what are the chances of pregnancy resulting in an affected child?
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a) No chance
0%
b) 50%
0%
c) 25%
0%
d) 100%
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.12
on Q326) What kind of chromosomal aberrations is seen in the given diagram?
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a) Deletion
0%
b) Duplication
0%
c) inversion
0%
d) Translocation
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.13
on Q265) Which one of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Mendel's Law of Dominance?
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a) The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called a factor
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b) Out of one pair of factors one is dominant, and the other is recessive
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c) Alleles do not show any blending and both the characters recover as such in F2 generation.
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d) Factors occur in pairs
Explanation
Law of Dominance (i) Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors. (ii) Factors occur in pairs. (iii) In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates (dominant) the other (recessive). This law is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F2 generation though one of these is not seen at the F1 stage. Answer:(c)
Q.14
on Q266) Which one of the following condition in human is correctly matched with its chromosomal abnormality/linkage?
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a) Klinefelter's syndrome—44 autosomal + XXY
0%
b) Colour-blindness —Y-linked
0%
c) Erythroblastosis foetalis— X-linked
0%
d) Down syndrome—44 autosomal + XO
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.15
on Q267) In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green. If heterozygous yellow seeded plant is crossed with a green seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and green plants would you expect in F1 generation?
0%
a) 50: 50
0%
b) 9: 1
0%
c) 1: 3
0%
d) 3: 1
Explanation
Gametes
Y
y
y
Yy (yellow seed)
yy (green seed)
When heterozygous yellow seeded plant (Yy) is crossed with recessive green seeded plant (yy), 50% green seeded and 50% yellow seeded plant is produced. Yy (yellow seed ) × yy (green seed ) Answer:(a)
Q.16
on Q268) A pure tall red plant is crossed with a pure dwarf white plant. The progenies thus produced in F1 generations are selfed. The different types of gametes that will be produced in F2 generation will be
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a) 2
0%
b) 4
0%
c) 8
0%
d) 16
Explanation
No. of traits (n)
Experiment
Types of gametes (2
n
)
No. of offsprings (gametes)
2
No. of phenotype (2
n
)
No. of genotype (3
n
)
Phenotypic ratio
Genotypic ratio
1
Monohybrid cross
2
4
2
3
3:1
1:2:1
This example involves cross of one trait i.e., monohybrid cross. Answer:(a)
Q.17
on Q269) Given below is a pedigree chart of a family with five children. It shows the inheritance of attached ear-lobes as opposed to the free ones. The squares represent the male individuals and circles the females’ individuals. Which one of the following conclusions drawn is correct?
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a) The parents are homozygous recessive.
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b) The trait is Y-linked.
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c) The parents are homozygous dominant.
0%
d) The parents are heterozygous.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.18
on Q270) Which of the following is correct?
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a) Henking discovered the small Y-chromosome.
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b) Drosophila also shows XX-XY sex determination like human.
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c) Birds have ZZ-ZW sex determination, where females are ZZ and males are ZW.
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d) Grasshoppers show XX-XY sex determination.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.19
on Q271) Which one of the following best describe polygenic inheritance?
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a) ABO blood group in human and flower colour of Mirabilis jalapa
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b) Hair pigment of mouse and tongue rolling in humans
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c) Human eye colour and sickle-cell anaemia
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d) Human height and colour of skin and eyes
Explanation
Skin colour, human height and eye colour show polygenic inheritance Answer:(d)
Q.20
on Q272) “Filial 1 progeny” refers to
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a) First pure breed
0%
b) First offspring
0%
c) First hybrid generation
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d) Second hybrid generation
Explanation
Filial 1 progeny means 1st set of offspring derived from crossing of two parents from pure breeding expressing contrasting character. F1 generation is the first hybrid generation. Answer:(c)
Q.21
on Q273) What will be the genotype of parental plants if they produced 25 AA: 48 Aa: 26 aa
0%
a) AA and AA
0%
b) AA and aa
0%
c) Aa and Aa
0%
d) aa and aa
Explanation
Gametes
A
a
A
AA
Aa
a
Aa
aa
The ratio of AA : Aa : aa is almost 1 : 2 : 1. This ratio is obtained when Both the parents are herterozygous. Aa × Aa Genotype of parents will be Aa and Aa. Answer:(c)
Q.22
on Q274) Percentage of monohybrids produced in dihybrid in F2:
0%
a) 12.5.
0%
b) 25.
0%
c) 50.
0%
d) 75.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.23
on Q275) Genotypic and phenotypic ratios of monohybrid cross are
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a) 3:1 and 1:2:1
0%
b) 1:2:1 and 3:1
0%
c) 1:2:1 and 1:2:1
0%
d) 3:1 and 3:1
Explanation
No. of traits (n)
Experiment
Types of gametes (2
n
)
No. of offsprings (gametes)
2
No. of phenotype (2
n
)
No. of genotype (3
n
)
Phenotypic ratio
Genotypic ratio
1
Monohybrid cross
2
4
2
3
3:1
1:2:1
Answer:(b)
Q.24
on Q276) A pure tall pea plant was reared in a soil poor in nutrition and reached the size of a pure dwarf pea plant. If the plant is selfed, the genotype in the F1 generation is most likely to be
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a) all tall
0%
b) 50% tall and 50% dwarf
0%
c) all dwarf
0%
d) data insufficient
Explanation
A pure pea plant reached the size of pure dwarf pea plant. This does not change the genotype of pea plant. If the genotype is TT and when self-pollinated, all the progeny will be tall. If the genotype is Tt and when self-pollinated, 75% of progeny will be tall and 25% will be dwarf. Answer:(d)
Q.25
on Q277) The condition in which only one allele of a pair is present is known as
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a) Homozygous
0%
b) Heterozygous
0%
c) Hemizygous
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d) Incomplete dominance
Explanation
Homozygous is the genetic makeup of two similar genes or alleles for a particular character. Example TT or tt. Heterozygous is genetic makeup containing two different alleles for an individual containing dominant and recessive gene of an allele pair. Example Tt. Hemizygous is a gene in which it has no allelic counterpart or is present as only a single copy instead of the usual two copies in a diploid cell or organism. Incomplete dominance is the phenomenon where there is no dominant-recessive relationship and the hybrid has intermediate character. Example cross between red flower and white flower of Mirabilis jalapa produces pink flower. Answer:(c)
Q.26
on Q278) “When two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair of characters". This is the statement of:
0%
a) Law of Dominance
0%
b) law of segregation
0%
c) Law of Independent Assortment
0%
d) Law of Linkage
Explanation
The law of independent assortment states that ‘when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair of characters’. Answer:(c)
Q.27
on Q279) The trait shown in the given pedigree chart is most likely a/an:
0%
a) Autosomal recessive trait
0%
b) Autosomal dominant trait
0%
c) Sex linked recessive trait
0%
d) Sex linked dominant trait
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.28
on 280) Pick out the correct statements. I. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease II. Down's syndrome is due to aneuploidy. III. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene disorder IV. Sickle cell anaemia is an x - linked recessive gene disorder
0%
a) II and IV are correct
0%
b) I, III and IV are correct
0%
c) I, II and III are correct
0%
d) I and IV are correct
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.29
on Q281) Select the incorrect statement from the following
0%
a) linkage is an exception to the principle of independent assortment in heredity
0%
b) galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism
0%
c) small population size results in random genetic drift in a population
0%
d) baldness is a sex limited trait
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.30
on Q282) Which of the following is not an autosomal genetic disorder?
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a) Sickle-cell anaemia
0%
b) Cystic fibrosis
0%
c) Haemophilia
0%
d) Huntington's disease
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.31
on Q283) The "cri-du-chat" syndrome is caused by change in chromosome structure involving
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a) deletion
0%
b) duplication
0%
c) inversion
0%
d) translocation
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.32
on Q284) How many genome types are present in a typical green plants cell?
0%
a) More than Five
0%
b) More than Ten
0%
c) Two
0%
d) Three
Explanation
Genome is a complete set of chromosomes where every gene chromosomes is represented singly as in a gamete. Green plant cell are diploid, thus there will be 2 genome type. Answer:(c)
Q.33
on Q285) If 'A' represents the dominant gene and 'a' represents its recessive allele, which of the following would be the most likely result in the first generation offspring when Aa is crossed with aa?
0%
a) All will exhibit dominant phenotype.
0%
b) All will exhibit recessive phenotype.
0%
c) Dominant and recessive phenotypes will be 50% each.
0%
d) Dominant phenotype will be 75%
Explanation
Gametes
A
a
a
Aa
aa
Aa × aa Aa (dominant) : aa (recessive) = 1 : 1 Answer:(c)
Q.34
on Q327) Assertion (A) - There is parallelism between the behavior of chromosome and Mendelian factors. Reason (R) - Genes are located on chromosomes
0%
a) If both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
0%
b) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
0%
c) If (A) is true but (R) is false
0%
d) If both (A) and (R) are false.
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.35
on Q286) Genotypic and phenotypic ratios 1: 2: 1 in the offspring’s explain the principle of
0%
a) dominance
0%
b) blending inheritance
0%
c) recessiveness
0%
d) All of the above
Explanation
Incomplete dominance is the phenomenon where there is no dominant-recessive relationship and intermediate character is found. The is example of blending inheritance. The genotypic and phenotypic ratio is same 1 : 2 : 1 Answer:(b)
Q.36
on Q287) How many true breeding pea plant varieties had been selected by Mendel?
0%
a) 1
0%
b) 7
0%
c) 14
0%
d) 16
Explanation
Mendel studied with 7 varieties of pea plant. Each variety had 2 type of contrasting charcters. Number of pure plants = 7 × 2 =14 Answer:(c)
Q.37
on Q288) Among the given pea plant traits identify the odd one
0%
a) Violet flower
0%
b) Yellow seed
0%
c) Yellow pod
0%
d) Axial flower position
Explanation
Traits
Dominant
Recessive
Plant height
Tall (1.2 – 2.0m)(T)
Dwarf (0.25 – 0.5m) (t)
Flower position
Axillary (A)
Terminal (a)
Pod colour
Green (G) or (Y)
Yellow (g) or (y)
Pod shape
Full or inflated (I) or (C)
Constricted (i) or (c)
Flower colour
Violet (V) or (W)
White (v) or (w)
Seed shape
Round (R) or (W)
Wrinkled (r) or (w)
Seed colour
Yellow (Y) or (G)
Green (y) or (g)
All the option except yellow pod are dominant trait. Answer:(c)
Q.38
on Q289) Gregor Mendel is known for ... ....
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a) Species concept
0%
b) Hybridisation experiments
0%
c) Discovery of chromosomes
0%
d) Experiments on maize plant
Explanation
Gregor Mendel, conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856-1863) and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms. Answer:(b)
Q.39
on Q290) In the binomial expression of Mendelian monohybrid genotypic ratio, 2ab denotes:
0%
a) (1/4)TT.
0%
b) (1/4)tt.
0%
c) (1/2)Tt.
0%
d) None of these.
Explanation
Monohybrid genotypic ratio:- 1 : 2 : 1 similar to (a+b)2. 2ab denotes heterozygous Tt. Answer:(c)
Q.40
on Q291) Match the terms in column I with their description in column II and choose the correct option:
Column I
Column II
a. Dominance
Many genes govern a single character
b. Co – dominance
In a heterozygous organism only one allele get expressed
c. Pleiotropy
In a heterozygous organism both alleles express themselves fully
d. Polygenic inheritance
A single gene influences many characters.
0%
a) a=2; b=3; c=4; d=1
0%
b) a=4; b=1; c=2; d=3
0%
c) a=4; b=3; c=1; d=2
0%
d) a=2; b=1; c=4; d=3
Explanation
Polygenic inheritance - inheritance, involves the transfer of a character by the involvement of a more than one gene. It produces multiple phenotypes The ability of a gene to have multiple phenotypic effect because it influences a number of characters simultaneously is known as pleiotropy. The gene having a multiple phenotypic effect because of its ability to control expression of a number of characters is called pleiotropic gene. Codominance: It is the phenomenon of two alleles lacking dominant recessive relationship and both expressing themselves in the organism. Dominance: It is phenomenon where only one allele trait, dominant trait is expressed in hybrid Answer:(a)
Q.41
on Q292) Technique(s) used by Mendel for his hybridisation experiments
0%
a) Emasculation
0%
b) Bagging
0%
c) Artificial hybridisation
0%
d) All of the above
Explanation
Mendel crossed two pea plants with alternate characters by artificial pollination. Artificial hybridization is the process in which only desired pollen grains are used for pollination and fertilization. This process was done using emasulation and bagging technique. Because garden pea is self-fertilizing, the anthers need to be removed before maturity. The process of removal of anther is called emasculation. The stigma is protected against any pollen by covering it with a bag. This technique is called bagging. Answer:(d)
Q.42
on Q293) Incomplete dominance is present in
0%
a) Snapdragon flower
0%
b) Dog flower
0%
c) Antirrhinum flower
0%
d) All of the above
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.43
on Q294) ABO blood groups are controlled by which gene
0%
a) a
0%
b) i
0%
c) b
0%
d) All of the above
Explanation
ABO blood groups are controlled by the gene I. The plasma membrane of the red blood cells has sugar polymers that protrude from its surface and the kind of sugar is controlled by the gene. The gene (I) has three alleles IA , IB and i. The alleles IA and IA produce a slightly different form of the sugar while allele i does not produce any sugar Answer:(b)
Q.44
on Q295) Pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to segregation of a pair of factors they carried. This conclusion was drawn by
0%
a) Walter Sutton
0%
b) Theodore Bovary
0%
c) both (1) and (2)
0%
d) Thomas Hunt Morgan
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.45
on Q296) Given the parents AABBCc × AabbCc, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent?
0%
a) 1/4
0%
b) 1/8
0%
c) 3/4
0%
d) 3/8
Explanation
Gametes
AbC
abC
Abc
abc
ABC
AABbCC
AaBbCC
AABbCc
AaBbCc
ABc
AABbCc
AaBbCc
AABbcc
AaBbcc
AABBCc × AabbCc → Progeny expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent = 6/8 = 3/4 Answer:(c)
Q.46
on Q297) The initial studies for sex determination were done over
0%
a) Plants
0%
b) Insects
0%
c) Humans
0%
d) Hen
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.47
on Q298) Pedigree analysis is not utilized to trace
0%
a) Specific trait
0%
b) Sex ratio
0%
c) Disease
0%
d) Abnormality
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.48
on Q299) Elongated sickle like structure of RBC is produced by
0%
a) Platelets deposition on the outer surface of RBC
0%
b) Reduced surface tension
0%
c) Polymerisation of mutant haemoglobin under high oxygen tension.
0%
d) Polymerisation of mutant haemoglobin under low oxygen tension.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.49
on Q300) In case of Pea plant, grey seed colour (G) is dominant to white (g). If the progenies are formed in the following phenotypic ratio, find the genotypes of parents. Grey was crossed with white, 82 grey and 0 white were formed. The genotype of the grey parent will be
0%
a) Gg
0%
b) GG
0%
c) gg
0%
d) gG
Explanation
Grey seed pea plant is crossed with white seed pea plant. The offsprings produced are all grey seed pea plant. It means the parents are true breed line i.e., homozygous. Then genotype of grey parent is GG. Answer:(b)
Q.50
on Q301) In a test cross of F1 generation, having a genotype AaBb, following progeny were obtained AaBb- 450 aabb – 450 Aabb- 50 aaBb- 50 How far in centimorgans are the a and b genes?
0%
a) 100
0%
b) 90
0%
c) 10
0%
d) 1
Explanation
Answer:(c)
0 h : 0 m : 1 s
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