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NEET Biology MCQ
Quiz 2
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Q.1
In the Gastrointestinal tract, Meissner's plexus and the Auerbach's plexus occur respectively in the
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submucosa and muscularis externa
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submucosa and mucosa
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mucosa and muscularis externa
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lamina propria and muscularis mucosa
Explanation
Meissner's (submucosal) plexus sits in the submucosa layer of the gut wall, while Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus sits within the muscularis externa, between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers.
Q.2
A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates
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posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
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adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
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juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
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heart to release atrial natriuretic factor
Explanation
A drop in glomerular filtration rate signals reduced blood flow/pressure to the kidney, which triggers the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin — the first step of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that works to restore blood pressure.
Q.3
Cardiac activity could be moderated by the autonomous neural system. Which of the following statements is correct
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The sympathetic system stimulates heart rate and stroke volume
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The sympathetic system decreases the heart rate but increases stroke volume
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The parasympathetic system stimulates heart rate and stroke volume
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The parasympathetic system decreases the heart rate but increases stroke volume
Explanation
Parasympathetic stimulation (via the vagus nerve) slows the heart rate. With a slower rate, the ventricles have more time to fill with blood between beats (via the Frank-Starling mechanism), which can increase the stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected per beat) even as the overall rate decreases.
Q.4
Which one of the following is a skull bone
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Atlas
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Arytaenoid
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Coracoid
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Pterygoid
Explanation
The pterygoid is part of the skull (associated with the sphenoid bone). (The atlas is the first cervical vertebra, the arytenoid is a laryngeal cartilage, and the coracoid is part of the pectoral girdle — none of these are skull bones.)
Q.5
Which one of the following statements is true
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head of humerus bone articulates with the cavity called acetabulum of pelvic girdle
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head of humerus bone articulates with fluoride cavity of pelvic girdle
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head of humerus bone articulates with glenoid cavity of pectoral girdle
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head of humerus bone articulates with acetabulum of pectoral girdle
Explanation
The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, which is part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle — this is the shoulder joint. (The acetabulum, by contrast, is where the femur articulates with the pelvic girdle, at the hip.)
Q.6
Which of the following excretory organ is correctly matched with the organism in which it is found
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Malpighian tubule - Annelids
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Nephridia - Crustaceans
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Antennal gland or green gland - Insects
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Flame cells - Platyhelminthes
Explanation
Flame cells (protonephridia) are the excretory structures found in Platyhelminthes (flatworms). (Malpighian tubules are actually found in insects, nephridia in annelids, and antennal/green glands in crustaceans — the other three pairings given here have their organism-organ matches swapped.)
Q.7
The binding of oxygen with haemoglobin tends to displace carbon dioxide from the blood. This phenomenon is known as
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Bohr effect
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oxygen dissociation curve
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Haldane effect
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Hamburger's phenomenon
Explanation
The phenomenon where oxygen binding to haemoglobin promotes the release of carbon dioxide from the blood is called the Haldane effect (distinct from the Bohr effect, which describes how CO₂/pH affects oxygen binding).
Q.8
Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation
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Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
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When someone drinks lots of water, ADH release is suppressed
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During summer when body loses lots of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed
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An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II
Explanation
Drinking a lot of water dilutes the blood, reducing its osmotic concentration — which suppresses ADH release, allowing the kidneys to excrete more dilute urine and restore normal blood osmolarity.
Q.9
For some reason our Goblet cells are nonfunctional then which of the following will be adversely affected
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production of somatostatin
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secretion of duocrinin
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smooth movement of food down the intestine
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production of secretin
Explanation
Goblet cells secrete mucus that lubricates the intestinal lining, which is essential for the smooth passage of food/chyme along the gut. Without functioning goblet cells, this smooth movement of food would be the first thing to suffer (they aren't involved in producing hormones like somatostatin, duocrinin, or secretin).
Q.10
Which of the following structures are directly involved in the "pulmonary circuit"
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Left ventricle, aorta and inferior Vena cava
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Right ventricle, pulmonary arteries and left atrium
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Right atrium, aorta and left ventricle
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Superior Vena cava, right atrium and left ventricle
Explanation
The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for gas exchange, and returns oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
Q.11
Axis vertebra is identified by
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Sigmoid notch
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Centrum
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Deltoid ridge
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Odontoid process
Explanation
The axis (the second cervical vertebra, C2) is identified by its distinctive odontoid process (dens) — a peg-like projection that the atlas (C1) rotates around, enabling side-to-side head rotation.
Q.12
Muscle fatigue is due to
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Na
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citric acid
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K
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lactic acid
Explanation
Muscle fatigue during intense or prolonged exertion is caused by the buildup of lactic acid, produced when muscles rely on anaerobic glycolysis due to insufficient oxygen supply.
Q.13
Which sphincter Guards the opening between the oesophagus and stomach
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cardiac sphincter
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Sphincter of oddi
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pyloric sphincter
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gastro-oesophageal sphincter
Explanation
The sphincter guarding the junction between the oesophagus and the stomach is the gastro-oesophageal sphincter (also commonly called the cardiac or lower oesophageal sphincter) — it prevents stomach contents from refluxing back up into the oesophagus.
Q.14
sesamoid bone (ossified tendon) is
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Femur
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Tibia
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Tarsal
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Patella
Explanation
The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body — a bone that develops embedded within a tendon (here, the quadriceps tendon).
Q.15
the pivot joint between Atlas and axis is a type of
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Synovial Joint
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saddle joint
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cartilaginous joint
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fibrous joint
Explanation
The pivot joint between the atlas and axis (allowing the head to rotate side to side) is classified as a type of synovial joint — pivot joints are one of the synovial joint subtypes.
Q.16
Fetal blood would bypass the pulmonary circuit by flowing through the ……. located in the fetal interatrial wall
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ductus arteriosus
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pulmonary semilunar valve
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Tricuspid atrioventricular valve
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foramen ovale
Explanation
The foramen ovale is an opening in the fetal heart's interatrial wall (between the right and left atria) that lets blood bypass the non-functional fetal lungs by flowing directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.
Q.17
'X' is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation in the aorta and its main arteries. What is X
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pulse
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heart rate
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cardiac output
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heart beat
Explanation
The rhythmic expansion and relaxation felt in the aorta and its major arteries, driven by each heartbeat's pressure wave, is what's called the pulse.
Q.18
If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected
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The urine will be more dilute
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There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
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The urine will be more concentrated
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There will be no urine formation
Explanation
Henle's loop is responsible for setting up the concentration gradient in the kidney's medulla (via countercurrent multiplication) that lets the kidney concentrate urine. Without it, this gradient couldn't be established, and the kidney would only be able to produce more dilute urine.
Q.19
About 1000 ml of air is always known to remain inside the human lungs. it is described as
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tidal volume
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residual volume
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expiratory reserve volume
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inspired reserve volume
Explanation
The roughly 1000 mL of air that always remains in the lungs, even after the most forceful possible exhalation, is called the residual volume.
Q.20
You are viewing a heart dissected on a mid- frontal plane. All of the vessels leading into and away from the heart has been removed. The easiest way to determine the right and left side is to
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notice the difference in thickness of the ventricle walls
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find the opening of the coronary sinus
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trace the pattern of the serous visceral pericardium
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locate the pulmonary semilunar valves
Explanation
The left ventricle's wall is noticeably thicker than the right ventricle's, since the left side has to pump blood at much higher pressure to the entire body, while the right side only pumps to the nearby lungs — this thickness difference is the most immediately obvious way to tell the two sides apart in a dissected heart.
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