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NEET Biology MCQ
Quiz 1
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Q.1
Which is responsible for Peat formation
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Marchantia
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Sphagnum
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Funaria
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Riccia
Explanation
Sphagnum, a moss, is the classic source of peat — its accumulated, slowly-decaying remains in waterlogged bogs form peat deposits over time.
Q.2
Life cycle of Ectocarpus and Fucus are respectively
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Diplontic, haplodiplontic
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Haplodiplontic, diplontic
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Haplontic, diplontic
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Haplodiplontic, haplontic
Explanation
Ectocarpus follows a haplodiplontic life cycle — both its haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations are independent, multicellular plants. Fucus follows a diplontic life cycle — only the diploid sporophyte is multicellular and free-living; meiosis happens during gamete formation, so the only haploid stage is the gametes themselves.
Q.3
Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditions because of
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Presence of vessels
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Thick cuticle
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Superficial stomata
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Broad hardy leaves
Explanation
Conifers survive harsh conditions largely thanks to xerophytic adaptations like a thick cuticle (which cuts down water loss), along with sunken (not superficial) stomata and needle-like (not broad) leaves — all of which reduce transpiration.
Q.4
Which one is a red algae
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Ulothrix
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Gelidium
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Chlorella
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Volvox
Explanation
Gelidium is a red alga (Rhodophyceae) — well known as a source of agar. Ulothrix, Chlorella and Volvox are all green algae (Chlorophyceae).
Q.5
Seed habit is due to
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Heterospory
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Heterogamy
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Homogamy
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Homospory
Explanation
Heterospory — the production of two distinct spore types, smaller microspores and larger megaspores — is the evolutionary basis of the seed habit: the megaspore is retained and nourished within the parent sporophyte, a pattern that eventually gave rise to true seeds in gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Q.6
Mannitol is storage food in
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Fucus
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Chara
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Gracilaria
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Porphyra
Explanation
Fucus is a brown alga; brown algae characteristically store their food reserves as mannitol (and laminarin) rather than starch.
Q.7
Gametophytes do not have free living independent existence in
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Pteris
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Funaria
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Polytrichum
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Cedrus
Explanation
In gymnosperms like Cedrus, the gametophyte generation is greatly reduced and stays embedded within the sporophyte's tissue, with no free-living existence of its own. In bryophytes (Funaria, Polytrichum) the gametophyte is the dominant, free-living generation, and in pteridophytes (Pteris) the gametophyte (prothallus) is small but still free-living and independent.
Q.8
Which of the following is a living Fossil
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Ephedra
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Taxus
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Ginkgo
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Abies
Explanation
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is the textbook example of a "living fossil" — a gymnosperm genus that has survived largely unchanged since prehistoric times while its close relatives went extinct.
Q.9
In bryophytes and pteridophytes the transport of male gametes requires
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Wind
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Insects
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Water
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Birds
Explanation
In both bryophytes and pteridophytes, the male gametes (antherozoids) are flagellated and must swim through a film of water to reach the egg in the archegonium — which is why these plants need a moist habitat to complete fertilisation.
Q.10
Zygotic meiosis is characteristic of
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Chlamydomonas
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Fucus
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Marchantia
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Funaria
Explanation
Chlamydomonas follows a haplontic life cycle in which the zygote is the only diploid stage; meiosis occurs immediately as the zygote germinates ("zygotic meiosis"), restoring the haploid condition right away.
Q.11
Pollen grains of Cycas are liberated at
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Three celled stage
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Two cell stage
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Single celled
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None of these
Explanation
In Cycas, pollen grains are shed (liberated from the microsporangium) at the three-celled stage of development.
Q.12
Isogamous conditions with non-flagellated gametes is found in
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Spirogyra
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Fucus
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Chlamydomonas
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Volvox
Explanation
Spirogyra reproduces by conjugation — an isogamous process (the fusing gametes look identical) but using non-motile, non-flagellated gametes that unite through a conjugation tube, unlike the flagellated isogametes of Chlamydomonas or Volvox.
Q.13
Female reproductive organ of Algae is called
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Archegonium
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Carpal
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Oospore
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Oogonium
Explanation
In algae, the female reproductive structure that produces the egg is called the oogonium. (Archegonium is the equivalent structure in bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms.)
Q.14
Which of the following is organ sui generis
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RNA
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Rhizophore
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Rhizome
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Rhizoid
Explanation
The rhizophore of Selaginella — a leafless, root-bearing structure that is neither a typical root nor a typical stem — is the classic textbook example of an organ sui generis ("of its own unique kind").
Q.15
Top shaped multicilliate male gametes and seeds with two cotyledons occur in
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Cycads
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Polypetalous angiosperm
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Gamopetalous angiosperm
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Conifers
Explanation
Cycas produces motile, multiflagellate ("top-shaped", multiciliate) male gametes — an unusually primitive feature for a seed plant — and its seeds develop an embryo with two cotyledons.
Q.16
The embryo sac of an angiosperm is made up of
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8 nuclei
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7 cells and 8 nuclei
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7 cells and 7 nuclei
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8 cells
Explanation
A mature angiosperm embryo sac contains 8 nuclei arranged in 7 cells: 3 antipodal cells, 2 synergids, 1 egg cell, and 1 central cell — the central cell alone contains 2 (polar) nuclei, which is why the nucleus count (8) exceeds the cell count (7).
Q.17
If the diploid number of flowering plant isWhat will be the chromosome number in its endosperm
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18
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54
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36
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72
Explanation
(The diploid chromosome number itself seems to have dropped out of the question's text during scraping — working backward from the marked answer confirms it was meant to be 2n = 36.) Endosperm in flowering plants is triploid (3n) — formed from the fusion of the two polar nuclei (2n, from the same parent) with one sperm nucleus (n). So for a diploid number of 2n = 36 (n = 18), the endosperm's chromosome number is 3n = 3 × 18 = 54.
Q.18
Coralloid roots occur in
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Cycas
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Pinus
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Mosses
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Selaginella
Explanation
Cycas develops distinctive coralloid roots — short, branched, coral-like roots that grow partly above the soil surface and host nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, a feature unique to Cycas among the gymnosperms listed here.
Q.19
Which one is a vascular cryptogams
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Ginkgo
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Cedrus
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Equisetum
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Marchantia
Explanation
Cryptogams are spore-reproducing plants; "vascular cryptogams" specifically means pteridophytes — spore-producing plants that nonetheless possess true vascular tissue. Equisetum (horsetail) is a pteridophyte. Ginkgo and Cedrus are gymnosperms (seed plants), and Marchantia is a bryophyte (a non-vascular cryptogam).
Q.20
Winged pollen grains are present in
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Pinus
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Cycas
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Mango
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Mustard
Explanation
Pinus pollen grains carry a pair of air-filled wings (bladders) that help them disperse by wind — a distinctive feature among gymnosperm pollen.
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