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Quiz 4
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Q.1
Insecticide pyrethrum is prepared from ..[ CPMT 2004]
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a) Vetiveria
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b) Cymbopogon
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c) Tephrosia
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d) Chrysanthemum
Explanation
The pyrethrins are a class of organic compounds normally derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium that have potent insecticidal activity by targeting the nervous systems of insects Answer:(d)
Q.2
Rennin employed in chees industry is ...[ MPPMT 1995]
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a) Enzyme
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b) Inhibitor
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c) Alkaloid
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d) Inhibitor
Explanation
rennin, also called chymosin, protein-digesting enzyme that curdles milk by transforming caseinogen into insoluble casein; it is found only in the fourth stomach of cud-chewing animals, such as cows. It is used in production of cheese. Answer:(a)
Q.3
Biofertilizers include ...[ AMU 2010]
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a) Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
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b) Nitrogen fixing bacteria
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c) Mycorrhiza
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d) All the above
Explanation
Biofertilizers are organisms which bring about nutrient enrichment of the soil. They are of three types- nitrogen fixing bacteria, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria and mycorrhiza. Answer:(d)
Q.4
Vinegar is prepared from alcohol with the help of ... [ RPMT 1995]
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a) Lactobacillus
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b) Acetobacter
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c) Azotobacter
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d) Rhizobium
Explanation
Vinegar is 10-13% ripened acetic acid. Initially molasses or sugar solution is allowed to undergo alcoholic fermentation by yeast. As soon as 10-12% alcohol is formed, the liquid is filtered to remove yeast. It is aerated and inoculated with Acetobacter aceti. This microbe produces acid. When 10-13% acetic acid content is achieved, the liquid is filtered. The filtrate is allowed to ripen till the disagreeable smell disappears. It is pasteurized and called vinegar. Answer:(b)
Q.5
Which one is a biofertilizer? ... [ JIPMER 2000]
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a) NPK mixture
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b) Rhizobia in legume roots
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c) Rhizobia in farmyard manure
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d) Green manure
Explanation
Biofertilizers are organisms which bring about nutrient enrichment of the soil. Rhizobia is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. Rhizobium in symbiotic relation with root of leguminous plants fix atmospheric nitrogen. Other options are part of organic farming. Answer:(b)
Q.6
Which of the following is used as green manure? [ JIPMER 2001]
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a) Azolla
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b) Crotalaria juncea
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c) Hevea braziliensis
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d) Azadirachta juncea
Explanation
Green manure: It is ploughed back young leguminous crop like Sesbania aculeate, Sesbania rostrate (both root and stem nodules), Crotalaria juncea (Sunn hemp), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, etc Answer:(b)
Q.7
Red pigment (leghaemoglobin) having affinity for oxygen is present in the roots of ...[ CBSE 2001]
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a) Mustard
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b) Soybean
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c) Carrot
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d) Radish
Explanation
Leghaemoglobin is found in the nodules of leguminous plants. The main functions of leghemoglobin are (1) to facilitate oxygen supply to the nitrogen fixing bacteria and (2) to protect the enzyme, nitrogenase from being inactivated by oxygen. Answer:(b)
Q.8
Worm castings are rich in ...[ MHTCET 2009]
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a) Nitrogen
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b) Phosphorous
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c) Calcium
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d) All the above
Explanation
Worm castings are rich of phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and humic acid and other minerals Answer:(d)
Q.9
Ti plasmid used for making transgenic plants belongs to ...[ Manipur 2009]
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a) Clostridium
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b) Escherichia
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c) Saccharomyces
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d) Agrobacterium
Explanation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen with the capacity to deliver a segment of oncogenic DNA carried on a large plasmid called the tumor-inducing or Ti plasmid to susceptible plant cell. Answer:(d)
Q.10
A common biocontrol agent for plant diseases is ... [ CBSE 2010]
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a) Bacillus thuringiensis
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b) Glomus
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c) Trichoderma
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d) Baculovirus
Explanation
A biological control being developed for use in the treatment of plant disease is the fungus Trichoderma. Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in the root ecosystems. They are effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens. Answer:(c)
Q.11
Cheeses are classified on the basis of ... [ MPPMT 1997]
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a) Flavour
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b) Colour
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c) Texture
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d) All the above
Explanation
Cheese, is one of the oldest food items in which microbes were used. Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste, the specificity coming from the microbes used. For example, the large holes in ‘Swiss cheese’ are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii. The ‘Roquefort cheese’ are ripened by growing a specific fungi on them, which gives them a particular flavour. Answer:(d)
Q.12
Organic manure formed by Earthworms is ...[ AFMC 2011]
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a) Worm casting
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b) Urea
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c) Ammonia
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d) Vermiculture
Explanation
Vermicompost is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast or worm cast. Answer:(a)
Q.13
Ethanol is produced from starch as raw material by the activity of ...[ AFMC 2007]
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a) Yeast
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b) Protozoa
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c) Virus
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d) Rickettsia
Explanation
Yeast produces three enzymes- amylase, maltase and zymase complex. Amylase converts small quantity of starch into maltose. Maltase converts maltose to glucose. Zymase complex acts on glucose to produce ethanol. Answer:(a)
Q.14
Single cell protein is ... [ Guj CET 2009]
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a) Protein synthesised by skin cell
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b) A protein synthesised by liver cell
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c) Protein synthesised by microorganisms
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d) A protein synthesised by muscle cell
Explanation
Single cell protein typically refers to source of mixed protein extracted from pure or mixed culture of algae, yeast, fungi or bacteria (microorganism) Answer:(c)
Q.15
Curd, milk, chees and butter are produced with the use of ... [ Odisha JEE 1995] Explanation is provided, please click on
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a) Streptococcus
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b) Yeast
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c) Penicillium
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Curd, milk, cheese and butter are products of raw milk. All these products are produced using strains of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. In above options only streptococcus is mentioned, so most appropriate option is (a). Answer:(a)
Q.16
Cheese and yogurt are products of ...[ AMU 1998]
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a) Pasteurisation
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b) Distillation
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c) Fermentation
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d) Dehydration
Explanation
Yogurt is fermented milk. Cheese is a dairy product and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. Both products are produced by process of fermentation. Answer:(c)
Q.17
Single cell protein refers to ...[ DPMT 2010]
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a) Specific protein extracted from pure culture of single type of cells
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b) Sources of mixed proteins extracted from pure or mixed culture of organisms or cells
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c) Protein extracted from a single cell
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d) A specific protein extracted from a single cell
Explanation
Single cell protein typically refers to source of mixed protein extracted from pure or mixed culture of algae, yeast, fungi or bacteria (microorganism) Answer:(b)
Q.18
Which raw material is used in fermentation process of making beer? [ Odisha 2005]
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a) Starch in vegetables
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b) Starch in cereals
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c) Sugar in fruits
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d) Protein in pulses
Explanation
Beer’s nutrient medium is Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain which have been semi germinated and crushed to form malt. Before inoculation with yeast, the infusion of malt is treated with hops (Humulus lupulus) to provide flavor, colour and stability. Answer:(b)
Q.19
Which one is not a biofertilizer ..[ CBSE 2011]
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a) Nostoc
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b) Mycorrhiza
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c) Agrobacterium
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d) Rhizobium
Explanation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen with the capacity to deliver a segment of oncogenic DNA carried on a large plasmid called the tumor-inducing or Ti plasmid to susceptible plant cells. Answer:(c)
Q.20
Vermicompost is biofertilizer rich in ...[ MHTCET 20008]
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a) Phosphorous
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b) Calcium
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c) Nitrogen
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d) All the above
Explanation
Worm castings are rich of phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and humic acid and other minerals. Answer:(d)
Q.21
Penicillin was discovered by ... [ MPPMT 2000]
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a) Fleming
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b) Waksman
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c) Burkholder
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d) Dubois
Explanation
In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed that the growth of staphylococcus colonies growing near a contaminating mold colony was disrupted. The following year, he published a paper describing the mold as Penicillium notatum and terming the active compound penicillin Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from Penicillium notatum. Answer:(a)
Q.22
Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a ... [ CBSE 2011]
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a) Biological process
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b) Chemical process
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c) Mechanical process
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d) Physical process
Explanation
Secondary treatment involves biological process of microbial degradation of organic matter. Answer:(a)
Q.23
Some blue green algae can be used biofertilizer as they are ...[ BHU 2002]
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a) Photosynthetic
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b) Capable of fixing nitrogen
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c) Surrounded by mucilage
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d) Growing every where
Explanation
Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc. In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser. Blue green algae also add organic matter to the soil and increase its fertility. Answer:(b)
Q.24
Match the columns and choose the correct option ... [ Kerala 2010 ]
Column I
Column I
(i) Aspergillus niger
(a) Ethanol
(ii) Clostridium
(b) Statins butydicum
(iii) Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
(c) Citric acid
(iv) Trichoderma polysporum
(d) Butyric acid
(v) Monascus purpureus
(e) Cyclosporin A
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a) (i) - d, (ii) - c, (iii) - b , (iv) - a, (v) - c
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b) (i) - e, (ii) - d, (iii) - a , (iv) - b, (v) - c
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c) (i) - c, (ii) - d, (iii) - a , (iv) - e, (v) - b
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d) (i) - b, (ii) - c, (iii) - d , (iv) - e, (v) - a
Explanation
Aspergillus niger synthesis citric acid. Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ethanol from glucose. Clostridium butyricum produces butyric acid. Trichoderma polysporum produces cyclosporin A which is an immunosuppressant. Monascus purpureus synthesize statins which helps in lowering cholesterol level. Answer:(c)
Q.25
Group of bacteria used in biogas production is ... [ JIPMER 2000]
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a) Eubacteria
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b) Methanogens
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c) Organotrophs
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d) Eubacteria
Explanation
Nostoc is free living nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria which increase nitrogen content of moist soil. Mycorrhiza is a mutually beneficial relationship between fungus and roots of higher plants. Mycorrhiza helps in absorption of water, minerals. Agrobacterium is used to to transfer genes to plants and fungi is used in biotechnology, in particular, genetic engineering for plant improvement. Rhizobium is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria forms mutual beneficial association with root nodules of legumes. Answer:(b)
Q.26
A plant having nitrogen fixing bacteria is ...[ CPMT 2003]
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a) Gram
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b) Wheat
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c) Cotton
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d) Mustard
Explanation
Rhizobium is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. It has mutually beneficial relation with leguminous plants. Gram belongs to leguminous plants. Answer:(a)
Q.27
Which one is not used in the production of Yoghurt? [ MPPMT 1995]
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a) Streptococcus lactis
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b) Streptococcus thermophilus
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c) Lactobacillus bulgaricus
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d) Acetobacter aceti
Explanation
Lactic acid is used in production of yogurt. Lactic acid are produced by bacteria like Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophiles and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Acetobacter aceti produces acetic acid. Answer:(d)
Q.28
Latest trend in plant disease control is ...[ Pb. PMT 1999]
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a) Chemical control
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b) Breeding for disease resistance
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c) Biological control
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d) Good manure and fertilizer
Explanation
Biocontrol refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pest. It is a holistic approach that seeks to develop an understanding of the webs of interaction between the myriad of organisms that constitute the field fauna and flora. The use of biocontrol measures will greatly reduce our dependence on toxic chemicals and pesticides Answer:(c)
Q.29
Select the correct statement from the following ... [ CBSE 2010]
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a) Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacteria found in rumen of cattle
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b) Biogas commonly called gobar gas in pure methane
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c) Activated sludge sediment is settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is rich source of aerobic bacteria
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d) Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal waste
Explanation
Methanobacterium is an anaerobic bacteria found in rumen of cattle. Biogas commonly called as gobar gas is mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen and hydrogen. Methane is main ingredient. Biogas is produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on organic waste. Answer:(c)
Q.30
It is not benefit of vermicompost ...[ MHTCET 2008]
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a) Protection of water bodies from pollution
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b) Reduction in microbial activity
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c) Increased availability of minerals
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d) Increased hydration and aeration
Explanation
Advantages of vermicompost • Vermicompost helps improve soil structure, texture, porosity, water holding capacity, drainage, and aeration and reduce erosion. • It improves plant growth by enabling the growth of new shoots and leaves, thereby increasing productivity. • It helps to neutralize the pH of the soil. • Vermicompost enhances the soil’s microbial activity and adds beneficial microbes, lowers the pest and disease incidence. • It is easy to apply and handle, economical and does not have a foul odor. • It is free from any pathogens or harmful materials. • It contains several micro and macronutrients, vitamins, enzymes and hormones like auxins and gibberellins. Answer:(b)
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