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Q.1
Select the wrong statement:
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a) Proteins are heteropolymers made up of amino acids.
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b) Ribozymes are nucleic acids with catalytic power.
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c) Proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides are the only three types of macromolecules found in the living system.
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d) Collagen is the most abundant protein in the whole of biosphere whereas RuBisco is the most abundant protein in animal world.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.2
Two free ribonucleotides units are interlinked with
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a) peptide bond
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b) covalent bond
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c) hydrogen bond
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d) phosphodiester bond
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.3
Carbohydrates, the most abundant Biomolecules on earth, are produced by
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a) Fungi, algae and green plant cells
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b) All bacteria, fungi and algae
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c) Some bacteria, algae and green plant cells
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d) Viruses, fungi and algae
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.4
The amino acid involves in formation of Haeme:
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a) Tyrosine
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b) Glycine
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c) Tryptophan
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d) Histidine
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.5
Coenzyme is .... ..... [ BHU 1997]
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a) Often a vitamin
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b) Always an inorganic compound
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c) Always a protein
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d) Often a metal
Explanation
There are two types of cofactors: inorganic ions [e.g., zinc or Cu(I) ions] and organic molecules known as coenzymes. Most coenzymes are vitamins or are derived from vitamins. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small (trace) amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Answer : (a)
Q.6
ow does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities? [NEET 2019]
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a) Changing the permeability of the cell membrane
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b) Binding to DNA and forming a genehormone complex
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c) Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane
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d) Using aquaporin channels as second messenger
Explanation
Hormones which interact with intracellular receptors (e.g., steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc.) mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by the interaction of hormone-receptor complex with the genome. Cumulative biochemical actions result in physiological and developmental effects. Answer : (b)
Q.7
The two functional groups characteristic of sugars are ... ..[NEET 2018]
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a) carbonyl and phosphate
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b) carbonyl and methyl
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c) hydroxyl and methyl
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d) carbonyl and hydroxyl
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.8
Many ribosomes may associate with a single mRNA to form multiple copies of a polypeptide simultaneously. Such strings of ribosomes are termed as .... .. [NEET 2018]
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a) Plastidome
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b) Polyhedral bodies
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c) Polysome
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d) Nucleosome
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.9
Match the following Choose the correct option from the following
(a) Inhibitor of catalytic activity
(i) Ricin
(b) Possess peptide bonds
(ii) Malonate
(c) Cell wall material in fungi
(iii) Chitin
(d) Secondary metabolite
(iv) Collagen
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a) a → iii; b → iv; c → i; d → ii;
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b) a → ii; b → iii; c → i; d → iv;
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c) a → ii; b → iv; c → iii; d → i;
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d) a → iii; b → i; c → iv; d → ii;
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.10
Chitin occurs in ... .... [ AMU 2003]
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a) Crab
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b) caterpillar
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c) Agaricus
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d) All the above
Explanation
main commercial sources of chitin are crab and shrimp shells the tough covering of caterpillar that is a mixture of chitin and specialized proteins Answer : (d)
Q.11
Glucose is stored as glycogen in ... ...[ AFMC 2011]
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a) Pancreas
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b) Bone
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c) Kidney
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d) Liver
Explanation
Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver and the muscles and provides the body with a readily available source of energy if blood glucose levels decrease Answer : (d)
Q.12
Match the following ... [kerala 2007]
a) Biological pigments
1) Sodium chloride
b) Chemical messengers
2) Steroids
c) Important constituent of blood
3) Prostaglandins
d) Four carbon rings
4) chlorophyll
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a) a - 2 , b - 4, c - 3, d - 1
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b) a - 2, b - 1, c - 4, d - 3
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c) a - 3, b - 3, c - 2, d - 1
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d) a - 4, b - 3, c - 1, d - 2
Explanation
The photosynthesis process makes use of the green pigment called chlorophyll along with some other form of yellow and red pigments. a - 4 Prostaglandins are hormones created during a chemical reaction at the site where an injury or other issue occurs. They are unique among hormones, because unlike most of the chemical messengers, they are not secreted from a gland. b - 3 Sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as salt, is an essential compound our body uses to: absorb and transport nutrients. maintain blood pressure. c - 1 All steroids have four linked carbon rings, and many of them, like cholesterol, have a short tail. d - 2 Answer : (d)
Q.13
The most essential of the fatty acids is .... ...... [ AMU 2001]
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a) Arachidonic acid
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b) Linolenic amine
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c) Linoleic acid
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d) Oleic acid
Explanation
These essential fatty acids (EFAs) are based on linoleic acid (omega-6 group) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 group). We need both groups of essential fatty acids to survive. Answer : (c)
Q.14
Most abundant component of cell is ... ... [DPMT 2011]
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a) Protein
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b) Water
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c) Cellulose
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d) Lipid
Explanation
Water is the most abundant molecule in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass. Answer : (b)
Q.15
Which one is a fibrous protein? ... .... [ Pb PMT 1997]
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a) Collagen
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b) Globulin
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c) Haemoglobin
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d) Hordein
Explanation
There are many fibrous protein (scleroprotein) superfamilies including keratin, collagen, elastin, and fibroin. The roles of such proteins include protection and support, forming connective tissue, tendons, bone matrices, and muscle fiber. The globulins, hemoglobin are a family of globular proteins Hordein is a prolamin glycoprotein Answer : (a)
Q.16
" All enzymes are proteins". This statement is now modified because of exception to this ... ... [ DPMT 2010]
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a) Arylsulphate
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b) Ribozyme
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c) Nitroreductase
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d) Dehydrogenase
Explanation
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that are capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes. Answer : (b)
Q.17
The ‘‘lock and key’’ model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule:
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a) May be destroyed and resynthesised several times.
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b) Interacts with a specific type of substrate molecule.
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c) Reacts at identical rates under all conditions.
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d) Forms a permanent enzyme – substrate complex.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.18
Energy currency/coin of cell is .... ... [ MPPMT 2002 ]
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a) ATP
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b) NAD
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c) ADP
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d) GDP
Explanation
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency or coin of the cell, transfers energy from chemical bonds to endergonic (energy absorbing) reactions within the cell. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Which is not a protein .... .... [ HPPMT 2011]
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a) Trypsin
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b) Collagen
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c) Rubisco
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d) N-Acetylglucosamine
Explanation
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (N-acetlyglucosamine) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. Chemically it is an amide between glucosamine and acetic acid. Trypsin is a medium size globular protein that functions as a pancreatic serine protease. Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix in the various connective tissues in the body. RuBisCO is a special type of protein called an enzyme. Answer : (d)
Q.20
Enzyme are polymers of ... ... [ AFMC 1996]
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a) Fatty acids
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b) Amino acids
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c) Hexose sugar
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d) Inorganic phosphate
Explanation
Enzymes are composed primarily of proteins, which are polymers of amino acids. Enzymes can bind prosthetic groups that participate in enzyme reactions. Answer : (b)
Q.21
Non-proteinaceous part of enzyme is ... .... [ Har PMT 2003]
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a) Cofactor
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b) Coenzyme
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c) Prosthetic group
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d) All the above
Explanation
Non-protein part named cofactor or prosthetic group or metal-ion-activator Answer : (d)
Q.22
Living cell contains 60-75% water. Water present in human body is ... ...[ CBSE 1992]
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a) 60-65%
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b) 50-55%
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c) 75-80%
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d) 65-70%
Explanation
Since the structural and functional unit of our body, consists of 60-75% of water Answer : (d)
Q.23
NAD is ... .... [ MHTCET 2007]
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a) Nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate
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b) Nicotine adenosine phosphate
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c) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor that is central to metabolism. Answer : (c)
Q.24
Two polypeptide chains are joined by hydrogen bonds to produce .... ... [ Har PMT 2002]
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a) α-helix
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b) Tertiary structure
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c) β-pleated sheet
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d) All the above
Explanation
alpha -helix: hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl oxygen and an amine hydrogen beeta- pleated sheet :hydrogen bonding between peptide strands Answer : (c)
Q.25
Which is not true of enzymes? ... ... [ RPMT 1996]
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a) They are specific
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b) They are made of globular proteins
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c) Enzymes are most active at maximum temperature
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d) They are most active at optimum temperature
Explanation
This optimal temperature is usually around human body temperature (37.5°C) for the enzymes in human cells. Answer : (c)
Q.26
Enzymes enhance rate of reaction by ... .... [ CBSE 2000 ]
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a) Combining with product
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b) Forming reactant product complex
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c) Changing equilibrium of reaction
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d) Lowering activation energy
Explanation
Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy. Answer : (d)
Q.27
Nicotine and cocaine are ....
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a) Peptides
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b) Tannins
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c) Alkaloids
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d) Resin
Explanation
Nicotine, caffeine, cocaine and morphine are all alkaloids. Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring organic compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. Answer : (c)
Q.28
Which is not correct? .... ... [ BHU 1992]
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a) All enzymes are biocatalysts
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b) All proteins are enzymes
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c) All enzymes are proteins
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d) All enzymes are thermolabile
Explanation
Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. The latter are called ribozymes. Enzymes are proteins, however all of the body is built up of proteins for example hair is made from proteins, however your hair is definitely not an enzyme Answer : (b)
Q.29
Feedback inhibition is caused by blocking of enzymes by ... .... [ AFMC 2007]
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a) Accumulated end products
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b) Chemicals produced by hormones
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c) Hormones
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d) Competitive inhibition
Explanation
Feedback inhibition occurs when the end product of a reaction interferes with the enzyme that helped produce it. The accumulation of the end product interferes with the enzymatic activity by changing the shape of its active site. Answer : (a)
Q.30
Which of the following pair is monosaccharide? .... ... [ RPMT 1998]
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a) Glucose and Fructose
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b) Glucose and Sucrose
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c) Ribose and Maltose
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d) Ribose and Sucrose
Explanation
monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) Answer : (a)
Q.31
Calcium is required for functioning of enzyme ... .... [ Pb PMT 2005] Explanation is provided, please click on
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a) Fumarase
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b) ATP-ase
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c) Succinate thiokinase
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d) Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Explanation
Calcium has been shown to bind to IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase) as a complex with isocitrate, acting as a competitive inhibitor of magnesium. With calcium in the active site the turnover rate is reduced because, the isocitrate, enzyme, NADP+, and Ca2+ are shifted in the active site by one angstrom to accommodate the calcium, which is larger than magnesium . The magnesium cofactor is involved in stabilizing the transitional states during the two-step reaction Answer:(d)
Q.32
Which is not a trait of enzymes? ... .... [ CPMT 1996]
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a) Proteinaceous nature
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b) Specific in nature
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c) Speed up ate of biochemical reaction
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d) Used up in reaction
Explanation
Enzymes act as catalysts; they do not get consumed in the chemical reactions that they accelerate Since energy is always limiting in a living cell, cells have adopted enzymes as a way to conserve energy. Insufficient energy is a barrier to initiating the reaction. Only when there is a sufficient amount of energy, can the reactant overcome the energy barrier and proceed to form a product. This is called the activation energy. Answer : (d)
Q.33
Read the statements ... ... [ kerala 2008] i) Element important for production of thyroxine is iodine ii) Vitamin B6 is niacin or nicotinic acid iii) Fructose is a hexose monosaccharide iv) Globulin is a conjugate protein
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a) a, b, c are correct, d is wrong
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b) a, c are correct, b, d are wrong
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c) a, b are correct, c, d are wrong
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d) a is correct, b, c d are wrong
Explanation
Iodine is a rate-limiting element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. At present, the only physiological role known for iodine in the human body is in the synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Statement 'a' is correct Vitamin B5, also called pantothenic acid. Statement 'b' is NOT correct Fructose is classified as a monosaccharide, the most important ketose sugar, a hexose, and is a reducing sugar. Statement 'c' is correct. Answer : (b)
Q.34
A fatty acid not synthesised in human body is .... ..... [ AMU 2002]
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a) Cholesterol
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b) Linoleic acid
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c) Glycerol
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids cannot synthesize by human body Answer : (b)
Q.35
A storage protein is ... .. [ CPMT 1999 ]
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a) Keratin
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b) Collagen
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c) Haemoglobin
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d) Glutelin/Globulin
Explanation
Multigenic glutelins and monogenic globulin are major storage proteins Answer : (d)
Q.36
The form in which sugar is present in sugarcane ... ... [ Manipal 2001]
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a) Maltose
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b) Sucrose
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c) Fructose
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d) Glucose
Explanation
Table sugar (sucrose) comes from plant sources. Two important sugar crops predominate: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris), in which sugar can account for 12% to 20% of the plant's dry weight Answer : (b)
Q.37
Temperature is increased from 3° to 40°. The rate of enzyme controlled biochemical reaction will ... .... [ MPPMT 1996]
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a) Not change
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b) Increase
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c) Increase initially and then decrease
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d) Decrease
Explanation
Like most chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as the temperature is raised. A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100% With increased temerature enzymes will be deactivated at even moderate temperatures. Answer : (c)
Q.38
Base pairs present in one turn of DNA are ... ... [ Har. PMT 2002]
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a) 12
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b) 11
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c) 10
0%
d) 9
Explanation
The distance between base pairs is 3.4 Å .The total length of one turn of DNA is 34 Å . The total number of the base pair in each turn is 34/3.4 = 10. DNA in chromatin is most stable with about 10 base pairs per turn. Answer : (c)
Q.39
Coenzyme is often a ... ..... [ CPMT 1996 ]
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a) Carbohydrate
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b) Protein
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c) Vitamin
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d) Fatty acid
Explanation
Water-soluble vitamins, which include all B complex vitamins and vitamin C, lead to the production of coenzymes. Answer : (c)
Q.40
A nucleotide is ... ... [ BHU 2001]
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a) Sugar + Phosphate
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b) Base + Sugar + Phosphate
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c) base + Sugar - OH
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d) (Base + Sugar+Phosphate)n
Explanation
A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. Answer : (b)
Q.41
Select the correct answer from the following statements ... ...[ BHU 2008] 1) Cutin is fatty acid polymer 2) Starch is glucose polymer 3) Sucrose is monosaccharide 4) Maltose is polymer of fructose
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a) 1, 2, 3 are correct
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b) 1 and 2 are correct
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c) 2 and 4 are correct
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d) 1 and 3 are correct
Explanation
Monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde. Disaccharides are Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose Polysaccharides are Starch,Cellulose, Glycogen Answer : (b)
Q.42
A nucleotide is formed of ... .... [ BHU 2001]
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a) Purine, pyrimidine and phosphate
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b) Purine, sugar and phosphate
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c) Nitrogen base, sugar and phosphate
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d) Pyrimidine, sugar and phosphate
Explanation
A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. Answer : (c)
Q.43
Digestive enzymes are .... .... [ DPMT 2007]
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a) Hydrolases
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b) Transferases
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c) Oxidoreductases
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d) Ligases
Explanation
Hydrolases are any class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins, nucleic acids, starch, fats, phosphate esters, and other macromolecular substances. Answer : (a)
Q.44
What is laevorotatory ... .... [ MPPMT 2007]
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a) Fructose
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b) Glucose
0%
c) Maltose
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d) Sucrose
Explanation
laevorotatory : a compound having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the left, i.e. anticlockwise facing the oncoming radiation. Fructose is laevorotatory glucose, Maltose, Sucrose are dextrorotatory Answer : (a)
Q.45
Cellulose is ... .... [ MPPMT 2002]
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a) Hexosan polysaccharide
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b) Pentosan polysaccharide
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c) Heptopolysaccharide
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d) Heteropolysaccharide
Explanation
Cellulose is a homopolysaccharide made up of many units of hexose sugar glucose Answer : (a)
Q.46
Number of fatty acid residues present in one molecule of fat is ... .... [ BHU 2000 ]
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a) 4
0%
b) 3
0%
c) 2
0%
d) 1
Explanation
Fats consist of three fatty acids and a glycerol, they are also called triacylglycerols or triglycerides. Answer : (b)
Q.47
Non-protein part of holoenzyme is ... .... [ WB 2007]
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a) Vitamin
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b) Cofactor
0%
c) Fatty acid
0%
d) Zymogen
Explanation
Apoenzyme + Cofactor = Holoenzyme A coenzyme - a non-protein organic substance which is dialyzable, thermostable and loosely attached to the protein part. Answer : (b)
Q.48
A riboside is .... .... [ AIIMS 1992]
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a) base + Phosphate
0%
b) Ribose + Phosphate
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c) Ribose + Phosphate + Base
0%
d) Ribose + Base
Explanation
A riboside is any glycoside of ribose. Answer : (d)
Q.49
An enzyme made of both protein and non-protein parts is together called ... .... [ BHU 2008]
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a) Coenzyme
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b) Endoenzyme
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c) Exoenzyme
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d) Holoenzyme
Explanation
Holoenzyme a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme. Answer : (d)
Q.50
The protein part of enzyme is ... .... [ AFMC 2012]
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a) Prosthetic group
0%
b) Apoenzyme
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c) Holoenzyme
0%
d) Zymogen
Explanation
The protein part of enzyme is Apoenzyme Answer : (b)
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