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Neet Biology Cell Structure And Organelle Mcq
Quiz 12
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Q.1
The Golgi complex plays a major role …[NEET 2013]
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a) In trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy
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b) In digesting proteins and carbohydrates
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c) As energy transferring organelles
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d) In post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids
Explanation
Protein + Carbohydrate → Glycosylation Lipid + Carbohydrate → Glycosidation Answer:(d)
Q.2
Which one of the following organelle in the figure correctly matches with its function ? …[NEET 2013]
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a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum, formation of glycoproteins
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b) Golgi apparatus, protein synthesis
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c) Golgi apparatus, formation of glycolipids
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d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.3
Select the mismatch :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) Protists-Eukaryotes
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b) Methanogens-Prokaryotes
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c) Gas vacuoles-Green bacteria
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d) Large central vacuoles - Animal cells
Explanation
Large central vacuoles are found in plant cells Answer:(d)
Q.4
Select the wrong statement :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells.
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b) Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism
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c) Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan.
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d) Pilli and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells
Explanation
The short attachment pili or fimbriae are organelles of adhesion allowing bacteria to colonize environmental surfaces or cells and resist flushing. Answer:(d)
Q.5
A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes is :- …[NEET 2016]
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a) Ribosome
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b) Mesosome
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c) Lysosome
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d) Microsome
Explanation
Lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes Answer:(c)
Q.6
Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP? ….[NEET- 2017]
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a) Lysosome
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b) Ribosome
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c) Chloroplast
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d) Mitochondrion
Explanation
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic oxidation of carbohydrates to generate ATP. Answer:(d)
Q.7
Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells? [ ReAIPMT 2015]
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a) Plasma membrane
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b) Nuclear envelope
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c) Ribosome
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d) Mesosome
Explanation
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures. Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but, instead, generally have a single chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid. Answer:(b)
Q.8
Which of the following are not membrane-bound? [ ReAIPMT 2015]
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a) Mesosomes
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b) Vacuoles
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c) Ribosomes
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d) Lysosomes
Explanation
Ribosomes are different from other organelles because they have no membrane around them that separates them from other organelles Answer:(c)
Q.9
Cellular organelles with membranes are : [ ReAIPMT 2015]
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a) Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
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b) Nuclei, ribosomes and mitochondria
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c) Chromosomes, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
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d) Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and nuclei
Explanation
Ribosomes are different from other organelles because they have no membrane around them that separates them from other organelles Thus option b, c and d are not correct Answer:(a)
Q.10
A protoplast is a cell : [ ReAIPMT 2015]
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a) without cell wall
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b) without plasma membrane
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c) without nucleus
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d) undergoing division
Explanation
Protoplast a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall Answer:(a)
Q.11
Match the columns and identify the correct option: [ ReAIPMT 2015]
Column-I
Column-II
(a) Thylakoids
(i)Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus;
(b) Cristae
(ii) Condensed structure of DNA
(c) Cisternae
(iii) Flat membranous sacs in stroma
(d) Chromatin
(iv) In foldings in mitochondria
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a) A →(iii) ; B → (iv); C → (ii); D → (i)
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b) A → (iv); B → (iii); C → (i); D → (ii)
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c) A →(iii); B → (iv); C → (i); D → (ii)
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d) A →(iii); B → (i); C → (iv); D → (ii)
Explanation
A thylakoid is a sheet-like membrane-bound structure that is the site of the light-dependent photosynthesis reactions in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. a = iii Cristae is In foldings in mitochondria b = iv The flat, disc shaped sacs of golgi boby is known as cisternae c= (i) Chromatin fibers are coiled and condensed to form chromosomes. d=(ii) Answer:(c)
Q.12
Balbiani rings are sites of : [ ReAIPMT 2015]
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a) RNA and protein synthesis
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b) Lipid synthesis
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c) Nucleotide synthesis
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d) Polysaccharide synthesis
Explanation
A Balbiani ring is a large chromosome puff. Balbiani rings are diffused uncoiled regions of the polytene chromosome that are sites of RNA transcription and protein synthesis Answer:(a)
Q.13
Which of the following is true for nucleolus ? [NEET 2018]
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a) Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells.
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b) It is a membrane-bound structure.
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c) It takes part in spindle formation.
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d) It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.
Explanation
The nucleolus is the most conspicuous domain in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, whose main function is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Answer : (d)
Q.14
The Golgi complex participates in … [ NEET 2018]
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a) Fatty acid breakdown
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b) Formation of secretory vesicles
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c) Respiration in bacteria
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d) Activation of amino acid
Explanation
Secretory vesicles are tiny little packages in which certain cell secretions can be transported. The vesicles are membrane bound and produced by the golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum Answer : (b)
Q.15
Select the wrong statement … [ NEET 2018]
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a) Cell wall is present in members of Fungi and Plantae
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b) Mushrooms belong to Basidiomycetes
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c) Pseudopodia are locomotory and feeding structures in Sporozoans
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d) Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell In all kingdoms except Monera
Explanation
Pseudopodia are the finger-like projections and are the locomotory organs of protozoans. For example, Amoeba. Option a is wrong statement hence answer ‘a’ Cell wall is present in the members of both kingdom Fungi and Plantae. Fungi have a cell wall made up of chitin and fungal cellulose in some members while plants cell wall is made up of cellulose and hemicellulose. Option b is correct statement Mitochondria is called powerhouse of the cell because these are associated with the cellular respiration. Mitochondria is present only in eukaryotes and absent in prokaryotes i.e. in members of kingdom Monera. Option c is correct statement Mushrooms belong to the class Basidiomycetes of kingdom Fungi. For example, Agaricus. Option d is correct statement Answer : (c)
Q.16
Which of the following events does not occur in rough endoplasmic reticulum ? … [ NEET 2018]
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a) Protein folding
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b) Protein glycosylation
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c) Cleavage of signal peptide
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d) Phospholipid synthesis
Explanation
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen plays four major protein processing roles: 1. folding/refolding of the polypeptide, 2. glycosylation of the protein, 3. assembly of multi-subunit proteins, and 4. packaging of proteins into vesicles. Phospholipids are synthesized in mitochondria or perosixomes option d correct Answer : (d)
Q.17
Nissl bodies are mainly composed of … [ NEET 2018]
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a) Proteins and lipids
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b) DNA and RNA
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c) Nucleic acids and SER
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d) Free ribosomes and RER
Explanation
A Nissl body, also known as Nissl substance and Nissl material, is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis. Answer : (d)
Q.18
tion Q1) Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect? [NEET 2020]
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a) They lie free in the cytoplasm
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b) These represent reserve material in cytoplasm
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c) They are not bound by any membrane
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d) These are involved in ingestion of food particles
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.19
tion Q2) Which of the following pair of organelles does not contain DNA? [NEET 2019]
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a) Mitochondria and Lysosomes
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b) Chloroplast and Vacuoles
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c) Lysosomes and Vacuoles
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d) Nuclear envelope and Mitochondria
Explanation
Lysosomes and Vacuoles do not have DNA Answer:(c)
Q.20
tion Q3) Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is incorrect? [NEET 2019]
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a) Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
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b) Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane..
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c) Inner membrane is convoluted with infoldings.
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d) Mitochondrial matrix contains single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes.
Explanation
In mitochondria, enzymes for electron transport are present in the inner membrane Answer:(b)
Q.21
tion Q4) The shorter and longer arms of a submetacentric chromosome are referred to as [NEET 2019]
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a) s-arm and l-arm respectively
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b) p-arm and q-arm respectively
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c) q-arm and p-arm respectively
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d) m-arm and n-arm respectively
Explanation
Sub metacentric chromosome is Heterobrachial. Short arm designated as 'p' arm (p = petite i.e. short) Long arm designated as 'q' arm Answer:(a)
Q.22
tion Q5) Which of the following is true for nucleolus ? [NEET 2018]
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a) It takes part in spindle formation.
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b) It is a membrane-bound structure.
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c) Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells.
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d) It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.23
tion Q6) Which of the following events does not occur in rough endoplasmic reticulum ? [NEET 2018] )
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a) Cleavage of signal peptide
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b) Protein glycosylation
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c) Protein folding
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d) Phospholipid synthesis
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.24
tion Q7) Scrutinize the following statements and point out the false one:
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a) Danish biologist Joachim Hammerling proved that the nucleus is a store house of hereditary information, on the basis of his studies on Acetabularia.
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b) The university accepted fluid mosaic model for plasma membrane proposed by S Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson.
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c) Rudolf Virchow was the first to explain that the cells divide and new cells are formed from pre existing cells.
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d) Robert Brown is credited with the discovery of cell.
Explanation
Dr. Joachim Hammerling determined that the nucleus controls the development of organisms by containing the hereditary information or DNA from his grafting experimentation on the green algae Acetabularia Answer:(a)
Q.25
tion Q8) Statement 1: Centrosomes and centrioles are related to each other. Statement 2: Centrosome usually contains two cylindrical structures called centrioles.
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a) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true and statement - 2 is the correct explanation of statement - 1.
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b) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true but statement - 2 is not the correct explanation of statement - 1.
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c) Statement -1 is true and statement - 2 is false.
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d) Statement -1 is false and statement - 2 is true.
Explanation
Before a cell divides, the centrosome is made up of two centrioles inside a mass of cell material containing about 100 different proteins. Answer:(a)
Q.26
tion Q9) Correctly arranged sequence of Gram staining in bacteria: (i) Treated with alcohol. (ii) Excess stain washed with water. (iii) Stain with crystal violet dye. (iv) 0.5% iodine solution added.
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a) (ii) → (iii) → (iv) → (i).
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b) (iii) → (i) → (ii) → (iv).
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c) (i) → (ii) → (iii) → (iv).
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d) (iii) → (ii) → (iv) → (i).
Explanation
There are six basic steps of Gram staining in bacteria 1. Apply a smear of bacteria on to a slide. Air dry and then heat fix by passing it through a flame a few times. Make sure you air dry the bacteria before heat fixing. 2. Add about 5 drops of Hucker’s Crystal Violet to the culture. Let stand for one minute. Bacteria will stain purple. Wash briefly with water and shake off excess. (iii) and (ii) In List 3. Add about 5 drops of iodine solution to the culture. Let stand for 30 seconds, wash briefly with water and shake off excess. (iv) in list 4. Tilt slide and decolorize with solvent (acetone-alcohol solution) until purple color stops running. Be careful not to over-decolorize. Wash immediately (within 5 seconds) with water and shake off excess. (i) in List 5. Add about 5 drops of Safranine O. Let stand for one minute, wash briefly with water and shake off excess. 6. Examine under microscope at both 400x and 1,000x oil immersion. Answer:(d)
Q.27
Which of the following is wrongly matched?
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a) Mitochondria - Kolliker.
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b) Nucleolus - Robert Brown.
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c) Lysosome - De duve.
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d) Microtubule - Robertis and Franchi.
Explanation
Mitochondria" was coined by Carl Benda Option ‘a’ wrongly matched The term nucleolus was coined by Bowman Christian de Duve, discovered lysosomes. Microtubules discovered by De Robertis and Franchi Answer:(b)
Q.28
ion Q11) Select the mismatch regarding the membrane stabilising molecules:
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a) Animal cell - Cholesterol.
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b) Plant cell - Lecithin.
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c) Bacterial cell - Hopanoids.
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d) Fungal cell - Ergo sterol.
Explanation
Cholesterol functions to immobilise the outer surface of the membrane, reducing fluidity. It makes the membrane less permeable to very small water-soluble molecules that would otherwise freely cross. option (a) correct match The cell wall is a tough, usually flexible but fairly rigid layer that surrounds the plant cells. It is located just outside the cell membrane and it provides the cells with structural support and protection. Lecithin describes a group of fatty substances found in plant and animal tissues. Lecithin is essential for proper biological function.option (b) mismatch Hopanoids are amphipathic components of bacterial cell membranes and maintain membrane stability by increasing rigidity in the lipid matrixoption (c) correct match Ergosterol is a sterol that resides on the cell membranes of fungi and acts to maintain cell membrane integrity, similar to mammalian cholesterol.option (d) correct maths Answer:(b)
Q.29
ion Q12) How many of the following statements are false: (i) Pericentriolar material acts as nucleating centre for the growth of microtubules during astral formation. (ii) Formation of new centriole is associated by Massulae. (iii) Paired centrioles along with centrospheres comprise the centrosome. (iv) Centrosomes are found in lower plant cells.
0%
a) One.
0%
b) Two.
0%
c) Three.
0%
d) Four
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.30
ion Q13) Assertion: Endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in origin of plasmodesmata. Reason: Plasmodesmata are cytoplasmic strands through which one cell communicates with the other.
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential component of plasmodesmata, the membrane-lined pores that interconnect plant cells. The desmotubule which traverses the centre of a plasmodesma is formed from, and continuous with, the cortical ER. The desmotubule, also known as the appressed ER, forms alongside the cortical ER Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Answer:(a)
Q.31
ion Q16) The endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell does not include:
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a) Endoplasmic reticulum.
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b) Lysosomes.
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c) Vacuole.
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d) Peroxisomes.
Explanation
peroxisomes—unlike lysosomes—are not part of the endomembrane system. That means they don't receive vesicles from the Golgi apparatus Answer:(d)
Q.32
ion Q17) Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids?
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a) Circular structure.
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b) Transferable.
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c) Single-stranded.
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d) Independent replication.
Explanation
A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded extrachromosomal DNA. Answer:(c)
Q.33
If a biochemical analysis of mitochondria LIAS to be done, the best procedure would be:
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a) Select cells which have a larger number of mitochondria.
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b) Plasmolyse the cell and filter out the mixture and take the debris.
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c) Grind the cells and filter out the mixture and take the debris.
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d) Subject the cell to cell fractionation (centrifuge) and obtain mitochondria.
Explanation
Centrifugation separates the cell organelles on the basis of their sedimentation coefficient and can be used to obtain mitochondria for biochemical analysis. Answer:(d)
Q.34
ion Q19) Which structure possess flagellin protein?
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a) Muscles fiber
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b) Flagellum
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c) Pilli
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d) a,b,c-all
Explanation
Flagellin is a globular protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in a bacterial flagellum. Answer:(b)
Q.35
ion Q20) Who mentioned that cells had a thin layer around them?
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a) Schwann
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b) Virchow
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c) Schleiden
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d) Robert Hook
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.36
ion Q21) (A) Nucleolus and ribosome are non membrane organelle. (R) Nucleolus and ribosome are associated with different functions
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a) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are true and reason (B) is correct explanation of the assertion A.
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b) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are true but reason B is not a correct explanation of the assertion (A)
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c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (B) is false.
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d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason B is true.
Explanation
The nucleolus is the distinct structure present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nucleolus It is mainly involved in assembling the ribosomes, modification of transfer RNA and sensing cellular stress. Therefore (R) is false Answer:(c)
Q.37
ion Q22) Microfilaments are ________ .
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a) Structure connects cytoplasm of two near by cells
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b) Locomotive structure
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c) Structure joints nucleus and cytoplasm
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d) Lignified layers between two cells.
Explanation
Microfilament functions include cytokinesis, amoeboid movement, cell motility, changes in cell shape, endocytosis and exocytosis, cell contractility, and mechanical stability. Answer:(a)
Q.38
ion Q23) The Organelle, which is related with production of ATP is ________ .
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a) Mitochondria
0%
b) Ribosomes
0%
c) Golgi apparatus
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d) Endo plasmic reticulum
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.39
ion Q24) Zone of exclusion an area of clear cytoplasm without glycogen and other cell organelles; this is associated with which organelle:
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a) Golgi apparatus.
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b) Lysosomes.
0%
c) Peroxisomes.
0%
d) Mitochondria.
Explanation
The Golgi apparatus of plant cells consists of about 10-20 individual subunits that found scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Each individual subunit is called a dictyosome or Golgi body or Golgi stack. The zone of clear cytoplasm surrounding a Golgi body is called zone of exclusion Answer:(a)
Q.40
ion Q25) Which is not a compartment of the cell?
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a) Nucleus.
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b) Centrioles.
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c) Mitochondria.
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d) Chloroplast.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.41
ion Q26) The cell theory was given in year 1839 by Schleiden and Schwann. According to this theory all organisms are composed of cell and cells are the basic unit of life. How did this theory help in the field of science?
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a) It helped to study the working of cells.
0%
b) It helped in curing diseases caused by cell.
0%
c) It helped in restating the earlier theories on cell.
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d) It helped in introducing the use of microscopes to study cell.
Explanation
Theodor Schwann in 1839, who viewed live cells in plant and animal tissue, respectively. 19 years later, Rudolf Virchow further contributed to the cell theory, adding that all cells come from the division of pre-existing cells. Now study of cell is called Cell biology is a branch of biology studying the structure and function of the cell, also known as the basic unit of life. Answer:(a)
Q.42
ion Q27) The main organelle involved in modification and routing of newly synthesized proteins to their destinations is:
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a) Chloroplast.
0%
b) Mitochondria.
0%
c) Lysosome.
0%
d) Endoplasmic reticulum.
Explanation
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins Answer:(d)
Q.43
ion Q28) Which of the following is absent in prokaryotes?
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a) DNA.
0%
b) RNA.
0%
c) Plasma membrane.
0%
d) Mitochondria.
Explanation
prokaryotes have no nucleus; instead their genetic material is free-floating within the cell. They also lack the many membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Thus, prokaryotes have no mitochondria Answer:(d)
Q.44
ion Q29) Identify the components labelled as A, B, C, D and E in the diagram given below from the list (i) to (viii). (i) Cristae of mitochondria. (ii) Inner membrane of mitochondria. (iii) Cytoplasm. (iv) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (v) Rough endoplasmic reticulum. (vi) Mitochondrial matrix. (vii) Ribosome. (viii) Nucleus.
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a) A - (viii), B - (v), C - (vii), D - (iii), E - (iv)
0%
b) A - (i), B - (iv), C - (vii), D - (vi), E - (iii)
0%
c) A - (vi), B - (v), C - (iv), D - (vii), E - (i)
0%
d) A - (v), B - (i), C - (iii), D - (ii), E - (iv).
Explanation
Answer:(a)
Q.45
ion Q30) Active transport differs from passive transport in that active transport:
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a) Requires energy.
0%
b) Always requires input of ATP.
0%
c) Moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
0%
d) All of the above.
Explanation
Basis of comparison
Active transport
Passive
Meaning
The movement of molecules across the cell membrane, pumping the molecules against the concentration gradient The movement of molecules across the cell membrane, pumping the molecules against the concentration gradient using ATP (energy) is called as Active transport.
The movement of molecules within and across the cell membrane and thus transporting it through the concentration gradient, without using ATP (energy) is called as
Movement of molecules
The movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration, that means they move against the concentration gradient. It is the rapid process, which occurs in one direction.
The movement of molecules is from low concentration to high concentration, which means they move along the concentration gradient. It is a slow and bidirectional process
Type of molecules which are transported
Macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrate (sugars), lipids, large cell are few of the materials which are transported by this way.
Oxygen, monosaccharides, water, carbon dioxide, lipids are the few soluble materials which are being transported through this way.
ATP (energy) requirement
There is the required energy, which is in the form of ATP
No energy is required.
Types
Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Proton pumps and Sodium potassium pumps.
Osmosis and Diffusion.
Function
Though the function of both types of transport is to carry ions and molecules, separately active transport is used to carry through the cell membrane.
It is used to maintain the equilibrium, within and outside the cell of nutrients, water and gases, etc.
Answer:(d)
Q.46
ion Q31) Choose the incorrect match.
0%
a) Nucleus - RNA.
0%
b) Lysosome - Protein synthesis.
0%
c) Mitochondria - Respiration.
0%
d) Cytoskeleton - Microtubules.
Explanation
Lysosomes digest many complex molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which the cell Answer:(b)
Q.47
ion Q32) With regarding to plant cell wall, hemicelluloses maximum is found in:
0%
a) Tertiary wall.
0%
b) Secondary wall.
0%
c) Primary wall.
0%
d) Equal amount in all the three layers of cell wall.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.48
ion Q33) Protein synthesis in an animal cell occurs:
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a) On ribosomes present in cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria.
0%
b) On ribosomes present in the nucleolus as well as in cytoplasm.
0%
c) Only on ribosomes attached to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum.
0%
d) Only on the ribosomes present in cytosol.
Explanation
Protein synthesis is a complex process, it essentially involves DNA for the synthesis of mRNA (transcription) which contains information for the synthesis of proteins (translation). The process of translation takes place on ribosomes which are found in cytoplasm (in attached form on ER) and in mitochondria (in the free form). Answer:(a)
Q.49
ion Q34) Assertion: Ribosomal proteins and RNA polymerase of Eubacteria are different from eukaryotes. Reason: Ribosomal proteins and RNA polymerase of Archaebacteria are similar to eukaryotes.
0%
a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
0%
b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
0%
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
0%
d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.50
ion Q35) Mitochondria were first observed in striated muscle cells by:
0%
a) Benda.
0%
b) Kolliker.
0%
c) Altmann.
0%
d) Robert Hooke.
Explanation
Mitochondria, often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell”, were first discovered in 1857 by physiologist Albert von Kolliker, and later coined “bioblasts” (life germs) by Richard Altman in 1886. The organelles were then renamed “mitochondria” by Carl Benda twelve years later Answer:(b)
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