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Quiz 8
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Q.1
A cell organelle with folded inner membrane is disrupted with ultrasonic breaker. Its fragments can synthesise ATO. The organelle is ... ... [ CPMT 1990 ]
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a) Ribosome
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b) Centrosome
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c) Chloroplast
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d) Mitochondrion
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.2
Desmosome is modification of ... ... [ MPPMT 2004 ]
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a) E.R. - nucleus complex
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b) E.R.
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c) Golgi complex
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d) Plasma membrane
Explanation
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that provide strong adhesion between cells. Because they also link intracellularly to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton they form the adhesive bonds in a network that gives mechanical strength to tissues. Answer : (d)
Q.3
Raphides are formed of ... ... [ KCET 1999 ]
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a) Calcium oxalate
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b) Calcium carbonate
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c) Sodium chloride
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d) Sodium carbonate
Explanation
Raphid: a needle-shaped crystal of calcium oxalate occurring in clusters within the tissues of certain plants. Answer : (a)
Q.4
Prokaryotic ribosomes are ... ... [ HPPMT 2012 ]
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a) 50 S
0%
b) 60 S
0%
c) 70 S
0%
d) 80 C
Explanation
All prokaryotes have 70S (where S=Svedberg units) ribosomes The 70S ribosome is made up of a 50S and 30S subunits. The 50S subunit contains the 23S and 5S rRNA while the 30S subunit contains the 16S rRNA. Answer : (c)
Q.5
Letter S in the structural unit of ribosome denotes ... ... [ Manipal 1997 ]
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a) Concentration unit
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b) Svedberg unit
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c) Polymerisation unit
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d) Stability unit
Explanation
S=Svedberg units The svedberg is the most important measure used to distinguish ribosomes. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunits, which read the RNA, and the large subunits, which join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain Answer : (b)
Q.6
Lampbrush chromosomes are observed in ... ... [ CBSE 1996 ]
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a) Meiotic metaphase
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b) Mitotic metaphase
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c) Mitotic prophase
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d) Meiotic prophase
Explanation
Lampbrush chromosomes are a special form of chromosome found in the growing oocytes (immature eggs) of most animals, Chromosomes transform into the lampbrush form during the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase I due to an active transcription of many genes. Answer : (d)
Q.7
Gel part below the plasma membrane is .... ..... [ Pb PMT 2003]
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a) Ectoplasm
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b) Endoplasm
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c) Plasmalemma
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Ectoplasm: the more viscous, clear outer layer of the cytoplasm in amoeboid cells. Endoplasm: the more fluid, granular inner layer of the cytoplasm in amoeboid cells. Plasmalemma: a plasma membrane which bounds a cell, especially one immediately within the wall of a plant cell. Answer : (a)
Q.8
Which of the following is present in lysosome? [ DPMT 2007 ]
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a) Basic phosphatase
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b) Acid phosphatase
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c) Oxido-reductase
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d) Lyase
Explanation
Acid phosphatase is stored in lysosomes Answer : (b)
Q.9
An element present in middle lamella is ... ... [ AMU 2005 ]
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a) Calcium
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b) Potassium
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c) Sodium
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d) Iron
Explanation
Middle lamella is a pectin layer and is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates. Its function is to strengthen the cell wall of two adjoining cells. Main element present in the middle lamella is Calcium Answer : (a)
Q.10
Which one of the following structures between two adjacent cells is an effective transport pathway .... .... [ CBSE 2010 ]
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a) Plastoquinones
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b) Endoplasmic reticulum
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c) Plasmalemma
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d) Plasmodesmata
Explanation
Plasmodesmata is a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them. Answer : (d)
Q.11
Organelle connected with lipid synthesis is ... ... [ RPMT 2002 ]
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a) Ribosome
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b) SER
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c) Golgi apparatus
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d) All the above
Explanation
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and the modification of proteins Answer : (b)
Q.12
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in possessing ... ... [ manipur 2007 ]
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a) Chromatin
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b) True nucleus
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c) Protoplasm
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d) Chromatin reticulum
Explanation
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA Answer : (b)
Q.13
Ribosomes of bacteria mitochondria and chloroplasts are of ... ... [ BHU 1996 ]
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a) 50 S type
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b) 80 S type
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c) 70 S type
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d) 30 S type
Explanation
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts both have 70s Ribosome, since they are evolved from prokaryotic bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with the cell. Answer : (c)
Q.14
Important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is ... ... [ CBSE 2011 ]
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a) Lysosome
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b) Plastid
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c) Golgi apparatus
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d) Vacuole
Explanation
Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids Glycoproteins are simply proteins with a sugar attached to them. The sugars can be attached to a protein in two locations in the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum, which produces N-linked sugars, and the Golgi apparatus, which produces O-linked sugars. Glycolipids are synthesized in the golgi-apparatus where the majority are transported to membranes to maintain the bilayer Answer : (c)
Q.15
In plant cell, the vacuole .... ... [ CBSE 2008 ]
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a) Contains air and lacks membrane
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b) Contains water and excretory substances but lacks membrane
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c) Contains storage protein and lipid and is membrane bound
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d) Is membrane bound, contains water and excretory substances
Explanation
The vacuoles of plant cells are bounded by a single semipermeable membrane known as tonoplast. These vacuoles contain water, phenol, flavonols, anthocyanins, alkaloids and storage products such as sugars and proteins. The vacuoles of animal cells are bounded by a lipoproteinaceous membrane and their function is storage, transmission of materials and maintenance of internal pressure of cell. So correct option is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances Answer : (d)
Q.16
Who proposed that cell is a unit of life and that a tissue is made of cells? ... [ Har. PMT 1997 ]
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a) Schleiden
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b) Schwann
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c) Dutrochet
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d) Steward
Explanation
Schleiden was the botanist who examined a large number of plants and observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of the plant, Answer : (a)
Q.17
The term chromosome was coined by ... ... [ CET Chd. 2003 ]
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a) Hofmeister
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b) Strasburger
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c) Waldeyer
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d) Laemmli
Explanation
The term "chromosome" was first suggested in 1888 by the German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836–1921). Answer : (c)
Q.18
The term lipochondria was suggested for .... ... [ MPPMT 2011 ]
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a) mitochondria
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b) Golgi complex
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c) ER
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d) All the above
Explanation
Temporary storage vacuoles of lipids found in the Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus also called Lipochondria or Dalton complex or dictyosomes. Answer : (c)
Q.19
Mitochondrial cristae are sites of ... ... [ CBSE 1994 ]
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a) Breakdown of macromolecules
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b) Protein synthesis
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c) Phosphorylation of flavoproteins
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d) Oxidation - reduction reactions
Explanation
Mitochondrial cristae acts as sites for oxidation-reduction reaction. Cristae are folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis take place on this membrane as part of cellular respiration to create ATP. Answer : (d)
Q.20
Energy made available in catabolic reactions is immediately stored in ... ... [ CPMT 1991]
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a) Glucose
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b) NADH
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c) ATP
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d) DNA
Explanation
Energy made available in catabolic reactions is immediately stored in ATP Answer : (c)
Q.21
The name mitochondria was given by ... ... [ BHU 1997 ]
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a) Kolliker
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b) Benda
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c) Fleming
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d) Altman
Explanation
Mitochondria, often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell”, were first discovered in 1857 by physiologist Albert von Kolliker, and later coined “bioblasts” (life germs) by Richard Altman in 1886. The organelles were then renamed “mitochondria” by Carl Benda twelve years later. Answer : (b)
Q.22
Cell organelle present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is ... .. [ AFMC 2012]
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a) Ribosome
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b) E.R.
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c) Mitochondria
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d) Nucleus
Explanation
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures in common. All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma membrane, or cell membrane, is the phospholipid layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment. Answer : (a)
Q.23
Ribosomes were first seen by ... ... [CPMT 1990 ]
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a) Claude
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b) Porter
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c) Palade
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d) Brown
Explanation
Ribosomes were first observed in the mid-1950s by Romanian-American cell biologist George Emil Palade, using an electron microscope, as dense particles or granules. Answer : (c)
Q.24
Glucose is stored as glycogen in .... .... [ ADMC 2011 ]
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a) Pancreas
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b) Bone
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c) Kidney
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d) Liver
Explanation
Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver and the muscles and provides the body with a readily available source of energy if blood glucose levels decrease. Answer : (d)
Q.25
Export house/ firm of cell is ... .. [ AMU 1997 ]
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a) E.R.
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b) Golgi body
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c) Nucleus
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d) Lysosome
Explanation
The Golgi body present in the cytoplasm of most of the eukaryotic cells is the organelle called as the export house of the cells, because it can store packs and easily dispatch or secrete the necessary substances synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum effectively for different purposes. Answer : (b)
Q.26
Protoplast does not include ... ... [ EAMCET 2002 ]
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a) Plasma membrane
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b) Cell wall
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c) Nucleus
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d) Cytoplasm
Explanation
Protoplast, is a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall. Answer : (b)
Q.27
Experiments to demonstrate importance of nucleus in controlling growth and heredity were performed on .... .... [ kerala 2003 ]
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a) Acetabularia
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b) Neurospora
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c) Leucocytes
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d) Starfish egg
Explanation
Hammerling's nucleocytoplasmic experiments state that the cytoplasm is the centre for all the metabolic activities in the cell and the nucleus is the controlling centre. This experiment was conducted using Acetabularia. Acetabularia is a genus unicellular or single-celled green algae belonging to the family Polyphysaceae which are found in subtropical waters. They are gigantic in size and complex in form, therefore, used in experiments in cell biology. So, the correct answer is ' Acetabularia'. Answer : (a)
Q.28
Organelle having flattened membrane bound cisternae and lying near the nucleus is ... ... [ CBSE 1994 ]
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a) Golgi apparatus
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b) Mitochondrion
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c) Centriole
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d) Nucleolus
Explanation
Golgi body or dictyosome has a stack of single membrane bound cisternae with swollen ends, network of tubules and vesicles Cisternae are parallel membrane lined narrow sacs which are interconnected. Golgi body has two faces- concave or distal or maturing (M) face or trans face towards cell membrane and cis or convex or proximal or forming (F) face towards rough ER and nuclear membrane New cistemae are formed from SER and added from F-face Answer : (a)
Q.29
In which type of chromosome, one arm is very long and one arm is very short ... ... [ HPPMT 2012 ]
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a) Acrocentric
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b) Metacentric
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c) Submetacentric
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d) telocentric
Explanation
Telocentric: Centromere placement very close to the top, p arms barely visible if visible at all. Acrocentric: q arms are still much longer than the p arms, but the p arms are longer than those in telocentric. Submetacentric: p and q arms are very close in length but not equal Metacentric: p and q arms are equal in length. Answer : (a)
Q.30
Active transport of ions by a cell requires .... ..... [MPPMT 2002 ]
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a) High temperature
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b) Low temperature
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c) Alkaline pH
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d) ATP
Explanation
The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy. It involves an enzyme referred to as Na+/K+ -ATPase Answer : (d)
Q.31
Hammerling's experiments on Acetabularia involved exchanging ... ... [ CBSE 1990 ]
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a) Cytoplasm
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b) Nucleus
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c) Rhizoid and stalk
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d) Gametes
Explanation
Hammerling's nucleocytoplasmic experiments state that the cytoplasm is the centre for all the metabolic activities in the cell and the nucleus is the controlling centre Answer : (b)
Q.32
The long and short arm of chromosomes are designated respectively as ... .... [ DPMT 2010 ]
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a) p and q
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b) q and p
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c) α and β
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d) m and p
Explanation
Answer : (b)
Q.33
Longest cells in human body are ... ... [ MPPMT 1998 ]
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a) Nerve cells
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b) Bone cells
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c) Leg muscle cell
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d) Heart muscle cells
Explanation
The longest cell in the human body is the neuron. The cell body of a motor neuron is approximately 100 microns (0.1 millimeter) in diameter and as you now know, the axon is about 1 meter (1,000 millimeter) in length. So, the axon of a motor neuron is 10,000 times as long as the cell body is wide. Answer : (a)
Q.34
Most abundant water insoluble polysaccharide of plant cell wall is ... ... [ Odisha 2003 ]
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a) Hemicellulose
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b) Cellulose
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c) Pectin
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d) Lignin
Explanation
Cellulose is a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as fibre. Answer : (b)
Q.35
Which one is present on chromosome? ... ... [ RPMT 1996 ]
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a) Centromere
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b) Centrosome
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c) Nucleus
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d) Golgi body
Explanation
The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids Answer : (a)
Q.36
Cell theory was propounded by ... ... [ AIIMS 2011]
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a) A botanist
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b) A zoologist
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c) Both a botanist and a zoologist
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d) A psychologist
Explanation
Late 1830s, botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues and proposed the unified cell theory. Answer : (c)
Q.37
Cytoskeleton is formed of ... .... [ CBSE 2009 ]
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a) Callose deposits
0%
b) Cellulose microfibrils
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c) Calcium carbonate granules
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d) Proteinaceous filaments
Explanation
The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts. In addition, they provide a basis for movement and cell division. Answer : (d)
Q.38
Centrioles occur in ... ... [ AMU 1998 ]
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a) Centrosomes
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b) Centromeres
0%
c) Chromosomes
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d) Spindle fibres
Explanation
In animal cells centrioles are located in, and form part of, the centrosome where they are paired structures lying at right angles to one another Answer : (a)
Q.39
Adjacent cells are interconnected by ... ... [ AMU 2005 ]
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a) Vacuoles
0%
b) E.R.
0%
c) Desmosomes
0%
d) Mitochondria
Explanation
Desmosomes connect adjacent cells when cadherins in the plasma membrane connect to intermediate filaments. Gap junctions are channels between adjacent cells that allow for the transport of ions, nutrients, and other substances. Answer : (c)
Q.40
A plant cell has potential to develop into full plant. the property is called ... ... [ AIIMS 1998 ]
0%
a) Tissue culture
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b) Pluripotency
0%
c) Totipotency
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d) Gene cloning
Explanation
A plant cell has a potential to develop into the full plant. This property of the plant cell is called as totipotency. The basis of tissue culture is to grow a large number of cells in a sterile controlled environ-ment. The cells are obtained from the stem, root or other plant parts and are allowed to grow in culture medium containing mineral nutrients, vi¬tamins and hormones to encourage cell division and growth. As a result, the cells in culture will produce an unorganised proliferative mass of cells which is known as callus tissue. Answer : (c)
Q.41
Which does not occur in the cells of higher plants.. ... [ AMU 1998 ]
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a) Spindle
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b) Centriole
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c) Centromere
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d) Cell plate
Explanation
Centrioles are absent from the cells of higher plants. Answer : (b)
Q.42
Centrosome is absent in ... ... [ CPMT 2007 ]
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a) Cells of higher plants
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b) Cells of lower plants
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c) Cells of higher animals
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d) Cells of lower animals
Explanation
Centrosomes and lysosomes are found in animal cells, but do not exist within plant cells. Answer : (a)
Q.43
Meta chromosome with medial centromere and equal arms is ... ... [ AMU 19999 ]
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a) Telocentric
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b) Acrocentric
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c) Metacentric
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d) Submetacentric
Explanation
A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter I. An acrocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre (medial) so that the two arms are equal. A submetacentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located near the slightly away from the centre and the two arms are slightly unequal in length and form L-shape So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric'. Answer : (c)
Q.44
Protein associated with nucleic acid is ... ... [ kerala 2002 ]
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a) Histone
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b) Globulin
0%
c) Albumin
0%
d) Scleroprotein
Explanation
The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA. Histones are highly basic proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that pack and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes Answer : (a)
Q.45
Which one is a carbohydrate ... ... [ CMC 1992 ]
0%
a) Glycerol
0%
b) Maltase
0%
c) Sucrose
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
Glycerol is a simple trihydric alcohol. Maltase, enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to the simple sugar glucose. The principal dietary carbohydrates are sugars and complex carbohydrates. The sugars include monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, and disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar), maltose, and lactose (milk sugar). Answer : (c)
Q.46
Lysosomes are so called as they have ... ... [ AMU 1998 ]
0%
a) Oxidising enzymes
0%
b) Digestive enzymes
0%
c) Respiratory enzymes
0%
d) Carboxylating enzymes
Explanation
lysosome. ly•so•some. a particle in the cytoplasm of cells containing a number of digestive enzymes capable of breaking down most of the constituents of living matter. Origin of lysosome. lyso-, pertaining to dissolving from Classical Greek lysis (see lysis) + -some Answer : (b)
Q.47
Structures called beads on string are ... ..... [ CBSE 2011 ]
0%
a) Nucleosomes
0%
b) Base pairs
0%
c) Genes
0%
d) Nucleotides
Explanation
DNA wraps around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes and the so-called "beads on a string" structure (euchromatin). Multiple histones wrap into a 30-nanometer fibre consisting of nucleosome arrays in their most compact form Answer : (a)
Q.48
inner membrane of mitochondria possesses .... ... [ JKCMEE 1999 ]
0%
a) F0 - F1 particles
0%
b) ATP-ase
0%
c) TCA enzyme
0%
d) All the above
Explanation
The inner mitochondrial membrane contains many copies of a protein called the F0-F1, ATPase. Enzymes of the citric acid cycle such as succinic dehydrogenase and Isocitrate dehydrogenase are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Or TCA enzyme Answer : (d)
Q.49
Messenger RNA is formed in ... ... [ CPMT 2005 ]
0%
a) Nucleus
0%
b) E.R.
0%
c) Ribosomes
0%
d) Golgi apparatus
Explanation
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized in the nucleus using the nucleotide sequence of DNA as a template. Answer : (a)
Q.50
ATP is required for ... ... [ BHU 2007 ]
0%
a) Active process
0%
b) Passive process
0%
c) All types of processes
0%
d) None of the above
Explanation
ATP is required for Active process During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport. Answer : (a)
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