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Q.1
In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements is correct? [NEET 2020]
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a) Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and same
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b) There is no relationship between Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity
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c) Gross primary productivity is always less than net primary productivity
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d) Gross primary productivity is always more than net primary productivity
Explanation
Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis. A considerable amount of GPP is utilised by plants in respiration. Gross primary productivity minus respiration losses (R), is the net primary productivity (NPP). GPP – R = NPP Answer : (d)
Q.2
Which of the following is the most important cause for animals and plants being driven to extinction? [NEET 2019]
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a) Habitat loss and fragmentation
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b) Drought and floods
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c) Economic exploitation
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d) Alien species invasion
Explanation
Habitat loss and fragmentation is the most important cause driving animals and plants to extinction. Answer : (a)
Q.3
Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally inverted? [NEET 2019]
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a) Pyramid of numbers in grassland
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b) Pyramid of energy
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c) Pyramid of biomass in a forest
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d) Pyramid of biomass in a sea
Explanation
In an aquatic ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is generally inverted. Answer : (a)
Q.4
What type of ecological pyramid would be obtained with the following data ? Secondary consumer : 120 g Primary consumer : 60 g Primary producer : 10 g [NEET 2018]
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a) Upright pyramid of numbers
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b) Pyramid of energy
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c) Inverted pyramid of biomass
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d) Upright pyramid of biomass
Explanation
Primary poducer biomass is less than primary consumer which is further less than secondary consumer. Thus pyramid of biomass is inverted. Answer : (c)
Q.5
Which one is the correct food chain? .... .... [A.I.I.M.S.1996]
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a) Eagle → snake → grasshopper → grass → frog
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b) Frog → snake → eagle → grasshopper → grass
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c) Grasshopper → grass → snake → frog → eagle
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d) Grass → grasshopper → frog → snake → eagle
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.6
Match the trophic levels with their correct species examples in grassland ecosystem. .... .. [NEET 2020] Select the correct option
(a) Fourth trophic level
(i) Crow
(b) Second trophic level
(ii) Vulture
(c) First trophic level
(iii) Rabbit
(d) Third trophic level
(iv) Grass
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a) a → iv; b → iii; c → ii; d → i;
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b) a → i; b → ii; c → iii; d → iv;
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c) a → ii; b → iii; c → iv; d → i;
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d) a → iii; b → ii; c → i; d → iv;
Explanation
First trophic level (producer)
grass
Second trophic level (primary consumer)
Rabbit
Third trophic level (secondary consumer)
crow
Fourth trophic level (tertiary consumer)
Vulture
Answer : (c)
Q.7
Wildlife is destroyed most when .... .... [C.B.S. E. 1994]
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a) There is lack of proper care
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b) Mass scale hunting for foreign trade
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c) Its natural habitat is destroyed
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d) Natural calamity
Explanation
The four most general reasons that lead to destruction of wildlife include overkill, habitat destruction and fragmentation, impact of introduced species and chains of extinction. Answer : (c)
Q.8
Maximum human population can be supported if all the humans are .... .... [C.P.M.T.1981]
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a) Carnivores
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b) Pure vegetarian
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c) Vegetarian along with use of milk
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d) Vegetarian alongwith use of milk and eggs
Explanation
Biomass of primary producers is larger and abudant. If people follow vegetarian food lifestyle along with milk, it can support the population Answer : (c)
Q.9
ASSERTION: A network of food chains existing together in an ecosystem is known as a food web. REASON: An animal like kite cannot be part of a food web` A.I.I.M.S.2006
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
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b) The Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
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c) Assertion is true but, Reason is false
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d) Assertion is false but, Reason is true
Explanation
A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Kite is a carnivorous bird, it eats on fishes, rabbits, snakes, rate and so on. In a food web, it occupies a specific position because it controls the population of lower carnivores and herbivores. Reason is false. Answer : (c)
Q.10
Dominant plants of cold desert are .... .... [Guj .C.E.T. 2007]
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a) Tall trees and herbaceous plants
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b) Low stature shrubs and herbaceous plants
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c) Shrubs and small trees
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d) Low stature shrubs and perennial grasses
Explanation
Dominant plants of cold desert are low stature shrubs and herbaceous plants. The plants found in cold desert are algae, grasses, plants with spiny thin leaves. Spiny leaves reduce the rate of evaporation in cold desert. Answer : (b)
Q.11
If all the plants are to die, all the animals will also die due to deficiency of .... .... [A.F.M.C.1989]
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a) Food
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b) Carbon dioxide
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c) Oxygen
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d) Timber
Explanation
Plants are producers i.e., they produce food from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight. All the animal rely on plants for food as they cannot produce food and are called consumers. Answer : (a)
Q.12
Each successive trophic level has .... ..... [B.H.U.2002]
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a) Less total energy
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b) More total energy
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c) Increased total energy
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d) Non- estimated energy contents
Explanation
The amount of energy decreases at successive trophic levels. Pyramid of energy is always upright, can never be inverted, because when energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step. Answer : (a)
Q.13
Sunderbans contain mainly .... .... [Har.PM.T. 2005]
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a) Alpine trees
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b) Mangrove plants
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c) Grass
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d) Fir forests
Explanation
The Sundarbans mangrove forest, a world heritage site, is one of the largest single chunks of mangrove forests in the world (140,000 ha). Answer : (b)
Q.14
It is not a protected forest .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2008]
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a) Reserve forest
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b)Sanctuary
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c) Core of biosphere
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d) Orchard
Explanation
A reserved forest (also called a reserve forest) and protected forest in India are forests accorded a certain degree of protection. Biosphere reserves They are multipurpose protected areas which are meant for preserving genetic diversity in representative ecosystems. Core or Natural zone: No human activity is allowed. The area is undisturbed and legally protected ecosystem. An orchard is an intentional plantation of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit- or nut-producing trees which are generally grown for commercial production. These are not a protected forests. Answer : (d)
Q.15
In grassland ecosystem, the number of primary producers is about 6 million. The number of top carnivore supported by it would be .... ..... [A.M.U.2009]
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a) 60 million
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b) 30 million
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c) 6 million
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d) 3
Explanation
Pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem. Only three top-carnivores are supported in an ecosystem based on production of nearly 6 millions plants. Answer : (d)
Q.16
Energy transfer from organisms to organism in a natural community develops .... .... [M.P.P.M.T.1999]
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a) Biological control
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b) Food chain
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c) Natural barriers
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d) Food web
Explanation
Starting from the plants (or producers) food chains or rather webs are formed such that an animal feeds on a plant or on another animal and in turn is food for another. The chain or web is formed because of this interdependency. No energy that is trapped into an organism remains in it for ever. The energy trapped by the producer, hence, is either passed on to a consumer or the organism dies. Death of organism is the beginning of the detritus food chain/web Answer : (b)
Q.17
Biomass produced by plants in oceans accounts for .... .... [A.M.U. 1992]
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a) 85%
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b) 75%
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c) 65%
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d) 55%
Explanation
The pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes far exceeds that of phytoplankton biomass of primary producers is less as ocean's primary producers are tiny phytoplankton that grow and reproduce rapidly, so a small mass can have a fast rate of primary production. In contrast, terrestrial primary producers grow and reproduce slowly. Answer : (a)
Q.18
Phytoplankton are dominant in .... .... [D.P.M.T.2007]
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a) Limnetic zone
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b) Profundal zone
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c) Littoral zone
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d) Benthic zone
Explanation
The limnetic zone is the open and well-lit area of a freestanding body of freshwater, such as a lake or pond. Unlike the profundal zone, the limnetic zone is the layer that receives sufficient sunlight, allowing for photosynthesis. For this reason, it is often simply referred to as the photic zone. Phytoplankton live in the photic zone of the ocean, where photosynthesis is possible. During photosynthesis, they assimilate carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Answer : (a)
Q.19
Antimalarial drug quinine is got from Manipur 2009
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a) Bark of Cinchona
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b) Root of Cycas
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c) Stem of Mango
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d) None
Explanation
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. Quinine was first isolated in 1820 from the bark of a cinchona tree, which is native to Peru. Answer : (a)
Q.20
Forest which is never leafless .... .... [Guj.C.E.T. 2010]
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a) Tropical deciduous forest
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b) Tropical forest
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c) Temperate deciduous forest
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d) Temperate forest
Explanation
Tropical forests are forested landscapes in tropical regions: i.e. land areas approximately bounded by the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn. They are never leafless. Answer : (b)
Q.21
An organisms contains carbon molecules which have passed through three levels of ecosystem, the organisms is .... .... [Odisha 2008]
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a) Priamry consumer
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b) Secondary consumer
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c) Producer
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d) Tertiary consumer
Explanation
Producer is first level, primary consumer is second and secondary consumer is third level. After passing through these three level, organism have to be tertiary consumer. Answer : (d)
Q.22
Ecological efficiency is .... .... [Kerala 2009]
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a) Food primary assimilated/food energy ingested × 100
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b) Gross primary productivity/ incident total solar radiation × 100
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c) Volume of CO2 evolved/volume of O2 consumed
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d) Energy in biomass production at a trophic level/energy in biomass production at previous trophic level × 100
Explanation
Ecological efficiency describes the efficiency with which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. [Ecological efficiency is defined as the energy supply available to trophic level N + 1, divided by the energy consumed by trophic level N] * 100 Answer : (d)
Q.23
Lime is added to soil which is .... .... [D.P.M.T. 2009]
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a) Sandy
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b) Alkaline
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c) Acidic
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d) Salty
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.24
Land mass occupied by forest is about .... .... [C.B.S.E. 1999]
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a) 11%
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b) 22%
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c) 30%
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d) 60%
Explanation
Forests cover almost 4 thousand million ha in the world in 2015, which correspond to 31% of the terrestrial land of the earth. Answer : (c)
Q.25
In nitrification ammonia is first oxidized to nitrite by .... .... [H.P.P.M.T. 2010]
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a) Nitrosomonas and nitrosococcus
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b) Nitrosomonas and nitrobacter
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c) Pseudomonas and nitrosococus
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d) Pseudomonas and thiobacillus
Explanation
The nitrification process requires the mediation of two distinct groups: bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrites (Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosococcus, and Nitrosolobus) and bacteria that convert nitrites (toxic to plants) to nitrates (Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, and Nitrococcus). Answer : (a)
Q.26
In the pyramid of numbers find out the correct possibilities .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2012]
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a) Level PC is rat and level SC is cats
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b) Level PP is pipal tree and level SC is sheep
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c) Level PP is phytoplankton in sea and level Tc is Whale
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d) Level PC is insects and level SC is small insectivorous birds
Explanation
If we were to count the number of insects feeding on a big tree, then that justify plant as Primary producer (PP) and insects as Primary consumers (PC). The third trophic level indicates the secondary consumers, that is small insectivorous birds that feed on insects. The top level indicates the tertiary consumers which feed on insectivorous birds, that is big birds. Answer : (d)
Q.27
Decomposers of an ecosystem include .... .... [Kerala 2004]
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a) Microscopic animals
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b) Bacteria and fungi
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c) Both A and B
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d) Bacteria, fungi and macroscopic animals
Explanation
Decomposers break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water and nutrients and the process is called decomposition. Decomposers are heterotrophic organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria and other microscopic organism such as flagellates. Answer : (c)
Q.28
Fertility of soil is measured by its ability to .... .... [ C.B.S.E. 1992]
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a) Retain nutrients
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b) Hold organic materials
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c) Hold water
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d) Support life
Explanation
Soil fertility is the ability of a soil to sustain plant growth by providing essential plant nutrients and favorable chemical, physical, and biological characteristics as a habitat for plant growth. It is also ability to sustain earthworm, microorganism, etc with the availability of adequate resources. Answer : (d)
Q.29
Which of the following is present in maximum amount in atmosphere? .... .... [D.P.M.T.2002]
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a) Oxygen
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b) Nitrogen
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c) Carbon dioxide
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d) Hydrogen
Explanation
Air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Answer : (b)
Q.30
Jhoom cultivation refers to ..... ..... [Pb P.M.T. 1998]
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a) Cultivation of Jamun trees
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b)Cultivation of medicinal plants by tribes
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c) Tribal method of shifting cultivation
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d) Cultivation of terraces
Explanation
Jhoom ciltivation (Shifting cultivation) is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot. Shifting cultivation or jhum, predominantly practised in the tribal areas of northeastern states of India. Answer : (c)
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