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Quiz 2
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Q.1
Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2011]
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a) Humus
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b) Standing crop
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c) Standing state
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d) Detritus
Explanation
Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called as the standing crop. Answer : (b)
Q.2
Which ones occur at the same trophic level? .... .... [C.P.M.T.1991]
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a) Crow and cow
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b) Tiger and earthworm
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c) Snake and wild boar
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d) Deer and bee
Explanation
Bees consumes nectar from flowers. They are primary consumers. Deers consumes plants. They are also primary consumers Therefore, bees and deer belong to same trophic level. Answer : (d)
Q.3
Phytoplankton are .... .... [M.P.P.M.T. 2007]
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a) Heterotrophs
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b) Saprotrophs
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c) Autotrophs
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d) All the above
Explanation
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic components of the plankton community. Phytoplankton are microscopic marine algae, are similar to terrestrial plants in that they contain chlorophyll and require sunlight in order to live and grow. Answer : (c)
Q.4
A detrivore is .... .... [K.C.E.T.2005]
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a) Animal feeding on plant matter
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b) Animal feeding on decaying organic matter
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c) A plant feeding on an animal
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d) Animal feeding on another animal
Explanation
Detritivores are organisms that feed on the organic waste of dead plants and animals. Example earthworm. Answer : (b)
Q.5
Energy and nutrients enter a community through .... .... [Odisha 2009]
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a) Producers
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b) Primary consumers
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c) Decomposers
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d) Sunlight
Explanation
Solar energy captured by plants flows through different organisms of an ecosystem. All organisms are dependent for their food on producers, either directly or indirectly. Therefore, energy and nutrients is derived from producers. Answer : (a)
Q.6
Which of the following animals does not have a food value .... .... [C.O.M.E.D. – K’s 2012]
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a) Snake
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b) Lizard
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c) Field rat
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d) Domestic cat
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.7
In India, temperate evergreen vegetation occurs mostly in ..... ..... [M.P.P.M.T.1990]
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a) Rajasthan and South Punjab
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b) Eastern and Western Himalayas less than 3500 m
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c) Western Himalayas above 3500 m
0%
d) Western Ghats and Assam
Explanation
Temperate Evergreen forests are found in Eastern and Western Himalayas less than 3500 m. Answer : (b)
Q.8
Which one is being used as a source of biodiesel in India country side .... .... [C.B.S.E 2007]
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a) Beet root
0%
b) Sugarcane
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c) Pongamia
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d) Euphorbia
Explanation
Pongamia is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family Pongamia oil made from the seeds, known as pongamia oil, has been used as lamp oil, in soap making, and as a lubricant for centuries. The oil has a high content of triglycerides, and its disagreeable taste and odor are due to bitter flavonoid constituents including karanjin, pongamol, tannin and karanjachromene. The seed, leaves, oil and residue of the plant are toxic and will induce nausea and vomiting if ingested. Answer : (c)
Q.9
Deciduous forests have .... .... [A.I.I.M.S.1996]
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a) Variety of grasses
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b) Broad - leaved trees
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c) Narrow - leaved trees
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d) Variety of crocodiles
Explanation
A deciduous forest is a biome dominated by deciduous trees which lose their leaves seasonally. The Earth has temperate deciduous forests, and tropical and subtropical deciduous forests, also known as dry forests. Another name for these forests is broad-leaf forests because of the wide, flat leaves on the trees. Answer : (b)
Q.10
Social forestry is .... .... [A.I.I.M.S 1996]
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a) Management of forests by co-operative societies
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b) Growing and management of useful plants on common lands
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c) Growing one type of trees
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d) Growing different types of plants together
Explanation
Social forestry is the management and protection of forests and afforestation of barren and deforested lands with the purpose of helping environmental, social and rural development. The Indian government attempted to expand forest areas which were close to human settlements and which had degraded due to human activities. Trees were planted along railway lines, roadsides, rivers and canal banks, in village common land, government wasteland, and panchayat land, and were to be planted in and around agricultural fields. Answer : (b)
Q.11
Stratification is seen in .... .... D.P.M.T.2001
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a) Tundra
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b) Temperature
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c) Tropical forest
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d) Desert
Explanation
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification. Stratification: It is formation of vertical layers where vegetation is dense, eg., 5-7 strata is seen in tropical rain forest. Stratification is rarely seen in deserts or tundra. Answer : (c)
Q.12
Annual plants lacking perennating buds belong to .... .... [A.M.U.1997]
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a) Therophytes
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b) Cryptophytes
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c) Phanerophytes
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d) Chamaephytes
Explanation
Therophyte: Any plant which survives unfavourable seasons in the form of seeds only. Answer : (a)
Q.13
Which one are reservoirs of Phosphorus and Nitrogen cycle respectively .... .... [Guj .C.E.T. 2008]
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a) Consumers
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b) Atmosphere and bedrock
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c) Atmosphere and producers
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d) Bedrock and atmosphere
Explanation
Reservoir for gaseous type of nutrient cycle (e.g., nitrogen cycle) exists in the atmosphere and for the sedimentary cycle (e.g.,phosphorus cycle), the reservoir is located in Earth’s crust. Answer : (d)
Q.14
Breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworms is a process called .... ... . [Bih. P.M.T. 2011]
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a) Humification
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b) Fragmentation
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c) Mineralisation
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d) Catabolism
Explanation
Detritivores (e.g., earthworm) break down detritus into smaller particles. This process is called fragmentation. Answer : (b)
Q.15
Which two of the following statements about food chain are correct? a. Removal of 80% tigers resulted in increased growth of vegetation b. Removal of most carnivore resulted in increased population of deer c. Length of food chain is limited to 3 - 4 trophic levels due to energy loss d. Length of food chain may vary 2 - 3 trophic levels C.B.S.E. 2008
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a) a, d
0%
b) a, b
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c) b, c
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d) c,d
Explanation
The number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted as the transfer of energy follows 10 per cent law – only 10 per cent of the energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level. In nature, it is possible to have so many levels – producer, herbivore, primary carnivore, secondary carnivore in the grazing food chain. Statement (c) is correct. Removal of carnivores will result in increase of herbivores like deer. Statement (b) is correct. Answer : (c)
Q.16
Food chain is ..... ..... [A.I.I.M.S.1996]
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a) Number of human beings forming a chain for food
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b) Animals near a source of food
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c) Transfer of food energy from producers to consumers
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d) NONE
Explanation
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at an apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species. The sequence of living organisms in a community in which one organism consumes another organism to transfer food energy is called a food chain. Answer : (c)
Q.17
Which is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2012]
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a) Sulphur
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b) Phosphorus
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c) Nitrogen
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d) Carbon
Explanation
Reservoir of carbon and nitrogen cycle exists in gaseous biogeochemical cycle. Sulphur exits as gaseous ans sedimentary biogeochemical cycle. Reservoir of phosphorus is located in earth's crust and hence it is sedimentary biogeochemical cycle. Answer : (b)
Q.18
The circulation or cycling of elements in an ecosystem is known as .... .... [C.B.S.E.1999]
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a) Geological cycling
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b) Nutrient cycling
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c) Bio-geochemical cycle
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d) Both (b) and (c)
Explanation
The movement of nutrient elements through the various components of an ecosystem is called nutrient cycling. Another name of nutrient cycling is biogeochemical cycles. Answer : (d)
Q.19
Water is a resource .... .... [C.B.S.E. 1992]
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a) Non-degradable non-maintainable
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b) Degradable maintainable
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c) Renewable
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d) Non-renewable
Explanation
Fresh water is a renewable resource. Answer : (c)
Q.20
Bulk CO2 fixation occurs in .... .... [C.B.S.E.1994]
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a) Crop plants
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b) Oceans
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c) Tropical rain forests
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d) Temperate forests
Explanation
71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans. This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The productivity of the ocean ecosystem is very high, here phytoplankton, e.g. diatoms are the greatest producers. Answer : (b)
Q.21
Consider the following statements a. By the end of 20th century forest cover of India was reduced to 19% b. National Forest Policy was implemented in 1988 c. Annual production of dry grass or hay in India is about 250 million tones d. About 10% of the world's population lives in arid and semiarid regions Kerala 2007
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a) a and b are true
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b) a, c, d are not true
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c) a, b, c are true
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d) c and d are true
Explanation
The principal aim of National Forest Policy, 1988 is to ensure environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium which are vital for sustenance of all life forms, human, animal and plant. The end of 20th century saw the forest cover reduced to 19.4%. Roughly 2.5 billion people – 30 percent of the world's population – live in the dry areas, which cover more than 40 percent of the world's land surface. The average annual production of dry grass or hay in India is about 250 million tons. Answer : (c)
Q.22
-1 C to 13 C temperature and 50-250 mm rainfall account for the formation of a major biome .... .... [Kerala 2011]
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a) Temperature forest
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b) Coniferous forest
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c) Desert
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d) Grassland
Explanation
coniferous forest, vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in areas that have long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation. Answer : (b)
Q.23
A young crocodile has eaten a lamb. a hawk attacks the crocodile and consumers the same. in ecological terms, the hawk is .... .... [C.P.M.T.1998]
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a) Producer
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b) Primary consumer
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c) Secondary consumer
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d) Tertiary consumer
Explanation
A crocodile has eaten a herbivore lamb. Lamb is primary consumer. This makes crocodile secondary consumer. Since hawk attacks a secondary consumers, this makes hawk a tertiary consumer. Answer : (d)
Q.24
Relationships in an ecosystem can be depicted through .... .... [A.I.I.M.S.1998]
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a) Pyramid of energy
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b) Pyramid of numbers
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c) Pyramid of biomass
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d) All the above
Explanation
Food or energy relationship between organisms is expressed in terms of number, biomass or energy. The base of each pyramid represents the producers or the first trophic level while the apex represents tertiary or top level consumer. The three types of ecological pyramids that are usually studied are (a) pyramid of number; (b) pyramid of biomass and (c) pyramid of energy. Answer : (d)
Q.25
Maximum absorption of rainfall water occurs in .... .... [B.H.U.2005]
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a) Tropical deciduous forest
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b) Tropical evergreen forest
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c) Tropical savanna
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d) Scrub forest
Explanation
Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbour many types of plants and animals. These forests are found in the areas receiving heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm annual rainfall). They are very dense. Even the sunlight does not reach the ground. Maximum rainfall is absorbed by this biome. Answer : (b)
Q.26
During extreme aridity, Desert rat .... .... [C.P.M.T.1996]
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a) Stores water
0%
b) Uses metabolic water
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c) Saves water
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d) Does not use water
Explanation
In the absence of an external source of water, the kangaroo rat in North American deserts is capable of meeting all its water requirements through its internal fat oxidation (in which water is a by product). Answer : (b)
Q.27
Important steps in decomposition are .... .... [ A.M.U.2012]
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a) Fragmentation and mineralisation
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b) Leaching and catabolism
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c) Humification and mineralisation
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d) All
Explanation
The important steps in the process of decomposition are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralisation. Answer : (d)
Q.28
Fertilizer obtained from sea birds along the coast of chile and peru is .... .... [B.H.U.1996]
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a) Guano
0%
b) Bone meal
0%
c) Dung
0%
d) Urea
Explanation
Guano (Spanish from Quechua: wanu) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats. As a manure, guano is a highly effective fertilizer due to its exceptionally high content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium: key nutrients essential for plant growth. Answer : (a)
Q.29
A non-renewable non-inexhaustible resources is .... .... [C.B.S.E. 1991]
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a) Forest
0%
b) Coal/Petroleum
0%
c) Water
0%
d) Wildlife
Explanation
Nonrenewable energy resources include coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy. Answer : (b)
Q.30
Pyramid of number deals with number of .... .... [C.B.S.E.1993]
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a) Species in an area
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b) Individuals in a community
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c) Individuals in a tropic level
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d) Subspecies in a community
Explanation
A pyramid of numbers is a graphical representation that shows the number of organisms at each trophic level. Answer : (c)
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