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NEET Biology MCQ
Organisms And Population Mcq
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Q.1
Find the wrongly matching:
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a) Cattle egret and cattle – Commensalism.
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b) Penicillium and bacteria – Ammensalism.
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c) Fig tree and wasp – Mutualism.
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d) Monarch butterfly and bird – Competition.
Explanation
Answer:(d)
Q.2
Birth rate under ideal conditions is known as
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a) mortality
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b) natality
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c) both a and b
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d) none of these
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.3
Which of the following statements is false about age pyramids?
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a) The shape of the pyramids reflects the growth status of the population.
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b) For human population, the age pyramids generally show age distribution of males and females in a combined diagram.
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c) In declining population, the number of pre-reproductive individuals is high.
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d) If in an age pyramid, post reproductive individuals are minimum, it will be expanding population.
Explanation
A population at any given time is composed of individuals of different ages. If the age distribution (per cent individuals of a given age or age group) is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called an age pyramid. For human population, the age pyramids generally show age distribution of males and females in a diagram. The shape of the pyramids reflects the growth status of the population - (a) whether it is growing, (b) stable or (c) declining. Answer:(c)
Q.4
Assertion: Prolonged Intraspecific competition causes an increase in the size of the niche of a population. Reason: In such a population, use of new type of resources will increase through generations.
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
Intraspecific competition is a competition between individuals from the same species. Specifically, interspecific competition can cause character displacement when two species are in sympatry. Their realized niches will shift in order to reduce niche overlap which means that a trait of the two species will evolve in such a way that their realized niches will further expand in opposite directions. This drift in niche drives increased resource use diversity within a natural population. Asserion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation for assertion. Answer:(a)
Q.5
If global warming continues, how would the distributional range of some species be affected?
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a) There will be poleward shift
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b) There will be equatorial shift
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c) No change expected for any species
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d) Shift to marine water from land
Explanation
The levels of thermal tolerance of different species determine to a large extent their geographical distribution. If global warming continues, the average global temperature will increase to an extent where very fewer organism will survive near equator i.e., tropical area. Distributional range of species will shift to comparatively low temperature region. The shift will be towards the poles. Answer:(a)
Q.6
Producers → Decomposers → ’X’, then what will be ‘X’ ?
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a) Nostoc
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b) Fungi
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c) Both of these
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d) None of these
Explanation
After decompose materials changes as nutrients hence none of these Answer:(d)
Q.7
An association between two or more species in which both are benefited is known as
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a) commensalism
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b) symbiosis
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c) mutualism
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d) cooperation
Explanation
Species A
Species B
Name of interaction
+
+
Mutualism
-
-
Competition
+
-
Predation
+
-
Parasitism
+
0
Commensalism
-
0
Amensalism
Interspecific interactions arise from the interaction of populations of two different species. They could be beneficial, detrimental or neutral (neither harm nor benefit) to one of the species or both. Assigning a ‘+’ sign for beneficial interaction, ‘-’ sign for detrimental and 0 for neutral interaction. Answer:(c)
Q.8
In Galapagos Islands, Abingdon tortoises became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced on the island, because:
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a) Resources are limited.
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b) Intraspecific competition.
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c) Greater browsing efficiency of goats.
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d) Resources are limited.
Explanation
In interference competition, the feeding efficiency of one species might be reduced due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources (food and space) are abundant. When resources are limited the competitively superior species will eventually eliminate the other species. The Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos Islands became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced on the island, apparently due to the greater browsing efficiency of the goats. Answer:(c)
Q.9
Assertion: Plant animal interactions do not generally involve co – evolution of the mutualistic organisms. Reason: Evolution of the plants and animals never go side by side.
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
Mutualism: This interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species. The most spectacular and evolutionarily fascinating examples of mutualism are found in plant-animal relationships. Plants need the help of animals for pollinating their flowers and dispersing their seeds. Plants offer rewards or fees in the form of pollen and nectar for pollinators and juicy and nutritious fruits for seed dispersers. Plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists, that is, the evolutions of the flower and its pollinator species are tightly linked with one another. Assertion and reason both are false. Answer:(d)
Q.10
Find out the correct ones: (i) Mammals of colder climate generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss. (ii) All organisms have behavioural adaptations that allow them to respond quickly to a stressful condition. (iii) Some organisms possess behavioural adaptations which allow them migrating temporarily to a less stressful situation. (iv) Invertebrates and fishes live at greater depths in the ocean have biochemical adaptations to cope with high pressure.
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a) (i) and (ii).
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b) (ii) and (iii).
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c) (i), (iii) and (iv).
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d) (i), (ii) and (iv).
Explanation
Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss. (This is called the Allen’s Rule.) Statement (i) is correct. Some organisms possess adaptations that are physiological which allow them to respond quickly to a stressful situation. Not all organism possess this adaptation. Statement (ii) is incorrect. Some organism are able to respond through certain physiological adjustments while others do so behaviourally (migrating temporarily to a less stressful habitat). These responses are also actually, their adaptations. Statement (iii) is correct. A large variety of marine invertebrates and fish live at great depths in the ocean where the pressure could be >100 times the normal atmospheric pressure that we experience. Organisms living in such extreme environments show a fascinating array of biochemical adaptations. statement (iv) is also correct. Answer:(c)
Q.11
The father of ecology in India is:
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a) Dudgeon.
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b) Agharkar.
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c) W.H. Pearsal.
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d) Ramdeo Misra.
Explanation
Ramdeo Misra is known as the Father of ecology in India. His researches laid the foundation for understanding of tropical communities and their succession, environmental responses of plant populations, and productivity and nutrient cycling in tropical forests and grassland ecosystems. Ramdeo Misra formulated the first postgraduate course in ecology in India. Answer:(d)
Q.12
What true for the following statements ? Statement X : During evolution many species, by continous development of their internal environment, made their physiologycal processes more efficient. Statement Y : Organisms show adaptations in order to survive in the enviornment
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a) X=True; Y=True
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b) X=True; Y= False
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c) X=False; Y= True
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d) X=False; Y= False
Explanation
Many adaptations have evolved over a long evolutionary time and are genetically fixed. during the course of millions of years of their existence, many species would have evolved a relatively constant internal (within the body) environment that permits all biochemical reactions and physiological functions to proceed with maximal efficiency and thus, enhance the overall ‘fitness’ of the species. Statement X is correct. Evolutionary adaptation, or simply adaptation, is the adjustment of organisms to their environment in order to improve their chances at survival in that environment.Statement Y is correct. Answer:(a)
Q.13
Which of the following algae is likely to be found in the deepest waters?
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a) Green
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b) Brown
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c) Red
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d) All are found at equal depths
Explanation
Because blue light penetrates water to a greater depth than light of longer wavelengths, these pigments allow red algae to photosynthesize and live at somewhat greater depths than most other "algae". Answer:(c)
Q.14
When certain exotic species are introduced into a geographical area they become invasive mainly because
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a) The invaded land has unlimited resources for the introduced species
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b) The invaded land does not have its natural predator
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c) The population of the introduced species in the invaded land is very low
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d) Introduced species do not face any competition in the introduced land
Explanation
When certain exotic species are introduced into a geographical area, they become invasive and start spreading fast because the invaded land does not have its natural predators. Answer:(b)
Q.15
Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion is, essentially
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a) The more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species through competition
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b) Competition for the same resources excludes species having different life styles
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c) No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely when resources are limited
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d) Larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition as in the case of large trees controlling underbrush
Explanation
Gause’s ‘Competitive Exclusion Principle’ states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and the competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually. This may be true if resources are limiting, but not otherwise. Answer:(c)
Q.16
In general, which of the following is not an adaptation seen in parasites in accordance with their life style?
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a) Loss of unnecessary sense organs
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b) Presence of adhesive organs
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c) Low reproductive capacity
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d) Loss of digestive system
Explanation
Many parasites have evolved to be host-specific (they can parasitise only a single species of host) in such a way that both host and the parasite tend to co-evolve. In accordance with their life styles, parasites evolved special adaptations such as the loss of unnecessary sense organs, presence of adhesive organs or suckers to cling on to the host, loss of digestive system and high reproductive capacity. Answer:(c)
Q.17
Consider the following four condition (I-IV) and select the correct pair of them as adaptation to environment in desert lizards The conditions I. Burrowing in soil to escape high temperature II. Losing heat rapidly from the body during high temperature III. Bask in sun when temperature is low Iv. Insulating body due to thick fatty dermis
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a) (I) and (III)
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b) (II) and (IV)
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c) (I) and (II)
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d) (III) and (IV)
Explanation
Desert lizards lack the physiological ability that mammals have to deal with the high temperatures of their habitat, but manage to keep their body temperature fairly constant by behavioural means. They bask in the sun and absorb heat when their body temperature drops below the comfort zone, but move into shade when the ambient temperature starts increasing. Some species are capable of burrowing into the soil to hide and escape from the above-ground heat. Answer:(a)
Q.18
Praying mentis is a good example of Explanation is provided, please click on
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a) mullerian mimicry
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b) warning colouration
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c) social insects
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d) camouflage
Explanation
Praying mantis shows the phenomenon of camouflage by blending itself into the background. This enables it to elude predators. Answer:(d)
Q.19
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
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a) Lichen, an association of fungus and algae is an example of mutualism
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b) Those epiphytes which use other plants for support only and not for water or food supply and are examples of commensalism
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c) Sea-anemone on hermit-crab is an example of protocooperation
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d) Mutualism, protocooperation, commensalism cannot be included under symbiosis
Explanation
Mutualism: This interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species. Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria. Commensalism: This is the interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of commensalism. Protocooperation is a form of mutualism, but the cooperating species do not depend on each other for survival. The sea anemone eats scraps of food that the hermit crab releases as she eats, and the hermit crab is protected from predators like the octopus by the painful sting of the sea anemone's tentacles. Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. Mutualism, protocooperation, commensalism, parasitism can be included under symbiosis. Answer:(d)
Q.20
In an area, a population with large size individuals having long life span, more parental care and slow development was present. The type of population growth curve will be
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a) S-shaped
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b) J-shaped
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c) Z-shaped
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d) All of these
Explanation
In the given condition, the type of population growth curve will be S-shaped which is called a sigmoid curve. This type of growth curve represents that on introduction to a new area, the population grows slowly in the beginning followed by a sharp exponential increase in the growth rate. This is further followed by the stationary growth phase where the population is maintained at the constant level. Answer:(a)
Q.21
The ratio of natality to mortality is:
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a) Biotic potential.
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b) Vital index.
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c) Dispersal.
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d) Age distribution.
Explanation
Vital index is the percentage ratio of natality above mortality. It is calculated as Natality/mortality * 100. It is used to determine the expansion of the population. Answer:(b)
Q.22
Find out the incorrect statement:
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a) If predator is too efficient and overexploits its prey, then the prey might become extinct.
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b) Predator helps in maintaining species diversity in a community.
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c) Cuscuta, has lost its chlorophyll and leaves in the course of evolution.
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d) The plasmodium is a digenetic ectoparasite in human and female anopheles mosquito.
Explanation
If a predator is too efficient and overexploits its prey, then the prey might become extinct and following it, the predator will also become extinct for lack of food. This is the reason why predators in nature are ‘prudent’. Prey species have evolved various defenses to lessen the impact of predation. Option (a) is correct. Predators also help in maintaining species diversity in a community, by reducing the intensity of competition among competing prey species. Option (b) is correct. Many marine fish are infested with ectoparasitic copepods. Cuscuta, a parasitic plant that is commonly found growing on hedge plants, has lost its chlorophyll and leaves in the course of evolution. It derives its nutrition from the host plant which it parasitises. Option (c) is correct. Plasmodium is digenetic endoparasite, not ectoparasite. Option (d) is incorrect. Answer:(d)
Q.23
Assertion: In deep water bodies, variations in temperature of water at different depths results in thermal stratifications. Reason: In temperate lakes, cooling of surface water during autumn and warming of it during spring results in circulation of nutrients as well as oxygen, twice a year.
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
The thermal stratification of lakes refers to a change in the temperature at different depths in the lake, and is due to the change in water's density with temperature. Cold water is denser than warm water and the epilimnion generally consists of water that is not as dense as the water in the hypolimnion. Assertion is true. n temperate regions where lake water warms up and cools through the seasons, a cyclical pattern of overturn occurs that is repeated from year to year as the cold dense water at the top of the lake sinks. This happens twice a year. Reason is true. Reason is not correct explanation of assertion. Answer:(b)
Q.24
Select the mismatch from the following which states the major biomes and the predominant plant species in that biome: (i) Tropical rain forests - Dipterocarpus and Hopea. (ii) Tropical deciduous forests - Shorea robusta (Sal) and Tectona grandis (Teak). (iii) Temperate broad – leaf forest – Quercus (Oak). (iv) Temperate needle – leaf forest – Pinus wallinchiana (Pine), Cedrus deodara (Deodar), Cupressus torulosa (Cypress), Picea smithiana (Spruce), Abies pindrow (silver fir).
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a) (i) and (ii) only.
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b) (iii) and (iv) only.
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c) (i) and (iii) only.
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d) All matches are correct.
Explanation
The Dipterocarpaceae are a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. (i) is correct. Shorea robusta, the sal tree is evergreen in wetter areas; in drier areas, it is dry-season deciduous. Teak (Tectona grandis) is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. (ii) is correct. Oak, maple, beech, hickory and chestnut are dominant plants of broad leaf temperate deciduous forest biome. (iii) is correct. (iv) is correct because all the example are narrow leaf temperate deciduous forest biome. Answer:(d)
Q.25
From the following statements identify the correct statements: (i) Ecology is basically concerned with four levels of biological organisation i.e. Organism, population, community and biosphere. (ii) Physiological ecology which tries to understand how different organisms are adapted to their environment in terms of not only survival but also reproduction. (iii) On planet, life exists not just in a few favourable habits, but even in extreme and harsh habits (e.g., deep oceans, Polar Regions, High Mountain top, boiling thermal springs). (iv) Over a period of time, the organism had through natural selection evolved adaptations to optimise its survival and reproduction in its habitat. (v) Population ecology (Autecology) is an important area of ecology because it links ecology to population genetics and evolution.
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a) All are correct.
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b) Only (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
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c) Only (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) are correct.
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d) Only (ii), (iii) and (v) are correct.
Explanation
Ecology is basically concerned with four levels of biological organisation – organisms, populations, communities and biomes.(i) is correct. Ecology at the organismic level is essentially physiological ecology which tries to understand how different organisms are adapted to their environments in terms of not only survival but also reproduction. (ii) is also correct. (iii) is correct as well. adaptation is any attribute of the organism (morphological, physiological, behavioural) that enables the organism to survive and reproduce in its habitat. Many adaptations have evolved over a long evolutionary time and are genetically fixed. (iv) is correct. Population ecology is an important area because it links ecology to population genetics and evolution. (v) is correct. Answer:(a)
Q.26
“Spiny lizard” absorbs water from the atmosphere which is appropriate similar functional option for the statement ?
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a) Tongue of Human
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b) Hygroscpic roots of orchid
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c) Roots of plants
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d) None of these
Explanation
Moloch (spiny lizard of Australia) has hygroscopic glands in the skin which absorb water. This function is also seen in orchids. Epiphytic roots are also called 'hygroscopic roots'. These roots grow in a few orchids which develop as epiphytes on the tree branches. Answer:(b)
Q.27
Which living organism is seen in the hot water spring having temperature more than 100°C.
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a) Methanogens
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b) Thermoacidophils
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c) Helophytes
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d) spirokit
Explanation
Thermoacidophiles are prokaryotic microorganisms with the stunning capability to survive and multiply at extremely low pH and simultaneously at high temperatures. Thermoacidophiles can be found in hot springs and solfataric environments, within deep sea vents, or in other environments of geothermal activity. Answer:(b)
Q.28
Match the column I with column II
Column I
Column II
(1) Astacus
(p) Hydrophiic skin
(2) Marine turtle
(q) green gland
(3) Spiny lizard
(r) water storage in intestine
(4)uromastyx
(s) salt glands
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a) (1-q), (2-s), (3-p) (4-r)
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b) (1-s), (2-q), (3-p) (4-r)
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c) (1-s), (2-p), (3-q) (4-r)
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d) (1-p), (2-q), (3-s) (4-r)
Explanation
Animals
Adaptation
Astacus
green gland (osmoregulatory organs)
Marine turtle
salt glands serve to maintain osmotic and ionic homeostasis
Spiny lizard
hygroscopic glands in the skin which absorb water
uromastyx
Fibers in the lower bowel hold water
Answer:(a)
Q.29
‘X’ is an example of Mutualism and ‘Y’is an example of succession then which is the correct realtionship ?
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a) X = Hermit Grab Y = Gastropod
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b) X= Sea anemore Y = mesosere Succession
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c) X = Lichen Y = Xerosere
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d) X= Lichen Y= Hydrosere
Explanation
Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria Hydrarch succession takes place in wet areas and the successional series progress from hydric to the mesic conditions. As against this, xerarch succession takes place in dry areas and the series progress from xeric to mesic conditions. Answer:(c & d)
Q.30
Which is the correct option for the given table ?write ‘T’ if the given example is correct and ‘F’ for wrong example ,
Information
Example
Breed only once
Bamboo
Breeds many time
Birds like pigeon, Mammals
Small sized but many offsprings
Prey Birds
less in number but big size offsprings
Only deep marine fishes
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a) TFTF
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b) TTFF
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c) FFTT
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d) TFFF
Explanation
Bamboo flowers once in a lifetime. It is true. Most of mammals and birds like pigeon mate and breed more than one. It is true. Organism which are small sized but produces large number of offsprings are mice, rodents,insect not prey birds. It is false. Mammals and few birds repoduce few large sized offsprings. Statement above is false. Answer:(b)
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