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Organisms And The Environment Mcq
Quiz 2
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Q.1
A logistic growth curve depicting population that is limited by carrying capacity is shaped like the latter .... .... [D.P.M.T.2010]
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a) J
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b) F
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c) M
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d) S
Explanation
As competition increases and resources become increasingly scarce, populations reach the carrying capacity (K) of their environment, causing their growth rate to slow nearly to zero. This produces an S-shaped curve of population growth known as the logistic curve (right). Answer : (d)
Q.2
Top soil is darker and .... .... [D.P.M.T.1999]
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a) Contains more Na and Mg
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b) Is drier than subsoil
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c) Contains more organic matter
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d) Is wetter than subsoil
Explanation
The topsoil is usually darker than lower layers (or horizons) because this is where organic matter accumulates. Soil colour is usually due to 3 main pigments: black—from organic matter. Answer : (c)
Q.3
Actively moving organisms in aquatic ecosystem are .... .... [Odisha 2011]
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a) Benthos
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b)Zooplankton
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c) Phytoplankton
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d) Nekton
Explanation
Nekton or necton refers to the actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water. The term was proposed by German biologist Ernst Haeckel to differentiate between the active swimmers in a body of water, and the passive organisms that were carried along by the current, the plankton. Answer : (d)
Q.4
Plants growing in saline soil/high concentration of salts are .... .... [C.P.M.T.2002]
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a) Xerophytes
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b) Halophytes
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c) Heliophytes
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d) Hydrophytes
Explanation
Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that grow in waters with high salinity, such as in mangrove swamps, marshes, seashores and saline semi-deserts Answer : (b)
Q.5
An obligate root parasite is .... .... [B.H.U. 2005]
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a) Viscum
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b) Striga
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c) Loranthus
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d) Rafflesia
Explanation
An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. Rafflesia is an example of the obligate root parasites. It depends on the host for water and sugars. It is done with the help of an absorptive organ, the haustorium. Answer : (d)
Q.6
Humus is formed in .... .... [B.H.U.2007]
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a) Horizon-A
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b) Horizon-O
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c) Horizon-B
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d) Horizon-C
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.7
Biosphere is made of .... .... [C.P.M.T.1990]
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a) Living beings and their remains
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b) Living beings + lithosphere + hydrosphere + atmosphere
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c) Living beings + lithosphere
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d) Living organisms + lithosphere + hydrosphere
Explanation
The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Answer : (b)
Q.8
Biotic factors refer to .... .... [Pb.P.M.T.1999]
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a) Gases produced by industries
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b) Nutrient deficient soils
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c) Living organisms
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d) Fossil fuels
Explanation
A biotic factor is a living organism that shapes its environment. Answer : (c)
Q.9
Large sized rooted plants found in shallow waters are called .... .... [H.P.P.M.T. 2007]
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a) Macrophytes
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b) Microphytes
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c) Phagophytes
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d) Saprophytes
Explanation
saprophytes: a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter. Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye. Macrophytes are aquatic plants growing in or near water. They may be either emergent (i.e., with upright portions above the water surface), submerged or floating. Answer : (a)
Q.10
Deep black soil is productive, due to high proportion of .... .... [C.B.S.E.1991]
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a) Sand and zinc
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b) Gravel and calcium
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c) Clay and humus
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d) Silt and earthworms
Explanation
Deep black soil is considered a productive soil due to the presence of a high proportion of clay and humus. Deep black soil are high retentivity of moisture and comprises a lot of organic matter. Answer : (c)
Q.11
Name the equipment used in measurement thermal behaviour of water .... .... [Odisha 2006]
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a) SEM
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b) Differential scanning calorimeter
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c) Real time PCR
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d) MALDI-TOF
Explanation
Semantic differential is a type of a rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of objects, events, and concepts. Differential scanning calorimetry is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. A real-time polymerase chain reaction, also known as quantitative polymerase chain reaction, is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction. It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy absorbing matrix to create ions from large molecules with minimal fragmentation. Answer : (b)
Q.12
A physiological xerophyte is .... .... [E.A.M.C.E.T.2002]
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a) Salicornia
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b) Euphorbia
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c) Salvia
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d) Agave
Explanation
The genus Agave is primarily known for its succulent and xerophytic species that typically form large rosettes of strong, fleshy leaves. Answer : (d)
Q.13
Open water zone beyond littoral zone is .... .... [H.P.P.M.T.2007]
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a) Limnetic zone
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b) Coastal zone
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c) Profundal zone
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d) Benthic zone
Explanation
The littoral zone is the near shore area where sunlight penetrates. The limnetic zone is the open water area where light does not penetrate to the bottom. Answer : (a)
Q.14
Birth rate minus death rate is .... .... [J.I.P.M.E.R. 2004]
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a) Reproductive rate
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b) population index
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c) Population density
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d) Population frequency
Explanation
Population index- It is used to summarise population dynamics. This can be calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate. Answer : (b)
Q.15
Habitat together with functions of a species consititue its .... .... [C.P.M.T.2005]
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a) Topography
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b) Trophic level
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c) Boundary
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d) Niche
Explanation
Each organism has an invariably defined range of conditions that it can tolerate, diversity in the resources it utilises and a distinct functional role in the ecological system, all these together comprise its niche. Answer : (d)
Q.16
Ecology is connected with the study of .... .... [J.I.P.M,E.R.1989]
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a) Environmental factors
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b) Plant adaptations
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c) Effect of plants on environment
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d) All of above
Explanation
Ecology is a subject which studies the interactions among organisms and between the organism and its physical (abiotic) environment. Ecology at the organismic level is essentially physiological ecology which tries to understand how different organisms are adapted to their environments in terms of not only survival but also reproduction Answer:(d)
Q.17
Root cap is absent in .... .... [Har.P.M.T. 2007]
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a) Xerophytes
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b) Mesophytes
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c) Hydrophytes
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d) Halophytes
Explanation
Due to the availability of water in plenty, roots, the principal organs of water absorption, in such plants become of less significance. In aquatic plants or hydrophytes, roots caps are absent and root pockets are present. Answer : (c)
Q.18
Mangrove of marshy Sunderbans is characterised by .... .... [A.F.M.C.1999]
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a) Pneumatophores
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b) Prop roots
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c) Vivipary
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d) All the above
Explanation
Red mangroves have prop roots descending from the trunk and branches, providing a stable support system. Pneumatophores, commonly found in mangrove species that grow in saline mud flats, are lateral roots that grow upward out of the mud and water to function as the site of oxygen intake for the submerged primary root system. mangrove species have unique way of reproduction, which is generally known as vivipary. In this method of reproduction, seeds germinate and develop into seedlings while the seeds are still attached to the parent tree. Answer : (d)
Q.19
Which ones are true about interdependence (a) One is benefitted and other unaffected in mutualism. (b) Both the partners are benefitted in commensalism. (c) One kills and feeds on another in predators. (d) Both partners are benefitted in symbiosis Kerala 2007
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a) a and b only
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b) a and c only
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c) b and d only
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d) c and d only
Explanation
Mutualism: This interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species. (a) is false. The interaction where one species is benefitted and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is called commensalism. (b) is false. Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. (c) is true. Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. (d) is true. Answer : (d)
Q.20
Humus is important for plant growth as it is .... .... [J.I.P.M.E.R.1987]
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a) Made of dead organic matter
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b) Derived from leaves
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c) Rich in nutrients and increases aeration and decrease water holding capacity of soil
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d) Partially decomposed
Explanation
The amount of humus in clay soil can help improve aeration, reduce water holding capacity, and increase nutrient content. Answer : (c)
Q.21
Total number of all species in given region constitute .... .... [D.P.M.T. 2011]
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a) Biota
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b) Flora
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c) Fauna
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d) Diversity
Explanation
Biota: It comprises the animals and plants living in a particular place, time, or habitat. Answer : (a)
Q.22
Nutrient enrichment of water body is ..... ..... [D.P.M.T.2002]
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a) Eutrophication
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b) Stratification
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c) Biomagnification
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Eutrophication is the process by which an entire body of water, or parts of it, becomes progressively enriched with minerals and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. Answer : (a)
Q.23
Correct sequences of plants in hydrosere is .... .... [C.B.S.E. 2009]
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a) Pistia → Volvox → Scripus → Hydrilla → Oak → Lantana
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b) Oak → Lantana → Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scripus
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c) Oak → Lantana → Scripus → Pistia → Hydrilla → Volvox
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d) Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scripus → Lantana → Oak
Explanation
In primary succession in water, the pioneers are the small phytoplanktons(Volvox),which are replaced with time by rooted-submerged plants(Hydrilla), rooted-floating angiosperms followed by free-floating plants(Pistia), then reedswamp (Scirpus), marsh-meadow (Lantana), scrub and finally the trees (Oak). The climax again would be a forest. With time the water body is converted into land. Answer : (d)
Q.24
Synecology is study of .... .... [C.P.M.T.1995]
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a) Human environment of a place
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b) Biotic environment of a place
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c) Abiotic component of a place
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d) Biotic community in relation to environment of a place
Explanation
synecology (or community ecology) refers to the study of groups of organisms in relation to their environment. Answer : (d)
Q.25
Aquatic photo diffraction produces zones ..... ..... [C.P.M.T.2002]
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a) Euphotic, disphotic and aphotic
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b) Aphotic, euphotic and disphotic
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c) Euphotic, aphotic and disphotic
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d) Disphotic, aphotic and euphotic
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.26
Succession is .... .... [Pb P.M.T. 2007]
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a) Orderly process of community change till stability
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b) Gradual convergent, directional and continuous process
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c) Species of biotic communities that appear generally in barren area
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d) All the above
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.27
Which one represents correct match between organism and its ecological niche? .... .... [A.I.I.M.S. 2005]
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a) Vallisneria and pond
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b) Desert locust and desert
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c) Vultures and dense forest
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d) Plant lice and leaf
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.28
Match the following .... .... [Kerala 2005]
mutualism
(p) beneficial to a, no effect for b
competition
(q) beneficial to both a and b
parasitism
(r) beneficial to a and inhibitory for b
predation
(s) beneficial to a and harmful for b
commensalism
(t) harmful to both a and b
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a) 1 - t, 2 - s, 3 - p, 4 - q, 5 - r
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b) 1 - p, 2 - r, 3 - q, 4 - t, 5 - s
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c) 1 - q, 2 - t, 3 - s, 4 - r, 5 - p
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d) 1 - r, 2 - p, 3 - q, 4 - s, 5 – t
Explanation
Species A
Species B
Name of interaction
+
+
Mutualism
-
-
Competition
+
-
Predation
+
-
Parasitism
+
0
Commensalism
-
0
Amensalism
Interspecific interactions arise from the interaction of populations of two different species. They could be beneficial, detrimental or neutral (neither harm nor benefit) to one of the species or both. Assigning a ‘+’ sign for beneficial interaction, ‘-’ sign for detrimental and 0 for neutral interaction. Answer : (c)
Q.29
Rhizophora is characteristic member of .... .... [M.P.P.M.T.2004]
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a) Salt swamp
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b) Mangrove vegetation
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c) Swamp forest
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d) Marsh plants
Explanation
Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves. The most notable species is the red mangrove Answer : (b)
Q.30
Individuals of species which occurs in a particular area constitute .... ..... [J.I.P.M.E.R.1997]
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a) Flora
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b) Fauna
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c) Population
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d) Flora and Fauna
Explanation
A population is a distinct group of individuals, whether that group comprises a nation or a group of people with a common characteristic. Answer : (c)
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