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Quiz 6
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Q.1
Living steady state has a self regulatory mechanism called … [ Manipur 2007]
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a) Homeothermy
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b) Feedback mechanism
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c) Homoxygosity
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d) Homeostasis
Explanation
Homeostasis.is the tendency of biological systems to maintain relatively constant conditions in the internal environment while continuously interacting with and adjusting to changes originating within or outside the system. Answer : (d)
Q.2
Father of taxonomy is … .. [ MPPMT 1997 ]
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a) De Candolle
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b) Hooker
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c) Linnaeus
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d) Aristotle
Explanation
Answer : (c)
Q.3
Statement (S) : Species are groups of potentially interbreeding natural populations that are isolated from other such groups Reason(R) : reproductive isolation brings about distinctive morphological characters [ E.A.M.C.E.T 2005 ]
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a) Both (S) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (S)
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b) Only (S) is true, (R) is false
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c) Both (S) and (R) are wrong
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d) Both (S) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (S)
Explanation
As per ICBN rule, in botanical names first word denotes genus and second for species. Genetic name starts with a capital letter and the specific name with a small letter Answer : (d)
Q.4
Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R.H.Whittaker is not based on : …[AIPMT 2014]
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a) Mode of nutrition
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b) Complexity of body organization
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c) Presence of absence of a well-defined nucleus.
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d) Mode of reproduction.
Explanation
R.H.Whittaker five kingdom system of classification is based on He grouped organism into the above classes based on the following criteria: 1. Cell structure (prokaryote/eukaryote) 2. Complexity (unicellular/multicellular) 3. Nutrition (autotrophs, heterotrophs) 4. Lifestyle (producers/consumers/decomposers) 5. Phylogeny (relation to other prokaryotes/eukaryotes) 6. Mode of reproduction. Answer:(c)
Q.5
Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature? …[AIPMT-2016]
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a) Biological names can be written in any language
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b) The first word in a biological name represents the genus name, and the second is a specific epithet
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c) The names are written in Latin and are italicised
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d) When written by hand, the names are to be underlined
Explanation
Contrary :opposite in nature, direction, or meaning. Nomenclature rules say The names are written in Latin and are italicized which is contrary to Biological names can be written in any language Answer:(a)
Q.6
Which one of the following is not a correct statement? [NEET 2013]
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a) Herbarium houses dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens
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b) Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference.
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c) A museum has collection of photographs of plants and animals.
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d) Key is a taxonomic aid for identification of specimens.
Explanation
A museum has collection of dead remains of plants and animals in preserved form. Answer:(c)
Q.7
Which one of the following generates new genetic combinations leading to variation ? …[NEET 2016]
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a) Sexual reproduction
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b) Nucellar polyembryony
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c) Vegetative reproduction
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d) Parthenogenesis
Explanation
Sexual reproduction :the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). Since both individuals have different genetic make up so variation is maximum Nucellarpolyembryony :Zygotic and nucellar embryos can occur in the same seed, and a zygotic embryo can divide to produce multiple embryos. . Thus same genetic material with little variation. Vegetative reproduction : A form of asexual reproduction in plants, in which multicellular structures become detached from the parent plant and develop into new individuals that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Parthenogenesis reproduction from an ovum without fertilization Answer:(a)
Q.8
The label of a herbarium sheet does not carry information on : …[NEET 2016]
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a) Local names
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b) height of the plant
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c) date of collection
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d) name of collector
Explanation
Answer:(b)
Q.9
Match Column–I with Column–II for housefly classification and select the correct option using the codes given below : …[NEET 2016]
Column-I
Column-II
(a) Family
(i) Diptera
(b) Order
(ii) Arthropoda
(c) Class
(iii) Muscidae
(d) Phylum
(iv) Insecta
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a) (a) →iv ; (b) → iii ; (c) → ii ; (d) → i
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b) (a) →iv ; (b) → ii ; (c) → i; (d) → iii
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c) (a) →iii ; (b) → i ; (c) → iv; (d) → ii
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d) (a) →iii; (b) → ii ; (c) →iv; (d) → i
Explanation
Diptera is the order b – i Arthropoda is phylum d - ii Muscidae are a family of flies a – iii Insecta is class within the Phylum Arthropoda c - iv Answer:(c)
Q.10
Study the four statements (A–D) given below and select the two correct ones out of them : …[NEET 2016] (A) Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr. (B) Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants. (C) Binomial nomenclature system was given by R.H. Whittaker. (D) In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth. The two correct statements are
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a) A and D
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b) A and B
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c) B and C
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d) C and D
Explanation
Statement A is correct reproduction is synonymous with growth because in growth number of cell increase statement D is correct Answer:(a)
Q.11
Which of the following scientific name represents both trinomial nomenclature and autonym?
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a) Acacia nilotica indica.
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b) Brassica oleracea botrytis.
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c) Corvus splendus splendus.
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d) Pisum sativum.
Explanation
trinomial nomenclature is used to name living things at a rank lower than species. autonym an infraspecific name in which the species epithet is repeated. Answer:(c)
Q.12
The chart shows the classification of two species of crocodile: To which order do these crocodile belong to:
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a) Chordata.
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b) Chrocodylidae.
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c) Crocodilia.
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d) Reptiles.
Explanation
domain → kingdom → phylum/dvision → class → order → family → genus → species. Answer:(c)
Q.13
Which of the following is incorrect?
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a) Herbarium houses dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens.
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b) John Ray developed key for the identification of animals.
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c) The category division is used instead of phylum in case of plants which comprises of fewer similar features.
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d) The set of methods used in classification based on evolutionary relationship is called phenetics.
Explanation
In biology, phenetics , also known as taximetrics, is an attempt to classify organisms based on overall similarity, usually in morphology or other observable traits, regardless of their phylogeny or evolutionary relation. Answer:(d)
Q.14
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below
Column-I
Column-II
(a) Herbarium
i. It is a place having a collection of preserved plants and animals.
(b) Key
ii. A list that enumerates methodically all the species found in an area with brief description aiding identification
(c) Museum
iii.Is a place where dried and pressed plant specimens mounted on sheets are kept
(d) Catalogue
iv. A booklet containing a list of characters and their alternates which are helpful in identification of various taxa.
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a) a -i ; b -iv; c -iii, d-ii
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b) a -iii ; b -ii; c -i, d-iv
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c) a -ii ; b -iv; c -iii, d-i
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d) a -iii ; b -iv; c -i, d-ii
Explanation
Herbarium is defined as a collection of plants that usually have been dried, pressed, preserved on sheets and arranged according to any accepted system of classification for future reference and study. a = iii Taxonomic Key: is a device/booklet used by biologists for identifying unknown organisms b= iv A museum has collection of dead remains of plants and animals in preserved form. c= i Catalog is simply a listing of all species organized in some way d= ii Answer : (d)
Q.15
Naja naja is the scientific name of Indian Cobra in a:
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a) Tautonym.
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b) Autonym.
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c) Synonym.
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d) Both (B) and (C).
Explanation
The naming of scientific names of plants in which genus and species name are same is known as tautonomy Answer:(a)
Q.16
Which of the following statement is false?
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a) Reproduction cannot be an all inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
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b) Unicellular organisms like bacteria, unicellular algae and amoeba, reproduction is synonymous with growth.
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c) Photoperiod affect reproduction only in plants.
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d) Rhizopus, Ectocarpus and protonema of Sphagnum multiply by fragmentation.
Explanation
Photoperiod affects reproductio in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals. In animals photoperiod affects the seasonal breeder through changes in melatonin secretion by the pineal gland. The reproductive axis is controlled by melatonin which is secreted at night only and therefore relays day length to the body. Photoperiod also affects testis size which ultimately causes gonad regression. Animals generally reproduce during spring and summer to take advantage of the warmer temperatures In plants photoperiod directly affects flowering by regulating the secretion of florigen and vernalin. Plants flower in response to the relative lengths of day and night. Plants produce pollen when pollinators will be active and help in transfer of pollens. Answer:(c)
Q.17
Observe the following terms: (i) Muscidae. (ii) Hominidae. (iii) Sapindales. (iv) Diptera. (v) Insecta.
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a) (i) and (ii) are families, (iii), (iv) and (v) are orders.
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b) (iii) and (iv) are orders, (i) and (ii) are families; (v) is a class.
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c) (iii) and (iv) are classes, (i) and (ii) are orders; (v) is a family.
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d) (i) and (ii) are families, (iii) is a class, (iv) and (v) are orders.
Explanation
(i) Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea. Muscidae Hominidae is family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo, the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; Gorilla, the eastern and western gorilla Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem Dipteran, (order Diptera), any member of an order of insects containing the two-winged or so-called true flies. Although many winged insects are commonly called flies, the name is strictly applicable only to members of Diptera. Class insecta encompasses all insects, and is included in phylum arthropoda. Insects have three main body segments: the head, thorax and abdomen. They have six legs, one or two pairs of wings and specialized mouth parts. Answer:(b)
Q.18
Which statement is wrong:
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a) Both Ascospores and Basidiospores are sexual spores formed endogenously.
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b) Phenetic classification is based on observable characters of an organism.
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c) Monograph contains information on any one taxon.
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d) Herbarium is the storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets.
Explanation
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell. A group of fungi that reproduce sexually by the endogenous formation of ascospores in an ascus. A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Answer:(a)
Q.19
Which one of the following is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses?
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a) Diplontic life cycle.
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b) Members of kingdom Plantae.
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c) Mode of nutrition.
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d) Multiplication by fragmentation.
Explanation
Fragmentation, also known as splitting, as a method of reproduction is seen in many organisms such as filamentous cyanobacteria, molds, lichens, many plants, and animals such as sponges, acoel flatworms, some annelid worms and sea stars. Answer:(d)
Q.20
Who wrote “Species Plantarum” and provided the basis of classification of plants?
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a) Carolus Linnaeus.
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b) Charles Darwin.
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c) Robert Hooke.
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d) John Ray.
Explanation
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants Answer:(a)
Q.21
Assertion: Numerical taxonomy using computers is based on all observable characteristics of organism and gives equal importance to each character. Reason: Phylogenetic classification system based on evolutionary relationship between organisms is called phenetic classification.
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a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.
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c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation
The numerical methods are useful in phenetic classifications and not phylogenetic classifications. Character selection is the greatest disadvantage in this approach. If characters chosen for comparison are inadequate, the statistical methods may give less satisfactory solution. phylogenetic classification is called cladistic classification(cladistics) and not phenetic classification. The numerical taxonomy is called phetic classification(phenetics). Thus there is no relation between Assertion and reason, both methods are based on different Principles. Answer:(c)
Q.22
As we go down from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics:
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a) will increase.
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b) remain same.
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c) Will decrease.
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d) May increase or decrease.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.23
Select the True (T) and False (F) statements and choose the correct answer from the options given below: (i) Polymonials represent a taxonomic category. (ii) Dudhwa National Park is located at Lakhimpur in U.P. (iii) There are about 8 wildlife sanctuaries and 492 National parks in India. (iv) When specific name is identical to generic name it is an example of Tautonym.
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a) (i) – T, (ii) – F, (iii) – T, (iv) – F.
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b) (i) – T, (ii) – T, (iii) – T, (iv) – F
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c) (i) – F, (ii) – T, (iii) – F, (iv) – T.
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d) (i) – F, (ii) – T, (iii) – T, (iv) – T.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.24
The scientific name of a species ‘X’ was given by scientist in 1960 as ‘P’ and another scientist gave another name to the species in 1990 as ‘Q’. Which is considered as valid name?
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a) P.
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b) Q.
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c) Both P and Q.
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d) None of them.
Explanation
When looking at a plant with more than one scientific name, taxonomists try to maintain order in the system by following a set of rules. One rule is that the earliest valid name is the name that will be conserved, or kept. Answer:(a)
Q.25
How many of the given features are associated with binomial nomenclature? Descriptive name, Generic epithet, Specific epithet, Latin language, Names of subspecies or variety should be italicised or underlines.
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a) 4
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b) 3
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c) 2
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d) 3
Explanation
The entire two-part name must be written in italics (or underlined when handwritten). The genus name is always written first. The genus name must be capitalized. The specific epithet is never capitalized. Descriptive name is not used in nomencalture Answer:(a)
Q.26
Which one of the following aspects is an exclusive character of living things?
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a) Isolated metabolic reactions occur in vitro.
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b) Increase in mass from inside only.
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c) Perception of events happening in the environment and their memory.
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d) Increase in mass by accumulation of material on both surfaces as well as internally.
Explanation
metabolism is definng feature of all living Consciousness the defining property composed of cells, metabolize, reproduce, and respond to their environment are character of all living , Answer:(c)
Q.27
Manuals contain information for:
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a) Habitat and distribution of animals in a given area.
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b) Habitat and distribution of plants found on earth.
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c) Identification of names of species found in an area.
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d) Habitat and distribution of some useful animals of a given area.
Explanation
Answer:(c)
Q.28
Who wrote “Species Plantarum” and provided the basis for classification of plants?
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a) Carolus Linnaeus.
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b) Charles Darwin.
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c) Robert Hooke.
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d) Leeuwenhoek.
Explanation
Species Plantarum is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. Answer:(a)
Q.29
Which of the following statements are correctNumerical Taxonomy which is now easily carried out using computers is based on all observable characteristics.Number and codes are assigned to all the characters and the data are then processed.Some important characters are given more importanceCytological information like chromosome number are aslo includedAt the same time hundreds of characters can be considered.
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a)1,2,4 and 5 are correct; 3 is incorrect
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b) 1,3,4 and 5 are correct; 2 is incorrect
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c) 1,2,3 and 5 are correct; 4 is incorrect
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d) 1,2 and 5 are correct; 3 and 4 are incorrect
Explanation
Numerical Taxonomy which is now easily carried out using computers is based on all observable characteristics. Number and codes are assigned to all the characters and the data are then processed. In this way each character is given equal importance and at the same time hundreds of characters can be considered. Cytotaxonomy that is based on cytological information like chromosome number, structure, behaviour and chemotaxonomy that uses the chemical constituents of the plant to resolve confusions, are also used by taxonomists these days. Answer:(d)
Q.30
Which of the following statement is not true regarding keys?
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a) Key is a taxonomical aid and is used for the identification of plants and animals based on similarities and differences.
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b) The keys are based on a pair of contrasting characters generally called couplet.
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c) Each statement in a key is called lead.
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d) Separate taxonomic keys are not required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for their identification purpose.
Explanation
Key is taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities. Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes. Keys are generally analytical in nature Answer:(d)
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