Multiple Choice Questions

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
  • their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce.
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
  • continuity or stages.
  • The consistency of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span.
In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of:
  • conservation.
  • postconventional
  • more responsive.
  • moral action.
Compared to the children with authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are:
  • more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
  • maturation of physical skills is relatively unaffected by experience.
  • not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminishing parental influence.
Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her friends than with her family. Knowing this is the case, Cassandra's parents should:
  • more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
  • form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world.
  • not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminishing parental influence.
  • The consistency of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span.
Aaron cried when his mother left him in the infant nursery at church, and he was not reassured or comforted by her return a short while later. Aaron showed signs of:
  • she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.
  • too little information to tell
  • preconventional
  • insecure attachment
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to:
  • all of the alternatives.
  • recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
  • her expectations and attitudes
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
Maturation refers to:
  • more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
  • biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
  • at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age.
Horace, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl at 6 months, and walk at 12 months. This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to:
  • authoritarian
  • formal operational
  • maturation.
  • preconventional
Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature due to:
  • body odors.
  • conservation.
  • cognitive development.
  • insecure attachment.
Among employed women, the task of raising children is especially likely to be associated with ________ marital satisfaction. The departure of mature children from the home is typically associated with ________ marital satisfaction.
  • attachment
  • decreasing; increasing
  • attachment experiences
  • developmental
Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.
  • Conservation
  • postconventional
  • conservation.
  • insecure attachment
As men advance through middle adulthood they experience a gradual decline in:
  • substance abuse.
  • cognitive development.
  • insecure attachment.
  • all of the alternatives.
Some mothers feed their infants when they show signs of hunger, whereas others fail to respond predictably to their infants' demands for food. These different maternal feeding practices are most likely to contribute to differences in infant:
  • conventional
  • postconventional
  • attachment
  • secure attachment
According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to:
  • the difficulty perceiving things from another person's point of view.
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
  • open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
Research on developmental stability and change indicates that:
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • at the age of 1 or 2, adult personality traits are still largely unpredictable.
  • at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age.
  • greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship.
Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that:
  • insecure attachment
  • the age-related timing but not the sequence
  • she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.
  • not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminishing parental influence.
Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life cycle
  • social
  • authoritative
  • schemas.
  • moral
Compared to 40 years ago, American men today are marrying:
  • at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age.
  • greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship.
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
Given the text discussion of life satisfaction patterns, which of the following people is likely to report the greatest life satisfaction?
  • too little information to tell
  • be indifferent toward their mothers on their return.
  • insecure attachment
  • she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.
Authoritative parents are likely to have children who:
  • have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • develops through a series of stages.
  • the shaping of personality continues during adolescence and well beyond.
Already at 15 months of age, Justin strongly senses that he can rely on his father to comfort and protect him. This most clearly contributes to:
  • body odors.
  • insecure attachment.
  • basic trust.
  • developmental
Dr. Joan Goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
  • developmental
  • insecure attachment.
  • early adulthood.
  • basic trust.
Learning to delay gratification promotes:
  • accommodation
  • body odors.
  • temperament; responsive parenting
  • moral action.
According to Piaget, accommodation refers to:
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
  • It begins earlier in life and ends later in life.
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.
The concept of maturation is most relevant to understanding the absence of:
  • adults than among children
  • They showed abnormal physical development.
  • bladder control among 2-year-olds.
  • Piaget's cognitive development theory.
Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of:
  • form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world.
  • ...
  • schemas
  • maturation.
When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ________ stage.
  • assimilation.
  • developmental
  • Conservation
  • sensorimotor
After their grown children have left home, most couples experience:
  • their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce.
  • the shaping of personality continues during adolescence and well beyond.
  • greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship.
  • were incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity.
The fact that many happy and well-adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of:
  • insecure attachment.
  • stability or change.
  • concrete operational
  • cognitive development.
During which stage of cognitive development do children acquire object permanence?
  • sense of object permanence.
  • sensorimotor
  • continuity or stages.
  • Jean Piaget
Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely to:
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • the concept of conservation.
  • form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world.
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
At age 12, Sean is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. It is most likely that Sean's parents are:
  • maturation.
  • preconventional
  • authoritative
  • schemas
Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of:
  • insecure attachment
  • insecure attachment.
  • secure attachment
  • stability or change.
According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents a ________ morality.
  • postconventional
  • preconventional
  • the concept of conservation.
  • conservation.
Which of the following statements concerning the effects of aging is true?
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age.
  • The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activity patterns.
  • The consistency of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span.
Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:
  • secure attachment.
  • authoritarian
  • secure attachment
  • insecure attachment.
In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most likely to:
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • maturation of physical skills is relatively unaffected by experience.
  • an early and secure attachment to her own parents.
  • use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings.
The rooting reflex refers to a baby's tendency to:
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship.
  • at the age of 1 or 2, adult personality traits are still largely unpredictable.
  • open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience. Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ________ parents.
  • authoritative
  • postconventional
  • developmental
  • authoritarian
Piaget is to cognitive development as Kohlberg is to ________ development.
  • conservation.
  • happy
  • moral
  • develops through a series of stages.
Human sperm cells ________ than egg cells.
  • sensorimotor
  • were incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity.
  • are smaller
  • authoritative
Nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________.
  • her expectations and attitudes
  • have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
  • adults than among children
  • temperament; responsive parenting
A mother who is slow in responding to her infant's cries of distress is most likely to encourage:
  • authoritative
  • preconventional
  • too little information to tell
  • insecure attachment
Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they demonstrate:
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age.
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Babies will vigorously root when:
  • sense of object permanence.
  • all of the alternatives.
  • their cheek is touched.
  • adults than among children
The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by:
  • her expectations and attitudes
  • temperament; responsive parenting
  • have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
  • Piaget's cognitive development theory.
At about 8 months of age, infants develop a fear of strangers because they can't assimilate unfamiliar faces into their:
  • moral
  • insecure attachment.
  • social
  • schemas
By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers':
  • developmental
  • body odors.
  • sensorimotor
  • Jean Piaget
When placed close to a gauze breast pad from their nursing mothers, week-old babies are likely to:
  • greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship.
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings.
  • insecure attachment.
Even though smoking marijuana would reduce the pain associated with her chronic medical condition, Juanita believes it would be morally wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Kohlberg would suggest that Juanita demonstrates a(n) _______ morality.
  • conventional
  • preconventional
  • maturation.
  • developmental
Research findings on infant motor development are consistent with the idea that:
  • maturation of physical skills is relatively unaffected by experience.
  • high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
  • greater happiness and enjoyment in their marital relationship.
  • use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings.
Five-year-olds who were surprised to discover that a Band Aids box contained pencils subsequently delighted in anticipating their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a:
  • she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.
  • preconventional
  • sensorimotor
  • theory of mind.
Adolescence is typically a time of:
  • their cheek is touched.
  • open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
  • diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence.
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be:
  • too little information to tell
  • substance abuse.
  • authoritative
  • authoritarian
Menopause refers to:
  • her expectations and attitudes
  • stared longer at the outcome.
  • the cessation of menstruation.
  • the concept of conservation.
Severe and prolonged child sexual abuse places children at risk for:
  • substance abuse.
  • attachment experiences
  • sensorimotor
  • all of the alternatives.
One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology centers around the issue of:
  • infantile amnesia.
  • stability or change.
  • They showed abnormal physical development.
  • continuity or stages.
Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?
  • nurture
  • schemas.
  • adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.
  • Kohlberg
Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:
  • insecure attachment
  • maturation.
  • Conservation
  • stability or change.
The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of:
  • authoritarian
  • assimilation.
  • conservation.
  • stability or change.
Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child:
  • at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age.
  • have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
  • her expectations and attitudes
  • develops through a series of stages.
Insecurely attached infants who are left by their mothers in an unfamiliar setting often will:
  • preconventional
  • authoritative
  • too little information to tell
  • be indifferent toward their mothers on their return.
The emotional impact of menopause on a woman depends on:
  • temperament; responsive parenting
  • her expectations and attitudes
  • adults than among children
  • have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones.
  • form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world.
  • use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings.
  • turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
  • the age-related timing but not the sequence
Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the:
  • schemas
  • cheek
  • moral
  • social
Physical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output reach their peak during:
  • basic trust.
  • early adulthood.
  • preconventional
  • conservation.
The relative lack of neural interconnections in the association areas at the time of birth is most likely to contribute to:
  • insecure attachment.
  • continuity or stages.
  • infantile amnesia.
  • insecure attachment
Most contemporary developmental psychologists believe that:
  • sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
  • They showed abnormal physical development.
  • open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
  • the shaping of personality continues during adolescence and well beyond.
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Multiple Choice Questions
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