Multiple Choice Questions

Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because:
  • any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities.
  • more men than women engaged in fighting and aggressive encounters.
  • schizophrenia is influenced by genes.
  • the same genes but different environments.
Religious and ethnic diversity are most likely to be appreciated in a culture characterized by:
  • genetic predispositions.
  • individualism
  • collectivism
  • natural selection
When looking for someone to whom they can confide their personal worries, women usually turn to ________ and men usually turn to ________.
  • identical; fraternal
  • gender roles.
  • gender-typing.
  • women; women
One of the best ways to distinguish how much genetic and environmental factors affect behavior is to compare children who have:
  • identical twins raised in different environments
  • religious beliefs; personality traits
  • Gus interrupts Lola.
  • the same genes but different environments.
Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of:
  • stable over time.
  • genetic predispositions.
  • selective mating.
  • personality traits
Which theory states that gender becomes a lens through which children view their experiences?
  • collectivism
  • individualism
  • social learning theory
  • gender schema theory
Ten-year-old Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking clothes because she wants to appear ladylike. This best illustrates the impact of:
  • gender-typing.
  • heredity.
  • gender schema theory.
  • gender roles.
Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value:
  • social harmony
  • collectivism
  • individualism
  • gender schema theory
According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be:
  • genetically predisposed.
  • identical twins raised in different environments
  • social relationships.
  • all of the alternatives.
The unique temperaments of children evoke predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the ________ of nature and nurture.
  • interaction of nature and nurture.
  • Gus interrupts Lola.
  • interaction
  • mutation.
Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is time-consuming. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior.
  • interaction
  • gender-typing.
  • evolutionary
  • more; less
Personal space refers to:
  • the distance we like to maintain between ourselves and other people.
  • the sense of being male or female.
  • observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process.
  • discourages progressive efforts to change common social practices.
Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are:
  • social learning theorists.
  • nevertheless organized themselves into "girl worlds" and "boy worlds."
  • fraternal twins who were raised apart.
  • identical; fraternal
Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ similar in neuroticism and ________ similar in extraversion.
  • less; less
  • social relationships.
  • temperament
  • all of the alternatives.
The fact that language forces children age 2 and older to begin organizing their worlds on the basis of gender is most consistent with which theory of how gender-linked behaviors develop?
  • identical; fraternal
  • collectivism
  • gender roles.
  • gender schema theory
Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.
  • personality traits
  • our ability to survive and reproduce.
  • genes than by home environment.
  • all of the alternatives.
Temperament refers to a person's characteristic:
  • differ widely across cultures.
  • interaction of nature and nurture.
  • emotional reactivity and intensity.
  • genes than by home environment.
The importance of romance in marriage relationships is most strongly emphasized in cultures characterized by:
  • natural selection.
  • individualism
  • gender-typing.
  • religious beliefs
Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament?
  • nevertheless organized themselves into "girl worlds" and "boy worlds."
  • women; women
  • Ruth and Ramona, identical twins
  • social learning theorists.
Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.
  • religious beliefs
  • social relationships.
  • genetic predispositions.
  • genetically predisposed.
Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of:
  • smile at others.
  • selective mating.
  • natural selection
  • greater reproductive potential
A child's temperament is likely to be:
  • smile at others.
  • selective mating.
  • gender schema theory.
  • stable over time.
An infant's temperament refers most directly to its
  • emotional excitability
  • stable over time.
  • smile at others.
  • genetically predisposed.
In everyday behavior, men are less likely than women to:
  • religious beliefs
  • emotional excitability
  • tend and befriend.
  • smile at others.
During the course of a conversation between Lola, Martha, and Gus, which of the following events is most likely to occur?
  • genetically predisposed.
  • genetic predispositions.
  • Gus interrupts Lola.
  • natural selection.
Compared to women, men are ________ likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and ________ likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse.
  • natural selection.
  • social relationships.
  • norms.
  • more; less
Gender identity refers to:
  • interaction of nature and nurture.
  • genes than by home environment.
  • the sense of being male or female.
  • be less accepting of casual sex.
Collectivist cultures:
  • the distance we like to maintain between ourselves and other people.
  • the sense of being male or female.
  • are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents.
  • are characterized by all of the alternatives.
Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a:
  • role
  • social learning theorists.
  • gender-typing.
  • a woman would engage in casual sex with many male partners.
Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in:
  • cautious and unassertive.
  • genes than by home environment.
  • all of the alternatives.
  • of all of the alternative reasons.
People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the:
  • interaction of nature and nurture.
  • religious beliefs; personality traits
  • emotional reactivity and intensity.
  • genetic predispositions.
A random error in gene replication is known as a:
  • heredity.
  • mutation.
  • aggressiveness
  • culture.
Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by:
  • interaction
  • gender-typing.
  • selective mating.
  • heredity.
An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to:
  • irritable and unpredictable
  • do all of the alternatives.
  • all of the alternatives.
  • natural selection
A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of:
  • natural selection
  • selective mating.
  • social harmony
  • do all of the alternatives.
Level: Difficult babies with an intense and highly reactive temperament tend to be:
  • religious beliefs; personality traits
  • religious beliefs
  • do all of the alternatives.
  • irritable and unpredictable
Critics of evolutionary psychology are particularly likely to emphasize that gender differences in mate preferences are byproducts of:
  • cultural practices.
  • discourages progressive efforts to change common social practices.
  • natural selection
  • natural selection.
Men and women are most likely to differ in their:
  • selective mating.
  • gender-typing.
  • be less accepting of casual sex.
  • aggressiveness
Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of:
  • less; less
  • temperament
  • gender-typing.
  • temperament.
Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute a love of one's own children to:
  • genetic predispositions.
  • genes than by home environment.
  • greater reproductive potential
  • social relationships.
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called:
  • social harmony
  • heredity.
  • norms.
  • gender-typing.
If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:
  • schizophrenia is influenced by genes.
  • temperament.
  • natural selection.
  • natural selection
Rod has always felt pressure to be the driver when traveling in a car with Sue because he learned that this was expected of men. Rod's feelings illustrate the influence of:
  • gender-typing.
  • more; less
  • gender roles.
  • temperament
Men judge women as especially attractive if:
  • observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process.
  • person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups.
  • they appear youthful, and women judge men as especially attractive if they appear mature.
  • tend and befriend.
Gender role refers to:
  • are characterized by all of the alternatives.
  • a set of expected behaviors for males and females.
  • the sense of being male or female.
  • emotional reactivity and intensity.
A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates the impact of:
  • norms.
  • gender roles.
  • identical; fraternal
  • gender-typing.
Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it:
  • more men than women engaged in fighting and aggressive encounters.
  • are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents.
  • discourages progressive efforts to change common social practices.
  • cultural practices.
Brittla spends a lot of money on cosmetics and expensive clothing in order to attract a desirable mate. According to evolutionary psychologists, Brittla's behavior is a product of:
  • schizophrenia is influenced by genes.
  • interaction of nature and nurture.
  • genetic predispositions.
  • Gus interrupts Lola.
Three-year-old Jack is inhibited and shy. As an adult, Jack is likely to be:
  • do all of the alternatives.
  • all of the alternatives.
  • cautious and unassertive.
  • irritable and unpredictable
Compared to men, women are more likely to:
  • aggressiveness
  • be less accepting of casual sex.
  • stable over time.
  • less; less
The social roles assigned to women and men:
  • are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents.
  • cautious and unassertive.
  • observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process.
  • differ widely across cultures.
In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of:
  • do all of the alternatives.
  • nature-nurture interactions.
  • greater reproductive potential
  • cultural practices.
Women are more likely than men to:
  • be less accepting of casual sex.
  • personality traits
  • stable over time.
  • tend and befriend.
When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of:
  • fraternal twins who were raised apart.
  • social learning theorists.
  • gender-typing.
  • gender roles.
The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of:
  • culture.
  • schemas.
  • mutation.
  • heredity.
Identical twins originate from the fertilization of:
  • a single egg cell by a single sperm cell.
  • emotional reactivity and intensity.
  • males with traditional masculine attitudes.
  • be less accepting of casual sex.
Compared with males, females are more likely to base their sense of personal identity on their:
  • social harmony
  • natural selection.
  • social relationships.
  • all of the alternatives.
Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of:
  • nevertheless organized themselves into "girl worlds" and "boy worlds."
  • much greater
  • norms.
  • schemas.
Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our perceptions are called gender:
  • schemas.
  • norms.
  • more; less
  • social relationships.
Evolutionary psychologists would be least likely to predict that:
  • a woman would engage in casual sex with many male partners.
  • of all of the alternative reasons.
  • natural selection
  • much greater
The personalities of adopted children:
  • observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process.
  • more men than women engaged in fighting and aggressive encounters.
  • a single egg cell by a single sperm cell.
  • are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents.
Social learning theorists emphasize that:
  • person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups.
  • observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process.
  • they appear youthful, and women judge men as especially attractive if they appear mature.
  • emotional reactivity and intensity.
Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by:
  • genetically predisposed.
  • genes than by home environment.
  • all of the alternatives.
  • genetic predispositions.
Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than do women.
  • gender schema theory.
  • nature-nurture interactions.
  • schizophrenia is influenced by genes.
  • greater reproductive potential
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Multiple Choice Questions
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