Multiple Choice Questions

How does the transit method tell us planetary size, and in what cases can we also learn mass and density?
  • same amount
  • the transit and Doppler methods together.
  • Many of orbits of extrasolar planets were much more eccentric and much nearer their stars than the jovian planets of our solar system
  • In the transit method, the fraction of light absorbed is the ratio of the planet's area to the star's area, so we can find the physical size of the planet. If we also measure its mass via radial velocity, we can calculate its density.
Which of these layers of the Sun is coolest?
  • photosphere
  • particles from the Sun
  • four individual protons
  • chromosphere
Which of these groups of particles has the greatest mass?
  • math models of the sun
  • particles from the Sun
  • photosphere
  • four individual protons
How does the number of neutrinos passing through your body at night compare with the number passing through your body during the day?
  • In the transit method, the fraction of light absorbed is the ratio of the planet's area to the star's area, so we can find the physical size of the planet. If we also measure its mass via radial velocity, we can calculate its density.
  • astrometric method
  • same amount
  • chromosphere
Why does the Doppler method generally allow us to determine only minimum planetary masses?
  • To use the transit method, we monitor the brightness of a star as the planet passes in front of the star's disk. The star's light dims slightly because the planet is dimmer than the star. This technique works only in the rare cases when the planet's orbit is nearly edge-on as seen from Earth, since otherwise the planet will pass to one side of the star as it orbits.
  • changes in the organization of the Sun's magnetic field
  • In the transit method, the fraction of light absorbed is the ratio of the planet's area to the star's area, so we can find the physical size of the planet. If we also measure its mass via radial velocity, we can calculate its density.
  • Because the Doppler technique detects only movement toward and away from us, we do not know the planet's orbital inclination. A very massive planet with a large inclination will give the same tugs along our line of sight to its star as a smaller planet with no inclination.
What method has detected the most extrasolar planets so far?
  • Doppler method
  • astrometric method
  • transit method
  • radiation zone
X-ray images of the Sun generally show the
  • its size
  • photosphere
  • photons
  • corona.
Sunspots appear darker than their surroundings because they
  • the transit and Doppler methods together.
  • helium, energy, and neutrinos.
  • particles from the Sun
  • are cooler than their surroundings.
What is the GAIA mission?
  • A European Space Agency's mission which has the goal of performing astrometric observations.
  • 4 hydrogen nuclei become 1 helium nucleus
  • They formed farther out like Jupiter but then migrated inward.
  • Because the nebula must have dispersed shortly after the formation of our jovian planets.
Which one of the following can the transit method tell us about a planet?
  • particles from the Sun
  • astrometric method
  • its size
  • photosphere
What is the overall fusion reaction that converts mass into other forms of energy in the Sun's core?
  • 4 hydrogen nuclei become 1 helium nucleus
  • They formed farther out like Jupiter but then migrated inward.
  • A European Space Agency's mission which has the goal of performing astrometric observations.
  • chromosphere
To determine a planet's average density, we can use
  • transit method
  • the transit and Doppler methods together.
  • The planet and the star both make orbits about a common center of mass. The star, being much larger than the planet, has a much smaller orbit. But it does move slightly.
  • are cooler than their surroundings.
What causes the cycle of solar activity?
  • Because the Doppler technique detects only movement toward and away from us, we do not know the planet's orbital inclination. A very massive planet with a large inclination will give the same tugs along our line of sight to its star as a smaller planet with no inclination.
  • changes in the organization of the Sun's magnetic field
  • 4 hydrogen nuclei become 1 helium nucleus
  • Because the nebula must have dispersed shortly after the formation of our jovian planets.
Which detection method was used by the Kepler mission?
  • photosphere
  • transit method
  • astrometric method
  • Doppler method
Doppler shift
  • changes in the organization of the Sun's magnetic field
  • Because the Doppler technique detects only movement toward and away from us, we do not know the planet's orbital inclination. A very massive planet with a large inclination will give the same tugs along our line of sight to its star as a smaller planet with no inclination.
  • The Doppler technique watches for movement in stars by looking for periodic Doppler shifts. It's best for detecting massive planets with close-in orbits. It detects planets in all orbit orientations except face-on.
  • Kepler mission
Why didn't one form in our solar system?
  • Because the nebula must have dispersed shortly after the formation of our jovian planets.
  • A European Space Agency's mission which has the goal of performing astrometric observations.
  • To use the transit method, we monitor the brightness of a star as the planet passes in front of the star's disk. The star's light dims slightly because the planet is dimmer than the star. This technique works only in the rare cases when the planet's orbit is nearly edge-on as seen from Earth, since otherwise the planet will pass to one side of the star as it orbits.
  • Hot Jupiters formed beyond the frost line, as in our solar system, and migrated inward due to interaction with the solar nebula.
Which of these things poses the greatest hazard to communications satellites?
  • photosphere
  • particles from the Sun
  • astrometric method
  • math models of the sun
The ------------- was used to find a Jupiter-sized planet through careful measurements of the changing position of a star in the sky.
  • chromosphere
  • astrometric method
  • transit method
  • same amount
How do the orbits of known extrasolar planets differ from those of planets in our solar system?
  • 4 hydrogen nuclei become 1 helium nucleus
  • same amount
  • Hot Jupiters formed beyond the frost line, as in our solar system, and migrated inward due to interaction with the solar nebula.
  • Many of orbits of extrasolar planets were much more eccentric and much nearer their stars than the jovian planets of our solar system
What's the best explanation for the location of hot Jupiters?
  • A European Space Agency's mission which has the goal of performing astrometric observations.
  • are cooler than their surroundings.
  • They formed farther out like Jupiter but then migrated inward.
  • 4 hydrogen nuclei become 1 helium nucleus
Scientists estimate the central temperature of the Sun using
  • math models of the sun
  • four individual protons
  • particles from the Sun
  • are cooler than their surroundings.
The ----------- is the layer of the Sun between its core and convection zone.
  • transit method
  • radiation zone
  • astrometric method
  • its size
Solar energy leaves the core of the Sun in the form of
  • photosphere
  • its size
  • photons
  • corona.
. The --------------- successfully discovered thousands of extrasolar planets with a spacecraft that searched for transits among some 100,000 stars.
  • Kepler mission
  • Because the Doppler technique detects only movement toward and away from us, we do not know the planet's orbital inclination. A very massive planet with a large inclination will give the same tugs along our line of sight to its star as a smaller planet with no inclination.
  • changes in the organization of the Sun's magnetic field
  • The Doppler technique watches for movement in stars by looking for periodic Doppler shifts. It's best for detecting massive planets with close-in orbits. It detects planets in all orbit orientations except face-on.
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Multiple Choice Questions
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