From shortest to longest wavelength, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation?
  • Gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, radio
  • gamma raysx raysultravioletvisible lightinfraredradio waves
  • radio wavesinfraredvisible lightultravioletx raysgamma rays
  • They have different numbers of protons in their nucleus.
Which of the following best describes the fundamental difference between two different chemical elements (such as oxygen and carbon)?
  • They have different numbers of protons in their nucleus.
  • Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution.
  • They have a frequency of 2 hertz.
  • The wavelengths of spectral lines in the star's spectrum
Suppose you know the frequency of a photon, and the speed of light. What else about the photon can you determine?
  • have wavelengths that are longer than normal
  • Its wavelength and energy.
  • They have a frequency of 2 hertz.
  • The wavelengths of spectral lines in the star's spectrum
The stars in our sky twinkle in brightness and color because of _________.
  • absorbs ultraviolet light
  • a shorter average wavelength
  • have wavelengths that are longer than normal
  • turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere
Which forms of light are lower in energy and frequency than the light that our eyes can see?
  • a shorter average wavelength
  • items are equivalent
  • Infrared and radio
  • a diffraction grating.
If we say that a material is opaque to ultraviolet light, we mean that it _________.
  • a diffraction grating.
  • a shorter average wavelength
  • absorbs ultraviolet light
  • Infrared and radio
Visible light from a distant star can be spread into a spectrum by using a glass prism or ______.
  • a shorter average wavelength
  • absorbs ultraviolet light
  • a diffraction grating.
  • Infrared and radio
Rank the forms of light from left to right in order of increasing frequency. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
  • Gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, radio
  • items are equivalent
  • They have different numbers of protons in their nucleus.
  • radio wavesinfraredvisible lightultravioletx raysgamma rays
Suppose you look at a spectrum of visible light by looking through a prism or diffraction grating. How can you decide whether it is an emission line spectrum or an absorption line spectrum?
  • The wavelengths of spectral lines in the star's spectrum
  • An emission line spectrum consists of bright lines on a dark background, while an absorption line spectrum consists of dark lines on a rainbow background.
  • Its wavelength and energy.
  • They have a frequency of 2 hertz.
Suppose you watch a leaf bobbing up and down as ripples pass it by in a pond. You notice that it does two full up and down bobs each second. Which statement is true of the ripples on the pond?
  • They have different numbers of protons in their nucleus.
  • Its wavelength and energy.
  • The wavelengths of spectral lines in the star's spectrum
  • They have a frequency of 2 hertz.
An atom that has fewer electrons than protons is called a/an _________.
  • turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere
  • photons
  • ion
  • absorbs ultraviolet light
What do astronomers mean by light pollution?
  • Light pollution refers to lights from human sources that make it difficult to see the stars at night.
  • It allows two or more small telescopes to achieve the angular resolution of a much larger telescope.
  • It reduces blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence for telescopes on the ground.
  • Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution.
What is the purpose of adaptive optics?
  • Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution.
  • Light pollution refers to lights from human sources that make it difficult to see the stars at night.
  • It reduces blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence for telescopes on the ground.
  • It allows two or more small telescopes to achieve the angular resolution of a much larger telescope.
What is the angular resolution of the human eye?
  • It allows two or more small telescopes to achieve the angular resolution of a much larger telescope.
  • About 1 arcminute, or 1/60 of a degree
  • It reduces blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence for telescopes on the ground.
  • radiation with a spectrum whose shape depends only on the temperature of the emitting objec
According to the laws of thermal radiation, hotter objects emit photons with _________.
  • Infrared and radio
  • absorbs ultraviolet light
  • a diffraction grating.
  • a shorter average wavelength
Suppose you want to know the chemical composition of a distant star. Which piece of information is most useful to you?
  • The wavelengths of spectral lines in the star's spectrum
  • have wavelengths that are longer than normal
  • Its wavelength and energy.
  • They have a frequency of 2 hertz.
What is the purpose of interferometry?
  • It reduces blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence for telescopes on the ground.
  • It allows two or more small telescopes to achieve the angular resolution of a much larger telescope.
  • Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution.
  • Light pollution refers to lights from human sources that make it difficult to see the stars at night.
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