energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyper osmotic or hypo osmotic environment
  • Hyperosmotic urine can be
  • Osmoregulators expend
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Pros and Cons of Urea
channels formed by aquaporin proteins
  • As the filtrate passes through the proximal tubule
  • What is reabsorbed from filtrate?
  • Reabsorption of water continues through
  • Increases both water and Na+ reabsorption
expend energy to maintain osmotic gradients
  • Most excretory systems produce
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Osmoregulators must
  • Osmoregulators expend
the insects
  • The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as
  • An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is part of a
  • Osmolarity determines the
collecting duct as it traverses the inner medulla
  • The juxtamedullary nephron is
  • Uric acid is more
  • Urea diffuses out of the
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the____permeable to water
more...water
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the____permeable to water
  • In which region of the nephron is a steep osmotic gradient created?
  • As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes____ concentrated than the filtrate, so____leaves the filtrate
  • What nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?
urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)
  • Reabsorption of water continues through
  • The amount of nitrogenous waste is coupled to
  • The osmolarity of the urine is regulated by
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
key to water conservation in terrestrial animals
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
  • The mammalian kidneys ability to
  • The juxtamedullary nephron is
  • The distal tubule regulates the
energetically expensive produce than urea
  • Uric acid is more
  • Uric acid is
  • The mammalian kidneys ability to
  • Pros and Cons of Urea
opposes the RAAS; ANP is released in response to an increase in blood volume and pressure and inhibits the release of renin
  • Increases water reabsorption
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
  • Freshwater fishes conserve
NaCl and urea
  • In which region of the nephron is a steep osmotic gradient created?
  • Freshwater fish excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
  • The two primary solutes affecting osmolarity are
an increase in aquaporin channels in collect duct
  • Most excretory systems produce
  • Birds have shorter loops of Henle but
  • Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
loop of Henle
  • Freshwater fish excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes____ concentrated than the filtrate, so____leaves the filtrate
  • Kidney function in amphibians is similar
  • In which region of the nephron is a steep osmotic gradient created?
body fluids
  • Freshwater fishes conserve
  • Urine is hypersomotic to
  • Increases water reabsorption
  • Insects, land snails, and many reptiles including birds mainly excrete
pros: less toxic, requires less watercons: energetically expensive
  • Urea and NaCl form the osmotic gradient that
  • Hyperosmotic urine can be
  • Mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia to
  • Pros and Cons of Urea
regulate water and electrolyte balance in terrestrial vertebrates
  • The mammalian kidneys ability to
  • The collecting duct carries
  • Nitrogenous wastes excreted depend on
  • The kidneys are paired organs that
osmoregulators that must obtain water from the environment
  • The collecting duct carries
  • Freshwater fishes conserve
  • Terrestrial animals are
  • The juxtamedullary nephron is
an animal's evolutionary history, habitat, environment of the animal egg
  • The amount of nitrogenous waste is coupled to
  • Nitrogenous wastes excreted depend on
  • ADH and RAAS both increase
  • The collecting duct conducts filtrate
ammonia
  • Freshwater fish excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • Freshwater fishes conserve
  • The two primary solutes affecting osmolarity are
  • What is the functional unit of a kidney?
only optical nephrons but also excrete nitrogenous waste as uric acid
  • Uric acid is more
  • Other reptiles have
  • Terrestrial animals are
  • Uric acid is
gain of water and salt ions from food through mouth; excretion of salt ions from gills; osmotic water loss through gills and other parts of body surface; excretion of salt ions and small amounts of water in scanty urine from kidneys
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include
  • Water balance is affected by
  • Osmoregulators expend
secretion
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is part of a
  • An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be
  • Movement is driven by the
  • The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as
relatively nontoxic and does not dissolve readily in water
  • Uric acid is
  • Urine formed by a kidney collects in the ___before being drained from the kidney by the___and transported to the____
  • Osmoregulation regulates
  • Pros and Cons of Urea
materials to be excreted become concentrated
  • The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals is
  • As the filtrate passes through the proximal tubule
  • Kidneys, the excretory organs of vertebrates
  • Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include
renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, and loop of Henle
  • Which of the following statements best describes the actions of the hormone ADH of the nephron?
  • Urine formed by a kidney collects in the ___before being drained from the kidney by the___and transported to the____
  • Which regions of the nephron function independently of hormonal control for the most part?
  • Reabsorption of water continues through
aldosterone release, blood loss, severe diarrhea
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
  • Birds have shorter loops of Henle but
  • The fluid with the highest osmolarity is
  • Increases both water and Na+ reabsorption
salt uptake in gills and water excretion in urine
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include
  • Osmoregulation regulates
uric acid
  • What nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?
  • What is the functional unit of a kidney?
  • In which region of the nephron is a steep osmotic gradient created?
  • The____are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys
Filtrate is formed as fluid is forced through the walls of the glomerulus and, initially, collects in the structure indicated by the letter
PoRiccjm4bP.m3Nc7zw.nw_m.jpg
  • In the proximal tubule,
  • B
  • Marine bony fishes are
  • E
collecting duct
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the____permeable to water
  • The____are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys
  • Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced
  • What nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?
complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is part of a
  • The countercurrent multiplier system involving
  • Movement is driven by the
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
filtrate volume decreases but its osmolarity remains the same
  • Osmoregulation regulates
  • The kidneys are paired organs that
  • In the proximal tubule,
  • Other reptiles have
solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water
  • Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include
  • Hyperosmotic urine can be
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Osmoregulation regulates
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) to release the enzyme renin
  • The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals is
  • A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus causes the
  • As a result of the non-selectivity of the kidney's filtration of small molecules
  • Mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia to
through the osmolarity gradient, and more water exits the filtrate by osmosis
  • The collecting duct carries
  • The collecting duct conducts filtrate
  • The kidneys are paired organs that
  • Freshwater fishes conserve
isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity
  • Osmoregulators expend
  • Osmoconformeers are
  • Osmoregulation regulates
  • Osmoregulators must
renal arteries
  • Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced
  • Which regions of the nephron function independently of hormonal control for the most part?
  • The____are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys
  • The amount of nitrogenous waste is coupled to
useful substances must be selectively reabsorbed
  • Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include
  • What is the correct sequence of flow through the nephron?
  • The amount of nitrogenous waste is coupled to
  • As a result of the non-selectivity of the kidney's filtration of small molecules
the loop of Henle maintains a high salt concentration in the kidney
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is part of a
  • The kidneys are paired organs that
  • The countercurrent multiplier system involving
  • Excretory systems regulate
salt but not water; filtrate becomes increasingly dilute
  • Which regions of the nephron function independently of hormonal control for the most part?
  • What is able to diffuse from the tubule into the interstitial fluid
  • Mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia to
  • What is reabsorbed from filtrate?
filtrate through the medulla to the renal pelvis
  • The collecting duct carries
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
  • Urea diffuses out of the
  • The mammalian kidneys ability to
nephron
  • What is reabsorbed from filtrate?
  • Freshwater fish excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • What is the functional unit of a kidney?
  • What nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?
ammonia need access to lots of water
  • Animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • Considerable energy is expended to maintain
  • Birds have shorter loops of Henle but
  • Increases both water and Na+ reabsorption
urea, which is less toxic than ammonia
  • The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals is
  • Adaptations of desert animals do not likely include
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
permeability of the collecting duct epithelium to water; water osmolarity increases, this triggers the release of ADH, which helps to conserve water
  • Animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the
  • Osmoregulation in a freshwater fish
  • Urea and NaCl form the osmotic gradient that
nitrogenous waste excreted as ammonia
  • Animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • Adaptations of desert animals do not likely include
  • Reabsorption of water continues through
  • Increases both water and Na+ reabsorption
seawater in a tidal pool
  • Kidney function in amphibians is similar
  • The fluid with the highest osmolarity is
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
  • The collecting duct carries
renal pelvis....ureter....urinary bladder
  • The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals is
  • What is the correct sequence of flow through the nephron?
  • Urine formed by a kidney collects in the ___before being drained from the kidney by the___and transported to the____
  • Which regions of the nephron function independently of hormonal control for the most part?
more concentrated urine
  • Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced
  • Kidneys, the excretory organs of vertebrates
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the____permeable to water
  • The____are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys
filtration
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is part of a
  • As a result of the non-selectivity of the kidney's filtration of small molecules
  • The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as
  • As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes____ concentrated than the filtrate, so____leaves the filtrate
The urethra is identified by the letter
oXmXLkaVwXlW0svK4-6ilQ_m.jpg
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
  • E
  • Kidney function in amphibians is similar
  • Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include
interstitial fluid and then capillaries
  • A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following
  • Considerable energy is expended to maintain
  • Molecules are transported actively and passively from the filtrate into the
  • What is able to diffuse from the tubule into the interstitial fluid
conserve water is a key terrestrial adaptation
  • Terrestrial animals are
  • The collecting duct carries
  • The juxtamedullary nephron is
  • The mammalian kidneys ability to
long loops of Henle
  • Mammals in dry environment have
  • Some toxic materials are actively
  • Glucose is removed from filtrate by
  • Kidney function in amphibians is similar
nervous and hormonal control
  • The osmolarity of the urine is regulated by
  • The amount of nitrogenous waste is coupled to
  • Reabsorption of water continues through
  • Some toxic materials are actively
K+ and NaCl concentrations of body fluids, the controlled movement of ions contributes to pH regulation
  • The most abundant solute in urine is
  • The filtrate produced in Bowman's capsule contains
  • The distal tubule regulates the
  • Freshwater fishes conserve
of the peptide angiotensin 2
  • Renin triggers the formation
  • Urine is hypersomotic to
  • The juxtamedullary nephron is
  • Mammals in fresh water have
high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid, which is hyper osmotic to the filtrate
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is part of a
  • The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as
  • Excretory systems regulate
  • Movement is driven by the
relatively short loops
  • Mammals in fresh water have
  • Animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes as
  • Mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia to
  • Uric acid is
hypo osmotic compared with their environment; their kidneys have small glomeruli and some lack glomeruli entirely; filtration rates are low, and very little urine is excreted
  • Osmoregulation in marine fish
  • Osmoregulation in a freshwater fish
  • Urine is hypersomotic to
  • Marine bony fishes are
solute movement between internal fluids and the external environment
  • An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be
  • Excretory systems regulate
  • Movement is driven by the
  • Osmolarity determines the
the less toxic urea; produced in the liver and carried to the kidneys
  • Considerable energy is expended to maintain
  • Mammals in dry environment have
  • Mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia to
  • Pros and Cons of Urea
function in both excretion and osmoregulation
  • Kidney function in amphibians is similar
  • Kidneys, the excretory organs of vertebrates
  • Birds have shorter loops of Henle but
  • Increases both water and Na+ reabsorption
to freshwater fishes
  • Kidney function in amphibians is similar
  • The amount of nitrogenous waste is coupled to
  • The kidneys are paired organs that
  • Some toxic materials are actively
reduces water loss compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but requires more metabolic energy to produce
  • Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which
  • As a result of the non-selectivity of the kidney's filtration of small molecules
  • Birds have shorter loops of Henle but
  • Which regions of the nephron function independently of hormonal control for the most part?
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