Multiple Choice Questions

The lower esophageal sphincter surrounds the upper opening into the stomach. If this sphincter failed to properly constrict, there might be a problem with _____.
  • As television watching increases, weight also increases.
  • regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, commonly called "heartburn"
  • absorption.
  • ...
_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.
  • both glycerol and fatty acids
  • ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination
  • initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach.
  • Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine
Which structure is not part of the alimentary canal?
  • absorption.
  • hydrochloric acid
  • Salivary glands.
  • small intestine
A fatty acid molecule includes a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a long hydrocarbon chain.
  • False
  • maltose
  • ...
  • water
Carbohydrate digestion begins with the action of salivary amylase in the mouth
  • maltose
  • False
  • mouth
  • ...
The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at
  • fructoses
  • bile salts.
  • grinding.
  • French fries
The hydrocarbon chains found in fats make them hydrophobic, or insoluble in water.
  • mouth
  • grinding.
  • ...
  • Excretion.
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
  • ...
  • amino acids
  • hydrochloric acid
  • bile salts.
What acid is responsible for stomach acidity?
  • water
  • hydrochloric acid
  • French fries
  • absorption.
The bile salts
  • both glycerol and fatty acids
  • amino acids
  • emulsify fats in the duodenum.
  • calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals
Choose the list that presents the four stages of food processing in the order in which they naturally occur.
  • Physical activity had less impact on weight than foods eaten.
  • Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine
  • ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination
  • cellulose digestion in ruminant mammals occurs before the ingested foods reach the small intestine
Essential nutrients must be obtained from diet.
  • stomach.
  • liver
  • ...
  • water
Excretion of wastes is NOT required for an animal to obtain energy from food.
  • Excretion.
  • ...
  • mouth
  • stomach.
What is the main component of gastric juice?
  • mouth
  • False
  • water
  • stomach
Proteins that are consumed in the diet are absorbed as individual amino acids following digestion.
  • stomach
  • liver
  • ...
  • water
Monoglycerides and fatty acids are small hydrophobic molecules that can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane of small intestine epithelial cells. Other nutrients absorbed during digestion (amino acids, sugars, etc.) typically require membrane proteins and enter epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion or active transport.
  • pepsin
  • maltose
  • Excretion.
  • ...
After ingestion by humans, the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is
  • absorption.
  • carbohydrates.
  • enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • French fries
Most of the digestion of fats occurs in section(s) ___.
  • Salivary glands.
  • bile salts.
  • small intestine
  • polysaccharide
Different types of food are eaten by various groups of animals, but it is usually true that _____.
  • ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination
  • As television watching increases, weight also increases.
  • cellulose digestion in ruminant mammals occurs before the ingested foods reach the small intestine
  • Eat nuts and whole wheat bread, and sleep for 7-8 hours per night.
Starch is a type of _____.
  • French fries
  • carbohydrates.
  • Salivary glands.
  • polysaccharide
The "essential nutrients" for proper human nutrition include _____.
  • As television watching increases, weight also increases.
  • Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine
  • Eat nuts and whole wheat bread, and sleep for 7-8 hours per night.
  • calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals
You want to lose weight. Which of the following combinations would likely work best?
  • initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach.
  • calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals
  • As television watching increases, weight also increases.
  • Eat nuts and whole wheat bread, and sleep for 7-8 hours per night.
Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, this requires the animals to have mechanisms for
  • both glycerol and fatty acids
  • regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, commonly called "heartburn"
  • French fries
  • enzymatic hydrolysis.
Proteins are composed of amino acids.
  • False
  • amylase
  • ...
  • water
Bile salts keep fat from coalescing into large droplets in the lumen of the small intestine. Smaller droplets expose more surface area to the enzyme lipase, which is secreted by epithelial cells to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
  • stomach.
  • mouth
  • liver
  • ...
Fructose is a monosaccharide, and monosaccharides can be absorbed without having to be broken down into smaller units.
  • False
  • ...
  • mouth
  • stomach.
Starch is a carbohydrate composed of many monomers (many monosaccharide units).
  • ...
  • maltose
  • False
  • Excretion.
Fat digestion is not complete until pancreatic lipases finalize fat digestion in the small intestine.
  • mouth
  • carbohydrates.
  • French fries
  • ...
Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells
  • As television watching increases, weight also increases.
  • add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis).
  • initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach.
  • most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood.
In the digestive system, peristalsis is
  • calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals
  • smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.
  • Physical activity had less impact on weight than foods eaten.
  • amino acids
The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that the
  • regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, commonly called "heartburn"
  • most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood.
  • add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis).
  • calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals
Which process is not required for an animal to obtain energy from food?
  • amino acids
  • stomach.
  • French fries
  • Excretion.
The salivary glands are not part of the alimentary canal but contribute digestive enzymes to break down food in the mouth.
  • mouth
  • liver
  • ...
  • False
Protein digestion begins in the _____.
  • mouth
  • water
  • amylase
  • stomach
Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes
  • both glycerol and fatty acids
  • carbohydrates.
  • add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis).
  • ...
Why doesn't gastric juice, composed of hydrochloric acid and a protease called pepsin, digest the cells that line the stomach?
  • Physical activity had less impact on weight than foods eaten.
  • ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination
  • The stomach lining secretes mucus, a mixture of glycoproteins, cells, salts, and water.
  • regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, commonly called "heartburn"
According to this study, which of the following is true?
  • Eat nuts and whole wheat bread, and sleep for 7-8 hours per night.
  • If a person quits smoking, they are likely to gain weight.
  • herbivores
  • As television watching increases, weight also increases.
Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch?
  • False
  • amylase
  • small intestine
  • Salivary glands.
The ruminants are "front-end" fermenters, with mutualistic microbes residing in chambers or sections of the stomach.
  • carbohydrates.
  • ...
  • mouth
  • grinding.
A group of animals among which a relatively long cecum is likely to be found is the
  • grinding.
  • French fries
  • smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.
  • herbivores
An enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is
  • pepsin
  • small intestine
  • absorption.
  • water
Free fatty acid absorption occurs in the small intestine.
  • grinding.
  • ...
  • stomach.
  • maltose
True or False? The liver is a component of the alimentary canal.
  • liver
  • fructoses
  • False
  • mouth
The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in ___.
  • liver
  • False
  • bile salts.
  • amylase
The adaptations suited to a carnivorous diet include
  • bile salts.
  • small intestine
  • amino acids
  • grinding.
One advantage of having a tube-like digestive tract is that digestive processes with different requirements (for example, an acidic or basic environment) can be separated within the tract.
  • ...
  • mouth
  • grinding.
  • liver
According to this study, which of the following would be best to avoid if you want to lose weight?
  • French fries
  • grinding.
  • carbohydrates.
  • fructoses
Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.
  • grinding.
  • maltose
  • mouth
  • liver
The secretion of gastric juice by the stomach begins the digestion of proteins.
  • absorption.
  • grinding.
  • liver
  • ...
True or false? One advantage of having a tube-like digestive tract is that digestion of all compounds can take place simultaneously down the tract.
  • ...
  • water
  • amylase
  • False
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Multiple Choice Questions
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